Charcot`s arthropathy secondary to herpetic encephalitis sequelae: an unusual presentation

Neuropathic arthropathy (Charcot`s arthropathy) is a progressive articular disease associated with a reduced sensorial and protector proprioceptive reflex. Its etiology includes many different conditions such as syringomyelia, traumatic lesion causing medullary deformity, spina bifida, diabetic neuropathy, leprosy neuropathy, neurofibromatosis, amyloid neuropathy, alcohol, and repetitive injection of hydrocortisone into joints, among others. However, the relationship between Charcot`s arthropathy and herpetic encephalitis has not yet been described. Herpes encephalitis causes acute and chronic diseases of the peripheral or central nervous system. It can manifest as subacute encephalitis, recurrent meningitis, or myelitis. It can also resemble psychiatric syndromes, diplopia, sensory changes in the face and limbs, personality changes, frontal dysexecutive syndrome, stiff neck, subclinical alterations of the vestibular function, intracranial hypertension, convulsion, hemiparesis, and generally includes motor components, among others. On the other hand, pure peripheral sensory disturbance has not been described. In this article, we report the clinical case of a patient with Charcot`s arthropathy secondary to pure peripheral sensory polyneuropathy as a consequence of progressive herpetic encephalitis sequelae. In this article, the authors report the first case of Charcot`s arthropathy secondary to herpetic encephalitis.

Reorganização dos ajustes posturais antecipatórios do tibial anterior e do solear no início da marcha, em pacientes com AVE, face a uma intervenção de fisioterapia baseada no conceito de Bobath

Introdução: os APA´s ocorrem imediatamente antes do movimento e preparam-no tornando-o mais harmonioso e eficiente. Os pacientes com lesão do SNC apresentam frequentemente alterações no sistema de controlo postural interferindo significativamente nas suas AVD´s, como no início da marcha. Objetivo: descrever as alterações no tempo de ativação e sequência de ativação muscular do TA e do SOL no início da marcha em pacientes com AVE, face a uma intervenção em fisioterapia. Metodologia: A avaliação realizou-se antes e após um programa de intervenção, segundo a abordagem do Conceito de Bobath, através da electromiografia, plataforma de forças e máquina fotográfica para a avaliação do tempo de ativação muscular do tibial anterior e do solear no início da marcha. Recorreu-se também à Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade e à Fulg-Mayer Assessment of Motor Recovery after Stroke. Resultados: Obteve-se uma diminuição dos valores registados pela EMG nos tempos de ativação muscular do TA e do SOL bilateralmente, e alterações na sequência de ativação. Verificaram-se modificações nos resultados da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade e da Fulg-Mayer Assessment of Motor Recovery after Stroke. Conclusão: O programa de intervenção segundo o Conceito de Bobath, induziu mudanças nos tempos de ativação muscular e na sequência de ativação dos músculos TA e SOL no início da marcha em pacientes com AVE.

Controlo postural na sequência de movimento de sentado para de pé em crianças com alterações do desenvolvimento neuromotor

A Sequência de Movimento de Sentado para de Pé (SMSP) é um marco importante na independência funcional da criança, sendo a sua qualidade afetada em casos de alteração do controlo postural do tronco. É por isso motivo de especial foco neste estudo, como elemento avaliativo e interventivo. Este estudo tem como objetivo a análise da modificação de componentes motores relacionados com o controlo postural, durante a SMSP, em 5 crianças com alterações neuromotoras, face à aplicação de um programa de intervenção baseado no Tratamento de Neuro Desenvolvimento (TND). Foi para tal utilizada a análise cinemática da SMSP - nomeadamente as variáveis “variação do deslocamento dos segmentos cabeça e tronco” e “variação do ângulo perna-pé” entre o momento inicial e o seat-off – complementada com a aplicação do Teste de Medida da Função Motora 88 (TMFM-88) e a Classificação Internacional da Funcionalidade Incapacidade e Saúde-Versão Crianças e Jovens (CIF-CJ), bem como a avaliação de componentes de movimento com recurso a registo de imagem. A análise cinemática demonstrou uma diminuição do deslocamento dos segmentos cabeça e tronco na maioria dos casos, bem como uma maior mobilidade da tíbia sobre pé. Verificou-se um aumento do score final do TMFM-88, em todos os casos. A CIF-CJ não evidenciou alterações entre o início e o término do período de intervenção. O registo de imagem demonstrou alterações positivas visíveis no alinhamento de segmentos, nível de atividade, controlo postural, e recurso a estratégias compensatórias no conjunto postural sentado e na SMSP. Após o período de intervenção as crianças deste estudo evidenciaram modificações positivas nas variáveis em estudo, nomeadamente 1) diminuição do deslocamento dos segmentos cabeça e tronco na fase inicial da SMSP, 2) aumento da variação do ângulo perna-pé na fase inicial da SMSP, 3) aumento do score total da TMFM-88, 4) alteração positiva dos componentes de movimento alinhamento de segmentos e nível de atividade e 5) redução do recurso a estratégias compensatórias de movimento na SMSP. Estas modificações sugerem um controlo postural mais eficiente.

Els jocs populars i tradicionals a les classes d'educació física de primària i secundària de Guatemala

El jocs populars i tradicionals són un element educatiu i cultural molt important. Des de sempre han estat una font d’activitat física i comporten tota una sèrie de components motors i de valors que haurien de ser tinguts en compte a l’hora d’incloure’ls a les sessions d’educació física. Aquest estudi té com a objectiu conèixer la situació d’aquesta tipologia de jocs a les sessions d’educació física de dos centres educatius del municipi de San Juan la Laguna. Alhora es pretén comparar el paper que tenen els jocs populars i tradicionals en un centre de primària i en un de secundària de la població esmentada. A través de l’anàlisi dels currículums, de l’observació de les sessions d’educació física i de les entrevistes amb diversos docents, s’arriba a la conclusió que les pràctiques lúdiques populars i tradicionals tenen poca presència a l’educació física guatemalenca.

Adaptive tuning of perceptual timing to whole body motion.

In a previous work we have shown that sinusoidal whole-body rotations producing continuous vestibular stimulation, affected the timing of motor responses as assessed with a paced finger tapping (PFT) task (Binetti et al. (2010). Neuropsychologia, 48(6), 1842-1852). Here, in two new psychophysical experiments, one purely perceptual and one with both sensory and motor components, we explored the relationship between body motion/vestibular stimulation and perceived timing of acoustic events. In experiment 1, participants were required to discriminate sequences of acoustic tones endowed with different degrees of acceleration or deceleration. In this experiment we found that a tone sequence presented during acceleratory whole-body rotations required a progressive increase in rate in order to be considered temporally regular, consistent with the idea of an increase in "clock" frequency and of an overestimation of time. In experiment 2 participants produced self-paced taps, which entailed an acoustic feedback. We found that tapping frequency in this task was affected by periodic motion by means of anticipatory and congruent (in-phase) fluctuations irrespective of the self-generated sensory feedback. On the other hand, synchronizing taps to an external rhythm determined a completely opposite modulation (delayed/counter-phase). Overall this study shows that body displacements "remap" our metric of time, affecting not only motor output but also sensory input.

Simulation of dynamic pinion course using Runge-Kutta's method and impact modeling

Once defined the relationship between the Starter Motor components and their functions, it is possible to develop a mathematical model capable to predict the Starter behavior during operation. One important aspect is the engagement system behavior. The development of a mathematical tool capable of predicting it is a valuable step in order to reduce the design time, cost and engineering efforts. A mathematical model, represented by differential equations, can be developed using physics laws, evaluating force balance and energy flow through the systems degrees of freedom. Another important physical aspect to be considered in this modeling is the impact conditions (particularly on the pinion and ring-gear contact). This work is a report of those equations application on available mathematical software and the resolution of those equations by Runge-Kutta's numerical integration method, in order to build an accessible engineering tool. Copyright © 2011 SAE International.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy in ankles and feet: muscle strength and plantar pressure

This study aims to evaluate and correlate the vascular, sensory and motor components related to the plantar surface in individuals with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. 68 patients were categorized into two groups: 28 in the neuropathic group and 40 in the control group. In each patient, we assessed: circulation and peripheral perfusion of the lower limbs; somatosensory sensitivity; ankle muscle strength; and pressure on the plantar surface in static, dynamic and gait states. We used the Mann-Whitney test and analysis of variance (ANOVA and MANOVA) for comparison between groups, and performed Pearson and Spearman linear correlations amongst the variables (P < 0.05). The somatosensory sensitivity, peripheral circulation and ankle muscle strength were reduced in the neuropathic group. In full peak plantar pressures, no differences were seen between groups, but differences did appear when the foot surface was divided into regions (forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot). In the static condition, the plantar surface area was greater in the neuropathic group. In the dynamic state, peak pressures in the neuropathic group, were higher in the forefoot and lower in the hindfoot, as well as lower in the hindfoot during gait. There were positive or negative correlations between the sensitivity deficit, dorsal ankle flexor strength, plantar surface area, and peak pressure by plantar region. The sensitivity deficit contributed to the increased plantar surface area.

Capsular warning syndrome mimicking a jacksonian sensory march

A 57-year-old man, operated eight years before for a left frontal falx meningioma, presented with short lasting, stereotyped episodes of paresthesias ascending from the right foot to the hand. A diagnosis of somatosensory seizures with jacksonian march was made. The patient was given antiepilectics but 5 days later, a few hours after another paresthesic episodes, he developed right hemiplegia, hemianesthesia and dysartria due to an infarct of left capsular posterior limb. We deem that in this patient the paresthesic episodes were more likely an expression of a capsular warning syndrome than of parietal epilepsy because of the frontal localization of the surgical lesion, the absence of motor components in all episodes, the negativity of repeated EEG, and the lack of recurrences after stroke. In capsular warning syndrome sensory symptoms mimicking a jacksonian march can be due to ischemic depolarization progressively recruiting the somatotopically arranged sensory fibers in the posterior capsular limb.

Different visual exploration of tool-related gestures in left hemisphere brain damaged patients is associated with poor gestural imitation.

According to the direct matching hypothesis, perceived movements automatically activate existing motor components through matching of the perceived gesture and its execution. The aim of the present study was to test the direct matching hypothesis by assessing whether visual exploration behavior correlate with deficits in gestural imitation in left hemisphere damaged (LHD) patients. Eighteen LHD patients and twenty healthy control subjects took part in the study. Gesture imitation performance was measured by the test for upper limb apraxia (TULIA). Visual exploration behavior was measured by an infrared eye-tracking system. Short videos including forty gestures (20 meaningless and 20 communicative gestures) were presented. Cumulative fixation duration was measured in different regions of interest (ROIs), namely the face, the gesturing hand, the body, and the surrounding environment. Compared to healthy subjects, patients fixated significantly less the ROIs comprising the face and the gesturing hand during the exploration of emblematic and tool-related gestures. Moreover, visual exploration of tool-related gestures significantly correlated with tool-related imitation as measured by TULIA in LHD patients. Patients and controls did not differ in the visual exploration of meaningless gestures, and no significant relationships were found between visual exploration behavior and the imitation of emblematic and meaningless gestures in TULIA. The present study thus suggests that altered visual exploration may lead to disturbed imitation of tool related gestures, however not of emblematic and meaningless gestures. Consequently, our findings partially support the direct matching hypothesis.

Parkinson's disease severity and motor subtype influence physical capacity components

The severity of Parkinson's disease (PD) and PD's motor subtypes influence the components of physical capacity. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of both PD severity and motor subtype in the performance of these components. Thirty-six PD patients were assigned into four groups: Tremor (TD) initial and TD mild, akinetic-rigid (AR) initial, and AR mild. Patients' strength, balance, coordination, mobility and aerobic capacity were evaluated and groups were compared using a two-way ANOVA (severity and subtype as factors). AR presents a poorer performance than TD in almost all tests. Also this performance was worsened with the advance of the disease in AR, contrary to TD. We conclude that AR and TD subgroups are different about their performance on physical capacity components, moreover, this performance worsens with the advance of the disease of the AR group, but not for TD.

Hand receipt manual covering end item/components of end item (COEI), basic issue items (BII), and additional authorization list (AAL) related to compressor, reciprocating, air, receiver, mounted, electric motor driven, 5 cfm, 175 psi (Champion Pneumatic model 60CAW20HM-1) (national stock no. 4310-00-930-7147) ...

"February 1979."

Hand receipt manual covering end item/components of end item (COEI), basic issue items (BII), and additional authorization list (AAL) related to compressor, air, reciprocating, electric motor driven, receiver- mounted, 2 hp, 5 cfm, 175 psi (Ingersoll-Rand model 234C2) ...

"February 1979."

Hand receipt covering contents of Components of End Item (COEI), Basic Issue Items (BII), and Additional Authorization List (AAL) for tank and pump unit, liquid dispensing; for truck mounting mil design tank and pump units, gasoline engine driven, model (97403) 13217E7100, NSN 4930-00-426-9960, electric motor driven, model (97403) 13217E7130, NSN 4930-01-130-7281.

"7 October 1988."

Experiments in time:exploring the components of motor timing behaviour in dyslexia

This investigation aimed to pinpoint the elements of motor timing control that are responsible for the increased variability commonly found in children with developmental dyslexia on paced or unpaced motor timing tasks (Chapter 3). Such temporal processing abilities are thought to be important for developing the appropriate phonological representations required for the development of literacy skills. Similar temporal processing difficulties arise in other developmental disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Motor timing behaviour in developmental populations was examined in the context of models of typical human timing behaviour, in particular the Wing-Kristofferson model, allowing estimation of the contribution of different timing control systems, namely timekeeper and implementation systems (Chapter 2 and Methods Chapters 4 and 5). Research examining timing in populations with dyslexia and ADHD has been inconsistent in the application of stimulus parameters and so the first investigation compared motor timing behaviour across different stimulus conditions (Chapter 6). The results question the suitability of visual timing tasks which produced greater performance variability than auditory or bimodal tasks. Following an examination of the validity of the Wing-Kristofferson model (Chapter 7) the model was applied to time series data from an auditory timing task completed by children with reading difficulties and matched control groups (Chapter 8). Expected group differences in timing performance were not found, however, associations between performance and measures of literacy and attention were present. Results also indicated that measures of attention and literacy dissociated in their relationships with components of timing, with literacy ability being correlated with timekeeper variance and attentional control with implementation variance. It is proposed that these timing deficits associated with reading difficulties are attributable to central timekeeping processes and so the contribution of error correction to timing performance was also investigated (Chapter 9). Children with lower scores on measures of literacy and attention were found to have a slower or failed correction response to phase errors in timing behaviour. Results from the series of studies suggest that the motor timing difficulty in poor reading children may stem from failures in the judgement of synchrony due to greater tolerance of uncertainty in the temporal processing system.

Desenvolvimento motor : analise do saltar e cair e do subir e descer em crianças de 24 a 36 meses de idade frequentadoras de creches municipais

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física