Procoagulant state after raloxifene therapy in postmenopausal women

AZEVEDO, George Dantas de et al. Procoagulant state after raloxifene therapy in postmenopausal women. Fertility and Sterility, Estados Unidos, v.84, n.6, p.1680-1684, 2005

Procoagulant state after raloxifene therapy in postmenopausal women

AZEVEDO, George Dantas de et al. Procoagulant state after raloxifene therapy in postmenopausal women. Fertility and Sterility, Estados Unidos, v.84, n.6, p.1680-1684, 2005

Procoagulant state after raloxifene therapy in postmenopausal women

AZEVEDO, George Dantas de et al. Procoagulant state after raloxifene therapy in postmenopausal women. Fertility and Sterility, Estados Unidos, v.84, n.6, p.1680-1684, 2005

Avaliação do potencial clínico de novos ligandos para o receptor estrogénico em diagnóstico e terapia de tumores da mama

Tese de doutoramento, Química (Química Inorgânica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2015

Expressão gênica do receptor estrogênico-a, bcl-2 e c-myc em fibroadenomas e no tecido mamário normal circunjacente

Resumo não disponível.

Estrógeno e pré-condicionamento : efeitos neuroprotetores e possíveis mecanismos de ação em modelos in vitro e in vivo de isquemia cerebral

As bases moleculares da neuroproteção contra a isquemia mediada por estrógeno continuam obscuras, assim como os mecanismos envolvendo a tolerância ao dano isquêmico subseqüente induzida por pré-condicionamento. Neste trabalho foi estudado se as vias de sinalização celular da PI3-K (fosfatidil inositol 3-quinase) e da MEK/ERK 1/2 estariam envolvidas na neuroproteção induzida por estrógeno, bem como alguns parâmetros de estresse oxidativo, especificamente o conteúdo de radicais livres, um índice de dano oxidativo a proteínas e a capacidade antioxidante total. Também foi estudado o possível envolvimento dos transportadores de glutamato (EAAT1 e EAAT2) e dos receptores de estrógeno (ERα e ERβ) nos efeitos neuroprotetores do estrógeno e do pré-condicionamento. Para este fim, foram utilizados os modelos in vitro de culturas organotípicas de fatias hipocampais e fatias hipocampais preparadas a fresco expostas à privação de oxigênio e glicose (POG) e o modelo in vivo de hipóxia-isquemia neonatal. Em culturas tratadas tanto aguda como cronicamente com 17β-estradiol, a morte celular induzida por POG foi diminuída acentuadamente quando comparada com as culturas tratadas apenas com veículo. Este efeito neuroprotetor foi evitado por LY294002 (inibidor de PI3-K), mas não por PD98059 (inibidor de MEK/ERK 1/2). Ambos os protocolos de tratamento com estradiol induziram a fosforilação/ativação da proteína quinase B (PKB/Akt) e a fosforilação/inativação da glicogênio sintase quinase-3β (GSK-3β). Em um estudo similar, o imunoconteúdo do receptor estrogênico ERα diminuiu após POG em culturas tratadas tanto com estradiol quanto veículo, enquanto que o receptor ERβ aumentou apenas nas culturas tratadas com estradiol expostas ou não à POG. Não foram observadas alterações no imunoconteúdo dos transportadores de glutamato (EAATs) em nenhum dos tratamentos in vitro. Em fatias de hipocampo de cérebro de ratas ovariectomizadas que receberam reposição de estradiol, a morte celular foi reduzida em comparação ao grupo de ratas que não recebeu a reposição hormonal. Neste mesmo modelo, observou-se que a POG aumentou a produção de radicais livres nos dois grupos, porém não foram observadas diferenças na capacidade antioxidante total. Por outro lado, a reposição de estradiol evitou a redução nos conteúdos de triptofano e tirosina causada por POG. No modelo in vivo, o cérebro de ratos neonatos foi protegido contra a hipóxia-isquemia pelo précondicionamento hipóxico. Em paralelo, o pré-condicionamento aumentou o imunoconteúdo dos transportadores de glutamato EAAT2 e do receptor estrogênico ERα em córtex e diminuiu os níveis de EAAT2 em estriado, mas não afetou os níveis de EAAT1 e ERβ. Já no modelo in vitro de pré-condicionamento, nas culturas organotípicas de hipocampo pré-condicionadas, 15 min de POG induziu tolerância acentuada a um período subseqüente de 45 min de POG, porém não foram detectadas alterações nos transportadores de glutamato nem nos receptores estrogênicos. Juntos, os resultados sugerem que na isquemia a neuroproteção induzida por estrógeno pode envolver a via de sinalização celular da fostatidil inositol 3-quinase (PI3-K), a prevenção do dano oxidativo a proteínas e a regulação dos receptores estrogênicos ERα e ERβ, enquanto que a tolerância à isquemia cerebral induzida por pré-condicionamento pode envolver a regulação dos transportadores de glutamato EAAT2 e receptores estrogênicos ERα.

Claudina-3 e Claudina- 4, potenciais marcadores de agressividade no carcinoma endometrial Tipo I

Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB

Efeitos da exposição prolongada ao bisfenol-A sobre a próstata de gerbilos adultos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação citológica em base líquida de fármacos moduladores estrogênicos

Hormone therapy is an important tool in the treatment of breast cancer and tamoxifen represents one of the most important drugs used in this type of treatment. Recently other drugs based on the inhibition of aromatase had been developed, this enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of estrogenic esteroids from the androgenic ones. The objective of this study would be the development of a quantitative cytological model of murine estral analysis that allowed the characterization of different hormone drugs effect over vaginal epithelium. The technique of monochromatic staining with Evans blue (C.I. 23860) showed to be efficient in the qualitative and quantitative classification of the cycle. It had been observed differences in the cytological standard of animals submitted to the studied drugs; tamoxifen presented a widening of phases of lesser maturation (diestrais), while anastrozole and exemestane increased the duration of the phases of larger maturation (estrais). The data were analysed through a cubical non linear regression (spline) which allowed a better characterization of the drugs, suggesting a proper cytological profile to the antagonism of the estrogen receptor (tamoxifen), aromatase competition (anastrozole) and inhibition of the enzyme (exemestane)

Ativação local da rota da quinurenina por moduladores inflamatórios durante a meningite bacteriana.

Activation of the kynurenine (KYN) pathway (KP) by modulators of immune system has been observed during several neurological diseases. Here we assessed the association of chemo-/cytokine levels with the concentration of KP metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma samples from patients with bacterial meningitis (BM). All samples were collected from 42 patients diagnosed with acute bacterial meningitis (ABM), aseptic meningitis, tuberculous meningitis and patients without infection neurological disorders. CSF and plasma concentration of metabolites from the KP was assessed by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and cytokines and chemokines by Bio-plex 200 suspension array system. Concentrations of the KP metabolites KYN and kynurenic acid (KYNA) were significantly higher in CSF of patients with ABM compared to other groups. Tryptophan (TRP), anthranilic acid (AA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3HK) and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3HAA) did not show statistical significance, although some of them presented a good accumulation during ABM. The expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta, IFN-gamma, IL-10, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, MCP-1 and G-CSF was about 100-fold higher in CSF from ABM patients than other infected groups. In all CSF and plasma samples, the concentration of IL-2, IL-12(p70), IL-4, IL-8 and GM-CSF was not significant. ABM still showed significant concentrations of IL-6, IL-10, IL-1Ra and MCP-1 in plasma samples. Based on the comparison of KP metabolites concentrations between plasma and CSF samples we conclude that the activation of the tryptophan pathway upon BM occurs within the brain. This increase in KP metabolites is most due to activation of the KP by molecules as IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in response to infection.

A re-examination of the Ghrelin and Ghrelin receptor genes

The last few years have seen dramatic advances in genomics, including the discovery of a large number of non-coding and antisense transcripts. This has revolutionised our understanding of multifaceted transcript structures found within gene loci and their roles in the regulation of development, neurogenesis and other complex processes. The recent and continuing surge of knowledge has prompted researchers to reassess and further dissect gene loci. The ghrelin gene (GHRL) gives rise to preproghrelin, which in turn produces ghrelin, a 28 amino acid peptide hormone that acts via the ghrelin receptor (growth hormone secretagogue receptor/GHSR 1a). Ghrelin has many important physiological and pathophysiological roles, including the stimulation of growth hormone (GH) release, appetite regulation, and cancer development. A truncated receptor splice variant, GHSR 1b, does not bind ghrelin, but dimerises with GHSR 1a, and may act as a dominant negative receptor. The gene products of ghrelin and its receptor are frequently overexpressed in human cancer While it is well known that the ghrelin axis (ghrelin and its receptor) plays a range of important functional roles, little is known about the molecular structure and regulation of the ghrelin gene (GHRL) and ghrelin receptor gene (GHSR). This thesis reports the re-annotation of the ghrelin gene, discovery of alternative 5’ exons and transcription start sites, as well as the description of a number of novel splice variants, including isoforms with a putative signal peptide. We also describe the discovery and characterisation of a ghrelin antisense gene (GHRLOS), and the discovery and expression of a ghrelin receptor (growth hormone secretagogue receptor/GHSR) antisense gene (GHSR-OS). We have identified numerous ghrelin-derived transcripts, including variants with extended 5' untranslated regions and putative secreted obestatin and C-ghrelin transcripts. These transcripts initiate from novel first exons, exon -1, exon 0 and a 5' extended 1, with multiple transcription start sites. We used comparative genomics to identify, and RT-PCR to experimentally verify, that the proximal exon 0 and 5' extended exon 1 are transcribed in the mouse ghrelin gene, which suggests the mouse and human proximal first exon architecture is conserved. We have identified numerous novel antisense transcripts in the ghrelin locus. A candidate non-coding endogenous natural antisense gene (GHRLOS) was cloned and demonstrates very low expression levels in the stomach and high levels in the thymus, testis and brain - all major tissues of non-coding RNA expression. Next, we examined if transcription occurs in the antisense orientation to the ghrelin receptor gene, GHSR. A novel gene (GHSR-OS) on the opposite strand of intron 1 of the GHSR gene was identified and characterised using strand-specific RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). GHSR-OS is differentially expressed and a candidate non-coding RNA gene. In summary, this study has characterised the ghrelin and ghrelin receptor loci and demonstrated natural antisense transcripts to ghrelin and its receptor. Our preliminary work shows that the ghrelin axis generates a broad and complex transcriptional repertoire. This study provides the basis for detailed functional studies of the the ghrelin and GHSR loci and future studies will be needed to further unravel the function, diagnostic and therapeutic potential of the ghrelin axis.