La indemnización de los perjuicios extrapatrimoniales en la jurisdicción de lo contencioso administrativo de Colombia

Al interior del Consejo de Estado se aplican de manera discordante los criterios objetivos y subjetivos al momento de fijar la indemnización de los perjuicios extrapatrimoniales. Lo anterior resulta problemático en tanto que se producen decisiones diferentes en casos fácticamente similares, vulnerando con ello la equidad y la seguridad jurídica. Como consecuencia de lo anterior, esta tesis está encaminada a resolver la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿Cuáles son los criterios que permiten que la indemnización de los perjuicios extrapatrimoniales en la jurisdicción de lo contencioso administrativo se haga de manera armónica frente a casos con supuestos fácticos similares?

Responsabilidade civil concorrencial: a busca pela efetiva reparação de danos

Esta monografia analisa as decisões dos tribunais brasileiros sobre responsabilização civil dos agentes que acarretaram danos decorrentes de condutas anticompetitivas, com o objetivo de verificar se a reparação dos referidos danos demonstra-se efetiva. Para a introdução do tema da responsabilidade civil concorrencial, foram apresentados os elementos da responsabilização civil, procurando focar a aplicação destes elementos em matéria concorrencial. Em seguida, de maneira a averiguar se os danos decorrentes de práticas anticompetitivas estão sendo efetivamente reparados, foi realizada uma análise dos casos que discutem esta matéria nos principais tribunais brasileiros. Essa análise conta com a exposição dos principais problemas enfrentados pelo Poder Judiciário refletidos nas decisões proferidas. Dentre os problemas elencados, foi destacada e aprofundada a análise da quantificação de danos, tendo sido proposto um método de quantificação dos danos morais coletivos. Por fim, foram tecidos alguns comentários acerca do pré-projeto de alteração do artigo da Lei 8.884/94 que versa sobre a matéria. A conclusão deste estudo demonstra que não há efetividade na reparação dos danos acarretados por práticas contrárias ao direito antitruste.

Danos morais: compensabilidade e quantificação

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

La liquidación de la Guerra Civil

El tema de la guerra civil española no puede comprenderse cabalmente sin estudiar tanto el clima social y político anterior al enfrentamiento bélico como el proceso de liquidación de este trascendente hecho histórico. El bando triunfante pretendió que el cese de las operaciones militares ponía fin a la guerra, pero ésta no terminó entonces para la mayoría de los españoles. Durante muchos años continuó el uso de la fuerza, en forma unilateral bajo la forma de una sangrienta represión en el orden interno y un largo exilio de los vencidos. Otros hechos son los sufrimientos morales y psicológicos impuestos, los perjuicios culturales ocasionados, el destierro y su repercusión sobre millones de hogares. También pesan los quebrantos económicos y sociales sobre el bienestar general Para apreciar la forma elegida por el régimen franquista para liquidar la guerra civil española resulta ilustrativo detallar algunos aspectos de la modalidad puesta en práctica, cuyo fracaso pone de manifiesto la mezquindad con que actuó el régimen dictatorial.

La liquidación de la Guerra Civil

El tema de la guerra civil española no puede comprenderse cabalmente sin estudiar tanto el clima social y político anterior al enfrentamiento bélico como el proceso de liquidación de este trascendente hecho histórico. El bando triunfante pretendió que el cese de las operaciones militares ponía fin a la guerra, pero ésta no terminó entonces para la mayoría de los españoles. Durante muchos años continuó el uso de la fuerza, en forma unilateral bajo la forma de una sangrienta represión en el orden interno y un largo exilio de los vencidos. Otros hechos son los sufrimientos morales y psicológicos impuestos, los perjuicios culturales ocasionados, el destierro y su repercusión sobre millones de hogares. También pesan los quebrantos económicos y sociales sobre el bienestar general Para apreciar la forma elegida por el régimen franquista para liquidar la guerra civil española resulta ilustrativo detallar algunos aspectos de la modalidad puesta en práctica, cuyo fracaso pone de manifiesto la mezquindad con que actuó el régimen dictatorial.

La liquidación de la Guerra Civil

El tema de la guerra civil española no puede comprenderse cabalmente sin estudiar tanto el clima social y político anterior al enfrentamiento bélico como el proceso de liquidación de este trascendente hecho histórico. El bando triunfante pretendió que el cese de las operaciones militares ponía fin a la guerra, pero ésta no terminó entonces para la mayoría de los españoles. Durante muchos años continuó el uso de la fuerza, en forma unilateral bajo la forma de una sangrienta represión en el orden interno y un largo exilio de los vencidos. Otros hechos son los sufrimientos morales y psicológicos impuestos, los perjuicios culturales ocasionados, el destierro y su repercusión sobre millones de hogares. También pesan los quebrantos económicos y sociales sobre el bienestar general Para apreciar la forma elegida por el régimen franquista para liquidar la guerra civil española resulta ilustrativo detallar algunos aspectos de la modalidad puesta en práctica, cuyo fracaso pone de manifiesto la mezquindad con que actuó el régimen dictatorial.

Le dommage moral et le préjudice extrapatrimonial

Notre recherche visait au départ l'analyse de la substance du dommage moral: retrouver les sentiments à l'intérieur des chefs de dommage moral. Une première lecture des jugements québécois publiés, rendus entre le 1er janvier 1950 et le 31 décembre 2008 et à l'intérieur desquels des dommages et intérêts ont été octroyés pour réparer un dommage moral en matière de responsabilité civile extracontractuelle, laisse une impression de confusion et de désordre, tant au plan terminologique qu'au plan conceptuel. Dommage moral, préjudice extrapatrimonial, dommage non pécuniaire, préjudice moral: autant de termes qui rendent impossible une synthèse des chefs de préjudice. C'est finalement à l'analyse des raisons de cette confusion, aux formes qu'elle prend, aux moyens déployés par les juristes pour, sinon la surmonter, du moins la contenir, que la présente thèse est consacrée. Malgré cette confusion et ce désordre, un constat général d'homogénéité et de stabilité des discours judiciaire et juridique sur le préjudice extrapatrimonial peut d'abord être tracé. Le dommage moral et le préjudice extrapatrimonial (les deux étant couramment assimilés) sont réputés difficilement réparables. Afin de contenir l'arbitraire et la subjectivité qui caractérisent le préjudice extrapatrimonial, un discours dominant rationnel et raisonnable s'est construit et une évaluation globale du préjudice est pratiquée par les juges. Il en résulte une stabilité des montants des dommages et intérêts octroyés à titre de réparation. Mais pourquoi autant de mots pour décrire une même réalité? Dommage et préjudice sont actuellement employés en droit québécois comme s'ils étaient terminologiquement et conceptuellement indistincts; il en résulte une sursimplification de la responsabilité civile. Nous proposons que le dommage (qu'il soit corporel, matériel ou moral) et le préjudice (qu'il soit extrapatrimonial ou patrimonial) sont distincts. Le dommage se qualifie au siège de l'atteinte (des corps, des choses, des sentiments et valeurs) et le préjudice se qualifie au regard de la nature des répercussions du dommage (répercussions patrimoniales ou extrapatrimoniales). Ainsi distingués, dommage et préjudice retrouvent un sens tout en faisant ressortir les deux temps composant la responsabilité civile: l'établissement d'une responsabilité à l'aide de la faute, du dommage et du lien de causalité les unissant (1er temps) et la réparation du préjudice accompagnant le dommage (2e temps). Par une telle distinction, la sursimplification de la responsabilité civile est dépassée et force est de constater que bien peu de choses sont dites dans les jugements sur la substance du dommage moral et même sur le dommage moral tout court. Le discours dominant porte essentiellement sur la difficile détermination de la quotité des dommages et intérêts pour réparer le préjudice extrapatrimonial. Si le dommage moral et le préjudice extrapatrimonial n'étaient pas confondus et employés par les juristes avec une apparente cohérence, une synthèse des chefs de préjudice extrapatrimonial, telle qu'envisagée au départ, aurait peut-être été possible…

Assédio moral: lesão aos direitos humanos e à saúde do trabalhador

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Raciocínio moral e uso abusivo de álcool por adolescentes

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Assédio moral na administração pública e a responsabilidade civil do estado

The social and economic changes of the last decades have enhanced the dehumanization of labor relations and the deterioration of the work environment, by the adoption of management models that foster competitiveness and maximum productivity, making it susceptible to the practice of workplace bullying. Also called mobbing, bullying can occur through actions, omissions, gestures, words, writings, always with the intention of attacking the self-esteem of the victim and destroy it psychologically. In the public sector, where relations based on hierarchy prevail, and where the functional stability makes it difficult to punish the aggressor, bullying reaches more serious connotations, with severe consequences to the victim. The Federal Constitution of 1988, by inserting the Human Dignity as a fundamental principle of the Republic, the ruler of the entire legal system, sought the enforcement of fundamental rights, through the protection of honor and image of the individual, and ensuring reparation for moral and material damage resulting from its violation. Therefore, easy to conclude that the practice of moral violence violates fundamental rights of individuals, notably the employee's personality rights. This paper therefore seeked to analyze the phenomenon of bullying in the workplace, with emphasis on the harassment practiced in the public sector as well as the possibility of state liability for harassment committed by its agents. From a theoretical and descriptive methodology, this work intended to study the constitutional, infra and international rules that protect workers against this practice, emphasizing on the fundamental rights violated. With this research, it was found that doctrine and jurisprudence converge to the possibility of state objective liability for damage caused by its agents harassers, not forgetting the possibility of regressive action against the responsible agent, as well as its criminal and administrative accountability.

Response and damage evaluation of reinforced concrete frames subjected to blast loading

Bomb attacks carried out by terrorists, targeting high occupancy buildings, have become increasingly common in recent times. Large numbers of casualties and property damage result from overpressure of the blast followed by failing of structural elements. Understanding the blast response of multi-storey buildings and evaluating their remaining life have therefore become important. Response and damage analysis of single structural components, such as columns or slabs, to explosive loads have been examined in the literature, but the studies on blast response and damage analysis of structural frames in multi-storey buildings is limited and this is necessary for assessing the vulnerability of them. This paper investigates the blast response and damage evaluation of reinforced concrete (RC) frames, designed for normal gravity loads, in order to evaluate their remaining life. Numerical modelling and analysis were carried out using the explicit finite element software, LS DYNA. The modelling and analysis takes into consideration reinforcement details together and material performance under higher strain rates. Damage indices for columns are calculated based on their residual and original capacities. Numerical results generated in the can be used to identify relationships between the blast load parameters and the column damage. Damage index curve will provide a simple means for assessing the damage to a typical multi-storey building RC frame under an external bomb circumstance.

Negotiating social and moral order in internet relay chat

Although internet chat is a significant aspect of many internet users’ lives, the manner in which participants in quasi-synchronous chat situations orient to issues of social and moral order remains to be studied in depth. The research presented here is therefore at the forefront of a continually developing area of study. This work contributes new insights into how members construct and make accountable the social and moral orders of an adult-oriented Internet Relay Chat (IRC) channel by addressing three questions: (1) What conversational resources do participants use in addressing matters of social and moral order? (2) How are these conversational resources deployed within IRC interaction? and (3) What interactional work is locally accomplished through use of these resources? A survey of the literature reveals considerable research in the field of computer-mediated communication, exploring both asynchronous and quasi-synchronous discussion forums. The research discussed represents a range of communication interests including group and collaborative interaction, the linguistic construction of social identity, and the linguistic features of online interaction. It is suggested that the present research differs from previous studies in three ways: (1) it focuses on the interaction itself, rather than the ways in which the medium affects the interaction; (2) it offers turn-by-turn analysis of interaction in situ; and (3) it discusses membership categories only insofar as they are shown to be relevant by participants through their talk. Through consideration of the literature, the present study is firmly situated within the broader computer-mediated communication field. Ethnomethodology, conversation analysis and membership categorization analysis were adopted as appropriate methodological approaches to explore the research focus on interaction in situ, and in particular to investigate the ways in which participants negotiate and co-construct social and moral orders in the course of their interaction. IRC logs collected from one chat room were analysed using a two-pass method, based on a modification of the approaches proposed by Pomerantz and Fehr (1997) and ten Have (1999). From this detailed examination of the data corpus three interaction topics are identified by means of which participants clearly orient to issues of social and moral order: challenges to rule violations, ‘trolling’ for cybersex, and experiences regarding the 9/11 attacks. Instances of these interactional topics are subjected to fine-grained analysis, to demonstrate the ways in which participants draw upon various interactional resources in their negotiation and construction of channel social and moral orders. While these analytical topics stand alone in individual focus, together they illustrate different instances in which participants’ talk serves to negotiate social and moral orders or collaboratively construct new orders. Building on the work of Vallis (2001), Chapter 5 illustrates three ways that rule violation is initiated as a channel discussion topic: (1) through a visible violation in open channel, (2) through an official warning or sanction by a channel operator regarding the violation, and (3) through a complaint or announcement of a rule violation by a non-channel operator participant. Once the topic has been initiated, it is shown to become available as a topic for others, including the perceived violator. The fine-grained analysis of challenges to rule violations ultimately demonstrates that channel participants orient to the rules as a resource in developing categorizations of both the rule violation and violator. These categorizations are contextual in that they are locally based and understood within specific contexts and practices. Thus, it is shown that compliance with rules and an orientation to rule violations as inappropriate within the social and moral orders of the channel serves two purposes: (1) to orient the speaker as a group member, and (2) to reinforce the social and moral orders of the group. Chapter 6 explores a particular type of rule violation, solicitations for ‘cybersex’ known in IRC parlance as ‘trolling’. In responding to trolling violations participants are demonstrated to use affiliative and aggressive humour, in particular irony, sarcasm and insults. These conversational resources perform solidarity building within the group, positioning non-Troll respondents as compliant group members. This solidarity work is shown to have three outcomes: (1) consensus building, (2) collaborative construction of group membership, and (3) the continued construction and negotiation of existing social and moral orders. Chapter 7, the final data analysis chapter, offers insight into how participants, in discussing the events of 9/11 on the actual day, collaboratively constructed new social and moral orders, while orienting to issues of appropriate and reasonable emotional responses. This analysis demonstrates how participants go about ‘doing being ordinary’ (Sacks, 1992b) in formulating their ‘first thoughts’ (Jefferson, 2004). Through sharing their initial impressions of the event, participants perform support work within the interaction, in essence working to normalize both the event and their initial misinterpretation of it. Normalising as a support work mechanism is also shown in relation to participants constructing the ‘quiet’ following the event as unusual. Normalising is accomplished by reference to the indexical ‘it’ and location formulations, which participants use both to negotiate who can claim to experience the ‘unnatural quiet’ and to identify the extent of the quiet. Through their talk participants upgrade the quiet from something legitimately experienced by one person in a particular place to something that could be experienced ‘anywhere’, moving the phenomenon from local to global provenance. With its methodological design and detailed analysis and findings, this research contributes to existing knowledge in four ways. First, it shows how rules are used by participants as a resource in negotiating and constructing social and moral orders. Second, it demonstrates that irony, sarcasm and insults are three devices of humour which can be used to perform solidarity work and reinforce existing social and moral orders. Third, it demonstrates how new social and moral orders are collaboratively constructed in relation to extraordinary events, which serve to frame the event and evoke reasonable responses for participants. And last, the detailed analysis and findings further support the use of conversation analysis and membership categorization as valuable methods for approaching quasi-synchronous computer-mediated communication.

Case studies on vibration based damage identification : multi-criteria approach

Vibration based damage identification methods examine the changes in primary modal parameters or quantities derived from modal parameters. As one method may have advantages over the other under some circumstances, a multi-criteria approach is proposed. Case studies are conducted separately on beam, plate and plate-on-beam structures. Using the numerically simulated modal data obtained through finite element analysis software, algorithms based on flexibility and strain energy changes before and after damage are obtained and used as the indices for the assessment of the state of structural health. Results show that the proposed multi-criteria method is effective in damage identification in these structures.

Review of vibration-based damage detection and condition assessment of bridge structures using structural health monitoring

As a part of vital infrastructure and transportation networks, bridge structures must function safely at all times. However, due to heavier and faster moving vehicular loads and function adjustment, such as Busway accommodation, many bridges are now operating at an overload beyond their design capacity. Additionally, the huge renovation and replacement costs always make the infrastructure owners difficult to undertake. Structural health monitoring (SHM) is set to assess condition and foresee probable failures of designated bridge(s), so as to monitor the structural health of the bridges. The SHM systems proposed recently are incorporated with Vibration-Based Damage Detection (VBDD) techniques, Statistical Methods and Signal processing techniques and have been regarded as efficient and economical ways to solve the problem. The recent development in damage detection and condition assessment techniques based on VBDD and statistical methods are reviewed. The VBDD methods based on changes in natural frequencies, curvature/strain modes, modal strain energy (MSE) dynamic flexibility, artificial neural networks (ANN) before and after damage and other signal processing methods like Wavelet techniques and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) / Hilbert spectrum methods are discussed here.