Trajetória socioambiental de Guarapuava: leituras da paisagem

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

NO A LAS PAPELERAS, en torno a la demanda social elaborada por los asambleístas de Gualeguaychú contra la instalación de dos fábricas de celulosa en la localidad de Fray Bentos, República Oriental del Uruguay

El objetivo del proyecto consiste en reconstruir molecularmente la conformación de la "Asamblea Ambiental Ciudadana de Gualeguaychú" desde sus momentos fundacionales e indagar en la demanda social elaborada por los asambleístas de Gualeguaychú en oposición a la posible instalación de dos fábricas de pasta de celulosa, y la efectiva construcción de una de ellas, en la localidad de Fray Bentos, República Oriental del Uruguay. Asimismo, se inscribe en un interés más amplio por enmarcar la lucha ambiental desarrollada por la ciudadanía de Gualeguaychú en los procesos de movilización social protagonizados, en los últimos años en nuestro país, por diversos movimientos sociales organizados en el seno de la sociedad civil en defensa de los bienes naturales y que dado su carácter novedoso, concitan cada vez más la atención de la comunidad académica. Al respecto, en este proyecto de investigación nos interesa poner en discusión los trabajos de investigación elaborados hasta el momento en torno al movimiento social ambientalista de Gualeguaychú, no sólo destacando las diferentes perspectivas teóricas construidas respecto al mismo objeto de investigación; sino que además, nos permitan definir los lineamientos específicos a seguir al momento de llevar a cabo la investigación de forma empírica.

NO A LAS PAPELERAS, en torno a la demanda social elaborada por los asambleístas de Gualeguaychú contra la instalación de dos fábricas de celulosa en la localidad de Fray Bentos, República Oriental del Uruguay

El objetivo del proyecto consiste en reconstruir molecularmente la conformación de la "Asamblea Ambiental Ciudadana de Gualeguaychú" desde sus momentos fundacionales e indagar en la demanda social elaborada por los asambleístas de Gualeguaychú en oposición a la posible instalación de dos fábricas de pasta de celulosa, y la efectiva construcción de una de ellas, en la localidad de Fray Bentos, República Oriental del Uruguay. Asimismo, se inscribe en un interés más amplio por enmarcar la lucha ambiental desarrollada por la ciudadanía de Gualeguaychú en los procesos de movilización social protagonizados, en los últimos años en nuestro país, por diversos movimientos sociales organizados en el seno de la sociedad civil en defensa de los bienes naturales y que dado su carácter novedoso, concitan cada vez más la atención de la comunidad académica. Al respecto, en este proyecto de investigación nos interesa poner en discusión los trabajos de investigación elaborados hasta el momento en torno al movimiento social ambientalista de Gualeguaychú, no sólo destacando las diferentes perspectivas teóricas construidas respecto al mismo objeto de investigación; sino que además, nos permitan definir los lineamientos específicos a seguir al momento de llevar a cabo la investigación de forma empírica.

NO A LAS PAPELERAS, en torno a la demanda social elaborada por los asambleístas de Gualeguaychú contra la instalación de dos fábricas de celulosa en la localidad de Fray Bentos, República Oriental del Uruguay

El objetivo del proyecto consiste en reconstruir molecularmente la conformación de la "Asamblea Ambiental Ciudadana de Gualeguaychú" desde sus momentos fundacionales e indagar en la demanda social elaborada por los asambleístas de Gualeguaychú en oposición a la posible instalación de dos fábricas de pasta de celulosa, y la efectiva construcción de una de ellas, en la localidad de Fray Bentos, República Oriental del Uruguay. Asimismo, se inscribe en un interés más amplio por enmarcar la lucha ambiental desarrollada por la ciudadanía de Gualeguaychú en los procesos de movilización social protagonizados, en los últimos años en nuestro país, por diversos movimientos sociales organizados en el seno de la sociedad civil en defensa de los bienes naturales y que dado su carácter novedoso, concitan cada vez más la atención de la comunidad académica. Al respecto, en este proyecto de investigación nos interesa poner en discusión los trabajos de investigación elaborados hasta el momento en torno al movimiento social ambientalista de Gualeguaychú, no sólo destacando las diferentes perspectivas teóricas construidas respecto al mismo objeto de investigación; sino que además, nos permitan definir los lineamientos específicos a seguir al momento de llevar a cabo la investigación de forma empírica.

International public goods through integrated natural resources management research in CGIAR partnerships

The CGIAR System conducts research to produce international public goods (IPG) that are of wide applicability creating a scientific base which speeds and broadens local adaptive development. Integrated natural resources management (INRM) research is sometimes seen to be very location specific and consequently does not lend itself readily to the production of IPGs. In this paper we analyse ways in which strategic approaches to INRM research can have broad international applicability and serve as useful foundations for the development of locally adapted technologies. The paper describes the evolution of the IPG concept within the CGIAR and elaborates on five major types of IPGs that have been generated from a varied set of recent INRM research efforts. CGIAR networks have both strengths and weaknesses in INRM research and application, with enormous differences in relative research and development capacities, responsibilities and data access of its partners, making programme process evolution critical to acceptance and participation. Many of the lessons learnt regarding challenges and corresponding IPG research approaches are relevant to designing and managing future multi-scale, multi-locational, coordinated INRM programmes involving broad-based partnerships to address complex environmental and livelihood problems for development.

2012 Emergency Response Guidebook: A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/ Hazardous Materials Transportation Incident,

A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/Hazardous Materials Transportation Incident.

USING ATHLETE ENDORSEMENT IN BRAND POSITIONING – An insight from multinational sports goods companies

It has become a popular method in marketing campaigns to use well-known and admired personalities to promote products. A famous person can draw attention to the brand and change consumers’ perceptions of the brand. The research problem of this study was to offer guidelines on how to use athlete endorsement effectively in brand positioning. This research tried to illustrate how athlete endorsement is a vital brand building factor. Athletes have been found to have special credibility, so this research concentrated on the sports goods industry. Furthermore, athlete endorsement has become a natural part of communicating a sports brand. Athletes highlight the performance of the brand to the consumers. The study was conducted as a qualitative research applying case study method. The two case companies selected for this study were Adidas and Puma. The main findings of the empirical research corresponded to the theoretical framework of the study. Brand positioning strategies in the sports goods industry often include athlete endorsement to some extent. Large multinational companies try to attract the best athletes to promote their brand. The key to successful brand positioning is to have a good product with the right personalities to promote it. However, large multinational companies may face difficulties in localizing their marketing efforts. As a result, global campaigns may not be lucrative everywhere. The role of an expert in an athlete’s sport has resulted in increasing credibility in promoting brands. Creating a superior product in consumers’ minds creates competitive advantage. A top athlete may be linked with superior equipment. After considering the goals of the positioning strategy, companies need to plan their brand awareness process, brand image and brand values. Then, athletes need to be selected based on their characteristics to meet the criteria. Sport sponsorship is a way to support the message delivered through athlete endorsement. Athlete endorsement and sport sponsorship complement the marketing communications mix of a brand. Additionally, companies raise brand awareness and communicate brand image through the athlete. Thus, athletes may earn more money through the sponsorship deals and even feature the advertisements after their professional career. Key words

Legal regime of quality control in goods

It has long been said that market itself is the ideal regulator of all evils that may come up among traders. Free and fair competition among manufacturers in the market will adequately ensure a fair dealing to the consumers. However, these are pious hopes. that markets anywhere in the world could not accomplish so far. Consumers are being sought to be lured by advertisements issued by manufacturers and sellers that are found often false and misleading. Untrue statements and claims about quality and performance of the products virtually deceive them. The plight of the consumers remains as an unheard cry in the wildemess. In this sorry state of affairs, it is quite natural that the consumers look to the governments for a helping hand. It is seen that the governmental endeavours to ensure quality in goods are diversified. Different tools are formulated and put to use, depending upon the requirements necessitated by the facts and circumstances. This thesis is an enquiry into these measures

Publicness of goods and violent conflict : evidence from Colombia

How the degree of publicness of goods affect violent conflict? Based on the theoretical model in Esteban and Ray (2001) we find that the effect of the degree of publicness depends on the group size. When the group is small (large), the degree of publicness increases (decreases) the likelihood of conflict. This opens an empirical question that we tackle using microdata from the Colombian conflict at the municipality level. We use three goods with different publicness degree to identify the sign of the effect of publicness on conflict. These goods are coca crops (private good), road density (public good subject to congestion) and average education quality (a purer public good). After dealing with endogeneity issues using an IV approach, we find that the degree of publicness reduces the likelihood of both paramilitary and guerrilla attacks. Moreover, coca production exacerbates conflict and the provision of both public goods mitigates conflict. These results are robust to size, geographical, and welfare controls. Policies that improve public goods provision will help to fight the onset of conflict.

Natural resource windfalls and efficiency of local government expenditures: evidence from Peru

We study the role of natural resource windfalls in explaining the efficiency of public expenditures. Using a rich dataset of expenditures and public good provision for 1,836 municipalities in Peru for period 2001-2010, we estimate a non-monotonic relationship between the efficiency of public good provision and the level of natural resource transfers. Local governments that were extremely favored by the boom of mineral prices were more efficient in using fiscal windfalls whereas those benefited with modest transfers were more inefficient. These results can be explained by the increase in political competition associated with the boom. However, the fact that increases in efficiency were related to reductions in public good provision casts doubts about the beneficial effects of political competition in promoting efficiency.

Natural resources, redistribution and Human capital formation

How do resource booms affect human capital accumulation? We exploit time and spatial variation generated by the commodity boom across local governments in Peru to measure the effect of natural resources on human capital formation. We explore the effect of both mining production and tax revenues on test scores, finding a substantial and statistically significant effect for the latter. Transfers to local governments from mining tax revenues are linked to an increase in math test scores of around 0.23 standard deviations. We find that the hiring of permanent teachers as well as the increases in parental employment and improvements in health outcomes of adults and children are plausible mechanisms for such large effect on learning. These findings suggest that redistributive policies could facilitate the accumulation of human capital in resource abundant developing countries as a way to avoid the natural resources curse.

Compensation and Rewards for Environmental Services (CRES) and efficient design of contracts in developing countries. Behavioral insights from a natural field experiment

The use of economic incentives for biodiversity (mostly Compensation and Reward for Environmental Services including Payment for ES) has been widely supported in the past decades and became the main innovative policy tools for biodiversity conservation worldwide. These policy tools are often based on the insight that rational actors perfectly weigh the costs and benefits of adopting certain behaviors and well-crafted economic incentives and disincentives will lead to socially desirable development scenarios. This rationalist mode of thought has provided interesting insights and results, but it also misestimates the context by which ‘real individuals’ come to decisions, and the multitude of factors influencing development sequences. In this study, our goal is to examine how these policies can take advantage of some unintended behavioral reactions that might in return impact, either positively or negatively, general policy performances. We test the effect of income's origin (‘Low effort’ based money vs. ‘High effort’ based money) on spending decisions (Necessity vs. Superior goods) and subsequent pro social preferences (Future pro-environmental behavior) within Madagascar rural areas, using a natural field experiment. Our results show that money obtained under low effort leads to different consumption patterns than money obtained under high efforts: superior goods are more salient in the case of low effort money. In parallel, money obtained under low effort leads to subsequent higher pro social behavior. Compensation and rewards policies for ecosystem services may mobilize knowledge on behavioral biases to improve their design and foster positive spillovers on their development goals.

Da administração de pessoal a administração estratégica de recursos humanos: evolução natural ou consequência de uma estratégia empresarial: um estudo de caso

Este trabalho tem por objetivo demonstrar, através de um estudo de caso desenvolvido no Grupo Lachmann, por meio de entrevistas, questionários e workshops realizados junto à diretoria e aos funcionários, que a mudança eficaz ocorrida nas organizações a nível dos modelos de Administração de Recursos Humanos - ARH é fruto de uma estratégia empresarial. O Grupo Lachmann, líder na América Latina, no setor de agenciamento e transporte marítimo de mercadorias, viu-se diante de um impasse com o desaparecimento repentino de seu presidente: seria capaz de responder aos desafios de reestruturações internas, associados às pressões ambientais geradas pela crescente competitividade do setor? A expectativa era que sim. Mas como? Como mudar uma cultura organizacional sem descaracterizar-se? Como proceder a esta mudança e simultaneamente responder, com sucesso, às demandas crescentes de um mercado onde a concorrência se acirra a olhos vistos? A resposta a tais questionamentos foi sendo desenvolvida através de um processo de mudança planejada, onde a área de Recursos Humanos desempenhou um papel-chave realizando suas ações em sintonia com o planejamento estratégico da corporação e contribuindo para o alcance de seus objetivos. O resultado obtido na pesquisa, realizada no Grupo Lachmann, respaldado pelo exame bibliográfico, permite concluir que a ARH tem uma missão importante no contexto das organizações do mundo contemporâneo, porém sua eficácia está vinculada diretamente à integração de seu planejamento ao planejamento estratégico das organizações. Esta associação, por sua vez, não se faz de forma casual, mas é resultado de uma estratégia empresarial onde os aspectos de recursos humanos são projetados no planejamento estratégico da organização, fornecendo elementos valiosos para a tomada de decisão pela alta direção.

Yet another reason to tax goods

When, in a dynamic model, choices by an agent : i) are not observed, and; ii) affect preferences conditional on the realization of types, new and unexpected features come up in Mirrlees’ (1971) optimal taxation frame- work. In the simplest possible model where a non-trivial filtration may be incorporated, we show how these two characteristics make it neces- sary for IC constraints to be defined in terms of strategies rather than pure announcements. Tax prescriptions are derived, and we are able to show that uniform taxation prescription of Atkinson and Stiglitz fails to hold, in general. Clean results regarding capital income taxation are not easy to come about because usual assumption on preferences do not allow for determining which constraints bind at the optimum. However, in the most ’natural’ cases, we show that return on capital ought to be taxed.

Do brazilian states engage in the fiscal war of ports? An empiric study of tax competition and an analysis of a natural experiment: the brazilian senate resolution 13/2012

O fim do ano de 2014 marcou o segundo aniversário da Resolução 13/2012 (R13) do Senado brasileiro. Grosso modo, R13 constituiu-se de um normativo do Senado cujo objetivo era o de por um fim na Guerra Fiscal dos Portos (FWP), uma competição fiscal entre os estados que se dá através da concessão de benefícios fiscais sobre operações interestaduais com mercadorias importadas de modo a atrair empresas importadoras para o território do estado concedente. R13 diminuiu o nível da tributação sobre tais operações, esperando com isso diminuir os lucros auferidos e a propensão das firmas de aceitarem tais regimes especiais de incentivação fiscal. Nada obstante, R13 gerou uma grande discussão sobre se os benefícios da atração de investimentos para um estado em particular superariam ou não os custos que esse estado incorreria em renunciar receitas tributárias em razão concessão desses benefícios fiscais. O objetivo do presente trabalho é o de dar uma contribuição a essa discussão, testando se um comportamento de interação estratégica entre estados, tal como aquele que supostamente ocorre no contexto da FWP, de fato emerge dos dados de importação coletados de janeiro de 2010 a maio de 2015, e, também, testando se a R13 de fato afetou tal comportamento de interação estratégica. Utiliza-se aqui um modelo de econometria espacial, no qual se especifica uma matriz de pesos que agrega o nível de importação das jurisdições concorrentes, organizando os dados em um painel de efeitos fixos. Os resultados sugerem que existe um comportamento de interação estratégica entre os estados e que a R13 de fato impactou tal comportamento.