Using the Big -Five personality factors in the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, California Psychological Inventory, and Inwald Personality Inventory to predict police performance

The purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which the Big-Five personality taxonomy, as represented by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), California Psychological Inventory (CPI), and Inwald Personality Inventory (IPI) scales, predicted a variety of police officer job performance criteria. Data were collected archivally for 270 sworn police officers from a large Southeastern municipality. Predictive data consisted of scores on the MMPI, CPI, and IPI scales as grouped in terms of the Big-Five factors. The overall score on the Wonderlic was included in order to assess criterion variance accounted for by cognitive ability. Additionally, a psychologist's overall rating of predicted job fit was utilized to assess the variance accounted for by a psychological interview. Criterion data consisted of supervisory ratings of overall job performance, State Examination scores, police academy grades, and termination. Based on the literature, it was hypothesized that officers who are higher on Extroversion, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Openness to Experience, and lower on Neuroticism, otherwise known as the Big-Five factors, would outperform their peers across a variety of job performance criteria. Additionally, it was hypothesized that police officers who are higher in cognitive ability and masculinity, and lower in mania would also outperform their counterparts. Results indicated that many of the Big-Five factors, namely, Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Openness to Experience, were predictive of several of the job performance criteria. Such findings imply that the Big-Five is a useful predictor of police officer job performance. Study limitations and implications for future research are discussed. ^

A known-groups evaluation of the Response Bias Scale in a neuropsychological setting

We evaluated the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Second Edition (MMPI-2) Response Bias Scale (RBS). Archival data from 83 individuals who were referred for neuropsychological assessment with no formal diagnosis (n = 10), following a known or suspected traumatic brain injury (n = 36), with a psychiatric diagnosis (n = 20), or with a history of both trauma and a psychiatric condition (n = 17) were retrieved. The criteria for malingered neurocognitive dysfunction (MNCD) were applied, and two groups of participants were formed: poor effort (n = 15) and genuine responders (n = 68). Consistent with previous studies, the difference in scores between groups was greatest for the RBS (d = 2.44), followed by two established MMPI-2 validity scales, F (d = 0.25) and K (d = 0.23), and strong significant correlations were found between RBS and F (rs = .48) and RBS and K (r = −.41). When MNCD group membership was predicted using logistic regression, the RBS failed to add incrementally to F. In a separate regression to predict group membership, K added significantly to the RBS. Receiver-operating curve analysis revealed a nonsignificant area under the curve statistic, and at the ideal cutoff in this sample of >12, specificity was moderate (.79), sensitivity was low (.47), and positive and negative predictive power values at a 13% base rate were .25 and .91, respectively. Although the results of this study require replication because of a number of limitations, this study has made an important first attempt to report RBS classification accuracy statistics for predicting poor effort at a range of base rates.

O caso do Marco

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Psicologia, especialização em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde.

Depressed mood and dietary fish intake: Direct relationship or indirect relationship as a result of diet and lifestyle?

Previous studies have suggested an association between depressed mood and the dietary intake of fish. In all cases, however, dietary fish intake has been considered at the exclusion of all other aspects of the diet. This analysis investigates associations between depressed mood and dietary fish intake, while also concurrently investigating intake of a number of other dietary components. The analysis is conducted on data from 10,602 men from Northern Ireland and France screened for inclusion into the PRIME cohort study. Depressed mood was assessed using a self-report questionnaire based on the Welsh Pure Depression sub-scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, diet was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire, and limited demographics were also measured. Using regression, depressed mood is initially inversely associated with dietary fish intake. On inclusion of all other dietary variables, the strength of this relationship reduces but remains, and significant associations with a number of other foods are also found. On additional inclusion of all demographic variables, the strength of the above relationships again reduces, and associations with various measures of socio-economic status and education are also significant. These findings suggest that depressed mood is associated with fish intake both directly, and indirectly as part of a diet that is associated with depression and as part of a lifestyle that is associated with depression. Additional support for these conclusions is also provided in the pattern of associations between depressed mood and diet in the two countries. The relative contributions of fish intake to depressed mood both directly and indirectly are yet to be determined. However, while diet is not measured and until lifestyle can be adequately measured, the potential roles of diet and lifestyle in the association between depressed mood and dietary fish intake should not be ignored.

A comparison of electrophysiological changes during the sleep onset period of psychophysiological insomniacs, psychiatric insomniacs and normal sleepers

The EEG of the sleep onset period of psychophysiological insomniacs, psychiatric insomniacs and controls was compared using power spectral analysis (FFT). Eighteen drug-free subjects were equally divided into three groups according to their responses in the Brock Sleep and Insomnia Questionnaire, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and the Sleep Disorders Questionnaire. Group 1 consisted of psychophysiological insomniacs, group 2 included insomniacs with an indication of psychiatric disturbances, and group 3 was a control group. EEG, EOG and EMG were recorded for two consecutive nights. Power spectral analysis (FFT) of EEG at C4 from the sleep onset period (defined as lights out to the first five minutes of stage 2) was performed on all standard frequency bands, delta: .5-4 Hz; theta: 4-8 Hz; alpha: 8-12 Hz; sigma: 12-15 Hz beta: 15-25 Hz. Psychophysiological insomniacs had less alpha during wakefulness than the other two groups and did not show the dramatic drop in alpha across the sleep onset period, which characterizes normal sleep. They also had less delta, especially during stage 2 on night 2. They also showed less delta in the last quartile of the chronological analysis of the sleep onset period. Psychiatric insomniacs showed lower relative beta power values overall while psychophysiological insomniacs showed higher relative beta power values during wakefulness. This microanalysis 11 confirms that the sleep onset period is generally similar for psychiatric insomniacs and normal sleepers. This may be due to the sample of psychiatric insomniacs being heterogeneous or may reflect a sleep onset system that is essentially intact. Psychophysiological insomniacs have higher cortical arousal during the sleep onset period than do the psychiatric insomniacs and the controls. Clear differences in the sleep onset period of psychophysiological insomniacs exist. The dramatic changes in power values in these two groups are not seen in the psychophysiological insomniacs, which may make the discrimination between wakefulness and sleep more difficult.

Efectividad del tratamiento con neurofeedback en trastornos del estado del ánimo, ansiedad y fibromialgia: una revisión de literatura

El neurofeedback es una técnica no invasiva en la que se pretende corregir, mediante condicionamiento operante, ondas cerebrales que se encuentren alteradas en el electroencefalograma. Desde 1967, se han conducido numerosas investigaciones relacionadas con los efectos de la técnica en el tratamiento de alteraciones psicológicas. Sin embargo, a la fecha no existen revisiones sistemáticas que reúnan los temas que serán aquí tratados. El aporte de este trabajo es la revisión de 56 artículos, publicados entre los años 1995 y 2013 y la evaluación metodológica de 29 estudios incluidos en la revisión. La búsqueda fue acotada a la efectividad del neurofeedback en el tratamiento de depresión, ansiedad, trastorno obsesivo compulsivo (TOC), ira y fibromialgia. Los hallazgos demuestran que el neurofeedback ha tenido resultados positivos en el tratamiento de estos trastornos, sin embargo, es una técnica que aún está en desarrollo, con unas bases teóricas no muy bien establecidas y cuyos resultados necesitan de diseños metodológicamente más sólidos que ratifiquen su validez.

Grup d'entrenament en habilitats socials. 'Grupo de entrenamiento en habilidades sociales'.

Determinar los elementos que constituyen una conducta social. Determinar como se relacionan determinados aspectos de una conducta para producir una conducta social habilidosa.. 10 sujetos entre 18 y 30 años con nivel socio-cultural medio-alto y problemas de incorporación social.. Entrevista y evaluación en tres areas: ansiedad social, cognisciones y actuación propia. EMES_M, AI, SAD, FNE.. Entrevista de Arkowitz, 1981, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Beck Depression Inventary.. Gráficos de barras y circulares, tablas.. Los resultados se presentan a modo de gráficos. Existen vinculaciones dadas como significativas a través de un porcentaje que vincula un test a un aspecto de la personalidad, sin una más amplia definición.. Prueba básicamente empírica que engloba los resultados anteriores y posteriores a un adiestramiento en 'habilidades sociales'. Cualquier cuestionario es desglosado en función de los resultados significativos obtenidos en cada test..

Relaci??n entre el MMPI y el HSPQ en una muestra de adolescentes

Estudiar los factores de la personalidad mediante un estudio experimental. 141 sujetos de Las Palmas, 79 son chicas y 62 chicos. Todos realizan estudios en centros estatales de ense??anza media, en los cursos de COU, tercero y segundo de BUP. Ofrece unos presupuestos te??ricos centrados en la teor??a factorialista de Cattell y su af??n de estudiar cient??ficamente la personalidad, m??s una breve exposici??n de la nomenclatura y de la utilidad que tienen los dos tests que va a utilizar en el estudio experimental. Despu??s explica en qu?? consiste dicho estudio y concluye con los resultados obtenidos en un estudio de casos. Cuestionarios Hight School Personality Questionnaire (HSPQ) y Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Se aplican las pruebas HSPQ y MMPI y despu??s se analizan los resultados hallando la media del grupo femenino y la del masculino para obtener las diferencias existentes en la personalidad de ambos grupos. Para obtener mayor informaci??n sobre las dimensiones de la personalidad se realiza un estudio de casos. 1) En los resultados generales de grupo se deduce que: a) En las chicas se da una mayor sensibilidad e impaciencia, con ciertos sentimientos de inseguridad, reflejando sus problemas psicol??gicos a trav??s de la somatizaci??n; b) Los chicos poseen una mayor estabilidad emocional, son m??s dominantes y competitivos, dados a la acci??n y m??s resueltos en sus decisiones, aunque no se valoran en sus aut??nticas posibilidades. Mientras que los resultados en el estudio de casos: a) El perfil del sujeto femenino destaca por su gran iniciativa, optimismo, decisi??n, sociabilidad y no se encuentra atada por las costumbres sociales que le rodean, mostr??ndose rebelde con la autoridad, inconforme con el ambiente, agresiva e individualista. Adem??s presenta un Yo fuerte, estable, con ausencia de depresiones y con una normal preocupaci??n por la salud; b) El perfil masculino demuestra un sujeto acogedor y dispuesto a la cooperaci??n, con inteligencia general algo superior a la media. Tiene una considerable fuerza del Yo, es emocionalmente maduro y estable y con un temperamento bastante reflexivo. Pero presenta cierta dependencia del grupo y la b??squeda de aprobaci??n por un lado, y el deseo de autosuficiencia por otro. 1) La aplicaci??n del HSPQ ha permitido, por la asociaci??n con las escalas del MMPI, orientar de alguna manera las posibilidades cl??nicas de descripci??n de los factores de Cattell, a pesar de ser un test encaminado, m??s bien, a detectar la personalidad en sus formulaciones positivas de equilibrio y madurez. 2) Se confirma la orientaci??n bipolar de los factores del HSPQ, con las correlaciones positivas o negativas con el MMPI; al mismo tiempo que se apoyan o refutan las orientaciones positivas y negativas, respecto de la personalidad. 3) Igualmente en el MMPI, a trav??s de las correlaciones y sobre todo por medio del an??lisis factorial, se ha podido comprobar, c??mo no existe una enfermedad o desviaci??n psicopatol??gica por antonomasia, sino que se forma un conglomerado con todas ellas, aunque llevan un matiz definido.

Estudio teórico-práctico de la personalidad.

Estudiar la personalidad. 296 sujetos de Gijón, 191 son universitarios masculinos y 105 alumnas de sexto de bachillerato femenino. Expone unos presupuestos generales sobre la personalidad, analiza las teorías acerca de la misma, estudia científicamente la personalidad a través de la teoría de R.B. Cattell y de su cuestionario (HSPQ), y explica en qué consiste el Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Después realiza un trabajo experimental sobre la personalidad aplicando las pruebas citadas a estudiantes de Gijón. High School Personality Questionnaire (HSPQ) y Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). La aplicación del HSPQ permite, por la asociación con las escalas de MMPI, comprobar de alguna manera las posibilidades clínicas de descripción de los factores de Cattell. 1) La histeria se da más en la muestra femenina, mientras que la psicastenia abunda en mayor medida en la masculina. 2) En la inteligencia, hay mayor dispersión entre los hombres, y hay mayor concentración sobre una media superior en las mujeres. 3) La estabilidad emocional favorece a las mujeres, mientras que la tensión aprensiva y la autosuficiencia destacan en los hombres. 1) El análisis factorial que se ha realizado sobre las variables de Cattell ha confirmado la línea de factores y de agrupaciones factoriales en notas de personalidad tal como las recoge, esencialmente, el manual. 2) Se ve confirmada la orientación bipolar de los factores HSPQ con las correlaciones positivas o negativas con el MMPI, al mismo tiempo que se destacan las orientaciones positivas o negativas, respecto de la personalidad, de las puntuaciones altas obtenidas en los diversos factores.

Critical indicators associated with negative performance in a selectively manned unit

Introduction. Selectively manned units have a long, international history, both military and civilian. Some examples include SWAT teams, firefighters, the FBI, the DEA, the CIA, and military Special Operations. These special duty operators are individuals who perform a highly skilled and dangerous job in a unique environment. A significant amount of money is spent by the Department of Defense (DoD) and other federal agencies to recruit, select, train, equip and support these operators. When a critical incident or significant life event occurs, that jeopardizes an operator's performance; there can be heavy losses in terms of training, time, money, and potentially, lives. In order to limit the number of critical incidents, selection processes have been developed over time to “select out” those individuals most likely to perform below desired performance standards under pressure or stress and to "select in" those with the "right stuff". This study is part of a larger program evaluation to assess markers that identify whether a person will fail under the stresses in a selectively manned unit. The primary question of the study is whether there are indicators in the selection process that signify potential negative performance at a later date. ^ Methods. The population being studied included applicants to a selectively manned DoD organization between 1993 and 2001 as part of a unit assessment and selection process (A&S). Approximately 1900 A&S records were included in the analysis. Over this nine year period, seventy-two individuals were determined to have had a critical incident. A critical incident can come in the form of problems with the law, personal, behavioral or family problems, integrity issues, and skills deficit. Of the seventy-two individuals, fifty-four of these had full assessment data and subsequent supervisor performance ratings which assessed how an individual performed while on the job. This group was compared across a variety of variables including demographics and psychometric testing with a group of 178 individuals who did not have a critical incident and had been determined to be good performers with positive ratings by their supervisors.^ Results. In approximately 2004, an online pre-screen survey was developed in the hopes of preselecting out those individuals with items that would potentially make them ineligible for selection to this organization. This survey has aided the organization to increase its selection rates and save resources in the process. (Patterson, Howard Smith, & Fisher, Unit Assessment and Selection Project, 2008) When the same prescreen was used on the critical incident individuals, it was found that over 60% of the individuals would have been flagged as unacceptable. This would have saved the organization valuable resources and heartache.^ There were some subtle demographic differences between the two groups (i.e. those with critical incidents were almost twice as likely to be divorced compared with the positive performers). Upon comparison of Psychometric testing several items were noted to be different. The two groups were similar when their IQ levels were compared using the Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB). When looking at the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), there appeared to be a difference on the MMPI Social Introversion; the Critical Incidence group scored somewhat higher. When analysis was done, the number of MMPI Critical Items between the two groups was similar as well. When scores on the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO) were compared, the critical incident individuals tended to score higher on Openness and on its subscales (Ideas, Actions, and Feelings). There was a positive correlation between Total Neuroticism T Score and number of MMPI critical items.^ Conclusions. This study shows that the current pre-screening process is working and would have saved the organization significant resources. ^ If one was to develop a profile of a candidate who potentially could suffer a critical incident and subsequently jeopardize the unit, mission and the safety of the public they would look like the following: either divorced or never married, score high on the MMPI in Social Introversion, score low on MMPI with an "excessive" amount of MMPI critical items; and finally scores high on the NEO Openness and subscales Ideas, Feelings, and Actions.^ Based on the results gleaned from the analysis in this study there seems to be several factors, within psychometric testing, that when taken together, will aid the evaluators in selecting only the highest quality operators in order to save resources and to help protect the public from unfortunate critical incidents which may adversely affect our health and safety.^

Interpreting Empirical Assessments from a Behavioral Perspective: A Rationale for Why and How

This paper provides a rationale on why and how to utilize assessment tools effectively within the behavioral framework through idiographic assessment. Empirical assessment instruments can provide guidance to the behaviorist that may prove useful in the idiographic formation of a behaviorally-based treatment plan. The paper will focus on two of the major traditional instrument tools, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and the Rorschach inkblot test.

Personality profile of male adolescents with Tourette syndrome:a controlled study

Tourette syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple tics and commonly associated with behavioral problems, especially obsessive-compulsive disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The presence of specific personality traits has been documented in adult clinical populations with Tourette syndrome but has been underresearched in younger patients. We assessed the personality profiles of 17 male adolescents with Tourette syndrome and 51 age- and gender-matched healthy controls using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent version, along with a standardized psychometric battery. All participants scored within the normal range across all Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent version scales. Patients with Tourette syndrome scored significantly higher than healthy controls on the Obsessiveness Content Scale only (P = .046). Our findings indicate that younger male patients with Tourette syndrome do not report abnormal personality traits and have similar personality profiles to healthy peers, with the exception of obsessionality traits, which are likely to be related to the presence of comorbid obsessive compulsive symptoms rather than tics.

Job seekers in New York State; an inventory of the active file of the New York State Employment Service by occupation, industry, age, and sex. Part 3, Relief and WPA registrants.

Mode of access: Internet.

Alternative Factor Models and Heritability of the Short Leyton Obsessional Inventory-Children's Version

An alternative models framework was used to test three confirmatory factor analytic models for the Short Leyton Obsessional Inventory-Children's Version (Short LOI-CV) in a general population sample of 517 young adolescent twins (11-16 years). A one-factor model as implicit in current classification systems of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), a two-factor obsessions and compulsions model, and a multidimensional model corresponding to the three proposed subscales of the Short LOI-CV (labelled Obsessions/Incompleteness, Numbers/Luck and Cleanliness) were considered. The three-factor model was the only model to provide an adequate explanation of the data. Twin analyses suggested significant quantitative sex differences in heritability for both the Obsessions/Incompleteness and Numbers/Luck dimensions with these being significantly heritable in males only (heritability of 60% and 65% respectively). The correlation between the additive genetic effects for these two dimensions in males was 0.95 suggesting they largely share the same genetic risk factors.