al- Azhār al-ʻāṭirah al-anfās bi-dhikr baʻḍ maḥāsin quṭb al-Maghrib wa-tāj madīnat Fās

li-Abī Abd ʻAllāh Muḥammad ibn Jaʻfar ibn Idrīs al-Ḥasanī al-Idrīsī al-Kattānī.

al- Khulāṣah al-naqīyah fī umarāʼ Ifrīqīyah: wa-maʻahu ʻUqūd al-farāʼid fī tadhyīl al-Khulāṣah wa-fawāʼid al-rāʼid lil-muʼallif ayḍan

taʼlīf Abī ʻAbd Allāh Muḥammad al-Bājī al-Masʻūdī.

Tārīkh al-dawlatayn al-Muwaḥḥidīyah wa-al-Ḥafṣīyah

taʼlīf Abī ʻAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Luʼluʼī al-maʻrūf bi-al-Zarkashī.

A species-level supertree of Crocodyliformes

With fossils found worldwide, Crocodyliformes stands as one of the best documented vertebrates over the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The multiple phylogenetic hypotheses of relationship proposed for the group allow plenty of space for contentious results, partially due to the small overlapping of taxa and disagreeing homology statements among studies. We present two supertrees of Crocodyliformes, based on different protocols of source tree selection, summarising phylogenetic data for the group into a 'synthetic consensus'. The consensus of the most parsimonious trees, containing 184 terminal taxa, has a remarkably well-resolved branching structure, which may serve as a framework for further macroevolutionary studies. In addition, the IterPCR script was for the first time used in the supertree context to build a reduced consensus tree with the pruning of unstable taxa.

Hādhā mukhtaṣar Īḍāḥ al-burhān wa-al-ḥujjah fī tafḍīl thaghr Ṭanjah al-durrah al-thamīnah al-bahīyah ṣānahā Allāh rabb al-barīyah min kull sūʼ wa-balīyah

li-Ḥ Gh L.

al- Rawḍ al-hatūn fī akhbār Maknāsat al-Zaytūn

li-Abī ʻAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʻAlī ibn Ghāzī.

Tārīkh al-Muslimīn min ṣāḥib sharīʻat al-Islām Abī al-Qāsim Muḥammad ilá Dawlat al-Atābakīyah =: Historia saracenica, qua res gestae Muslimorum, inde a Muhammede primo imperij & religionis muslimicæ auctore, usque ad initium imperij Atabacaei, per XLIX imperatorum successionem fidelissimè explicantur. Insertis etiam passim christianorum rebus in orientis potissimum ecclesijs eodem tempore gestis

arabicè olim exarata à Georgio Elmacino ... et latinè reddita operâ ac studio Thomae Erpenii. Accedit & Roderici Ximenez ... Historia Arabum, longè accuratius, quam antè, è manuscripto codice expressa.

Double trouble: French colonialism in Morocco and the early history of the Pasteur institutes of Tangier and Casablanca (1895-1932)

Morocco was the last North African country in which a Pasteur institute was created, nearly two decades later than in Tunisia and Algeria. In fact, two institutes were opened, the first in Tangier in 1913 and the second in Casablanca in 1932. This duplication, far from being a measure of success, was the material expression of the troubles Pastorians had experienced in getting a solid foothold in the country since the late 19th century. These problems partly derived from the pre-existence of a modest Spanish-Moroccan bacteriological tradition, developed since the late 1880s within the framework of the Sanitary Council and Hygiene Commission of Tangier, and partly from the uncoordinated nature of the initiatives launched from Paris and Algiers. Although a Pasteur Institute was finally established, with Paul Remlinger as director, the failure of France to impose its colonial rule over the whole country, symbolized by the establishment of an international regime in Tangier, resulted in the creation of a second centre in Casablanca. While elucidating many hitherto unclear facts about the entangled origins of both institutes, the author points to the solidity of the previously independent Moroccan state as a major factor behind the troubled translation of Pastorianism to Morocco. Systematically dismissed or downplayed by colonial and postcolonial historiography, this solidity disrupted the French takeover of the country and therefore Pastorian expectations.

Typical reggaeton in Morocco: forms of female political affirmation throught dance

Through an ethnographic account, this text analyses how social dance may become a discourse involving the cultural affirmation of a subordinate group. It describes how a group of girls faced with a complex of outlooks that construed them as Moroccan, Muslim or unattractive —or as objects of education and intervention— responded by affirming their own culture with an unanticipated corporal discourse. The way in which looking construes bodies is explored through metaphors: a hand that touches, a chisel that sculpts, a whip that lashes and a cobweb that controls and traps bodies. Owing to this political dimension of dance, workshops can also be an oppressive and silencing tool; to prevent this, the article concludes with a series of recommendations to implement dance in social intervention processes.

Life history variation in Dasya ocellata (Dasyaceae, Rhodophyta)

Four of the five members of the Dasyaceae found in the British Isles, Dasya corymbifera J. Agardh, Dasya hutchinsiae Harvey, Dasya punicea Meneghini ex Zanardini and Heterosiphonia plumosa (Ellis) Batters, appear to have Polysiphonia-type life histories on the basis of evidence from field collections of tetrasporophytes and gametophytes. In collections from the British Isles of the fifth species, Dasya ocellata (Grateloup) Harvey, only tetrasporophytes have ever been observed, but there are two reports of gametophytes in this species from further south in Europe. Dasya ocellata tetraspores were isolated into culture from populations in Strangford Lough, Northern Ireland, and Agadir, Morocco, where one female thallus was collected amongst tetrasporophytes. Dasya ocellata from Ireland underwent a direct tetraspore-to-tetrasporophyte life history, which was followed through two complete cycles. Karyological studies showed that meiosis does not occur during tetrasporangial development: tetrasporangia are mitotic, with c. 64 small chromosomes. Comparison with chromosome numbers in meiotic tetrasporangia of D. hutchinsiae (n = c. 32) showed that this is the diploid chromosome complement. Tetraspores from the Moroccan isolate, by contrast, gave rise to gametophytes (although only the males became fertile) and tetrasporophyte recycling did not occur. Thalli sampled from a population in southern Portugal consisted only of tetrasporophytes. Dasya ocellata, like many members of the Ceramiales, shows intraspecific life history variability; a sexual life history apparently occurs only in southern populations.

‘The Violence of History: Rosa Chacel’s Memorias de Leticia Valle’

Leticia Valle, the eleven-year-old narrator and protagonist of Rosa Chacel’s 1945 novel Memorias de Leticia Valle seduces and destroys her history teacher, Daniel. Here, I argue that Daniel represents traditionalist, right-wing interpretations of Spanish history while also recalling the importance of the colonial wars in Morocco in the build up to the Civil War, and the Nationalists’ use of Moroccan conscripts and recruits within the peninsula. Written at a time when history was being used to justify an armed rebellion, a civil war, and the imposition of a brutal dictatorship, Chacel’s novel depends on ellipses and absence to question historiographical principles. Furthermore, it combines continued reference to Spanish history with the use of violent and militant language. The most devastating conflict of all is between Leticia and Daniel: she silences and dehumanizes him, though she is not able to fully explain what happened. Writing from Switzerland, Chacel’s narrator takes possession of Spanish history at a time when dissent within Spain was being silenced by the Francoist regime.

Phytotherapy: an introduction to its history, use and application

There has been a great advance in the pharmacognosy field, which has increased the use of medicinal plants by health professionals and practitioners of folk medicine. This systematic review explored the history and the present day application of phytotherapeutic medicines. We searched the databases Cochrane Library, Embase, Lilacs, PubMed, Scielo and a specialized bibliography. We concluded that there are many therapeutic potentialities in the use of phytotherapeutic medicines and medicinal plants. We also concluded that despite the increasing number of publications in the field each year, there is still a lack of reviews and meta-analyses that could promote a better integration of the knowledge produced. In addition, research about pharmacological interactions and multidisciplinary studies may promote a quicker and safer process from the workbench up to the clinical trials.