998 resultados para Modelo de ocupação urbana


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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil – Perfil de Construção

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In this work the landscape morphodynamics was used to check the strength and importance of the changes carried out by man on the environment over time, in Natal-RN municipality. The occupation of partially preserved natural areas was analyzed, but environmentally fragile, such as riparian forests, vegetation on the banks of waterways, which play regulatory role of the water flow, and the dunes, which guarantee the rapid recharge of aquifers. The impacts of urban sprawl in Natal Southern and West zones Were identified and characterized, through a detailed mapping in the period between 1969 and 2013 the main Permanent Preservation Areas - PPA (banks of rivers and lagoons, and dunes remaining) and their temporal changes. For this were used aerial photographs and satellite imagery, altimetry data, and pre-existing information, which allowed the creation of a spatial database, and evolution of maps of impervious areas, evolution of the use and occupation and Digital Terrain Model (DTM) from contour lines with contour interval of 1 meter. Based on this study presents a diagnosis of the environmental situation and the state of conservation of natural areas, over the last 44 years, compared to human pressures. In general, it was found that the urban settlement has advanced about 60% of studied natural areas. This advance was growing by the year 2006, when there was a slowdown in the process, except for the Environmental Protection Zone (EPZ) 03, where the river Pitimbú and your PPA, which experienced a more significant loss area. The urban occupation affected the natural drainage and contributed to the contamination of groundwater Natal, due to increased sealed area, the release of liquid and solid waste, as well as the removal of riparian vegetation. Changed irreversibly the natural landscape, and reduced the quality and quantity of water resources necessary for the population. Thus, it is necessary to stimulate the adoption of use and protection of PPA planning measures, to the preservation of the San Valley Region inserted into the EPZ 01, and integrate more remaining dunes, in good condition, this EPZ, due to the importance of those remaining on the environment and the maintenance of quality of life. It is suggested, also, protection of catchment areas, such as PPA ponds and Pitimbú River. Finally, it is expected that this study can assist the managers in making decisions in urban and environmental planning of the municipality

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This research aims to diagnose the environmental impacts caused by the growth of urban occupations over the mangrove in the continental area of Vitória. It is justified by the gradual degradation of mangroves in Vitória that has inestimable importance to the landscape, to the environment and to the economy. With the growth of urban population in Brazil and around the world, researches like this, about environmental management, are essential to allow cities to grow more sustainably and well planned. The thesis was initially based on the study of occupations of Permanent Preservation Areas in general, with the presentation of the basic concepts and reflections, and later on territorial analysis of some protected areas and their surroundings, and the study of the empirical object, a polygon that covers urban areas and mangroves on the continental part of Vitória. The study hopes to promote a reflection and a discussion about the importance of maintenance of protected natural areas inside the cities, generating knowledge about the importance of mangrove and diagnose how it has been urbanized, protected or degraded over the years

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Trabalho de Projecto apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Gestão do Território, área de espacialização Planeamento e Ordenamento do Território

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Dissertação para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Eletrotécnica e de Computadores

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A qualidade da água e a fauna composta pelos macroinvertebrados aquáticos do Igarapé do Mindú, o qual tem suas nascentes em áreas florestadas e atravessa a cidade de Manaus (Amazonas, Brasil), foram estudadas de 1993 a 1995. Desmatamentos e ocupação das áreas ao longo do igarapé, juntamente com a poluição orgânica doméstica causaram drásticas alterações nas características físico-químicas das águas e na composição da fauna aquática. Assim, temperatura da água, condutividade elétrica, pH e sedimentos em suspensão aumentaram significativamente, enquanto que os valores de oxigênio dissolvido na água diminuíram. Esses fatores de alterações, associados com a redução natural da velocidade de corrente d'água e aumento da radiação solar, resultaram em eutrofização e mudança marcante da fauna bentônica.

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El proyecto propone acercar al alumnado al entorno urbano en que se desenvuelve para mejorar la percepción que tiene de él y facilitar su integración. Para ello, y debido al escaso interés que el tema despierta en el alumnado, se realiza una investigación sobre la percepción subjetiva del espacio (geografía de la percepción y del comportamiento) que determine los elementos configurativos de ese entorno. Se realiza así, un estudio sociológico en el que mediante la elaboración de mapas mentales y encuestas se establezcan las diferentes visiones subjetivas del espacio y la influencia de determinadas variables en los mismos (edad, sexo, nivel socioeconómico, cultural, etc.). Se convierte el alumnado de esta forma en sujeto y objeto de estudio al mismo tiempo. A partir de ahí, se trabaja en el aula para modificar estas percepciones subjetivas y acercarlas a la realidad. Se organizan pequeños grupos de trabajo encargados de la recogida de información, salidas, elaboración de cuestionarios, gráficos, documentos, etc., donde los alumnos a través de estas actividades construyen su propio aprendizaje. La valoración de la experiencia señala que la realización del estudio sociológico previo impidió el desarrollo de la experiencia en el aula con los alumnos. Se propone, por lo tanto, concluir el trabajo el curso próximo y una vez finalizado presentarlo para su publicación.

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Fotografias aéreas verticais de pequeno formato foram obtidas através de câmera fotográfica não-métrica a bordo de aeronave de pequeno porte, no ano de 1999, com o objetivo de se atualizar um conjunto de seis plantas cadastrais digitais de 1984, na escala 1:5.000, cobrindo a área urbana do município de Gramado, situado na região nordeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. As fotografias foram digitalizadas, armazenadas e georreferenciadas em um Sistema de Informações Geográficas. Posteriormente, foram digitalizados os perímetros das edificações e os limites dos bairros da área urbana nas plantas cadastrais digitais. Os dados atualizados das plantas cadastrais foram elaborados para a geração de análises temáticas e, portanto, não podem ser utilizados para a medição precisa das edificações mapeadas. Após sua digitalização, os polígonos das edificações foram estruturados topologicamente por meio do SIG utilizado, permitindo a geração automática de um centróide para cada edificação mapeada. A consulta ao banco de dados tornou possível o cálculo do número total e a localização dos centróides das edificações, para as duas datas estudadas. Os dados tabulados foram representados por um mapa temático da expansão da ocupação urbana, na escala de 1:25.000. Outros produtos obtidos no presente estudo foram cartas-imagem da área urbana (1:50.000), elaboradas a partir de imagens do satélite LANDSAT 7 ETM+, bem como mapas temáticos dos aspectos físicos e antrópicos dos bairros da área urbana (escalas 1:15.000 a 1:25.000). Com base nos dados obtidos, verificou-se um crescimento de 164, 6 % do número total de edificações e uma expansão da ocupação orientada para a região SE da área urbana, em função do maior crescimento do setor secundário e do número de loteamentos na região meridional da área urbana durante o período de 15 anos. Através da interpretação dos dados geográficos, foram elaboradas recomendações para o planejamento urbano de Gramado.

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The objective of this dissertation is understand the relationships built between subjects who occupy buildings in a state of abandonment to revitalize them - called okupas, noting which individuals construct such meanings on the practice of occupation and how to organize the construction and maintenance of a collective life project. Having the Okupa Squat Torém, located in the neighborhood of Fatima in the southern city of Fortaleza-CE, as locus and observed through the ethnographic method, followed the social practices of urban segment. I invested in a data collection revealed that the custom of okupas and their domestic habits, inside and outside of okupa, emphasizing the interaction situations, like most appropriate occasions to observe the constant negotiation and refinement of his cunning to intervene in the city . Among the objectives of this research, the main thing is to observe which senses are assigned to the practice of the occupation by okupas. For this, reflecting from the specifics of this urban phenomenon and talking mostly with the tradition of research in the field of anthropology, I tried to address some issues regarding the practice of okupação and organization of the group, which the principles and movements that make these contacts with city etc. The appropriation made by the subjects on the urban space here means understanding them as a cultural expression of a number of collective values, resulting from experience and perception of okupas like themselves. The intention is to show how this practice intervention and collective action has appeared in contemporary times and how my ethnography can contribute to a dialogue on the practices of mobilization and update of the city, considering the Theory of Recognition Axel Honneth (2003) as an analytical category useful to describe the forms of reciprocity experienced by okupas

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This study started from the hypothesis of the existence of a relation between the type of the urban occupation concerning to the sustainability conditions at the proximity of Environment Protected Zones and the occurrence of vectors insects in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. This research, which used data available by the City Administration Health and Urbanization Secretaries (respectively SMS and SEMURB), in the time period of 2006 to 2008, aimed to characterize the study site in terms of urban occupation, relating it to social environmental aspects of land occupation and the occurrence of vectors insects. This study is presented in two papers, the first one linking the occurrence of vectors insects and sustainable development indicators and the second relating the incidence of reported cases of Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and the occurrence of larvae infection indexes of Aedes aegypti, in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte State. In the first paper, was made a correlation between Dengue Fever vectors and Visceral and Tegumentar Leishmaniasis vectors and sustainable development indicators, selected from IDS Brasil- 2008. Through factorial analysis a Sustainability Index (SI) was acquired for each region, the northern region of the municipality obtained lower numbers than southern region, which, in its turn, presented better sustainability conditions. Linking this index to vector infestation parameters shows a high significant correlation between the SI and the Breteau Index of Aedes aegypti (p=0,028) as well as with SI and sand flies infestation index (p=0,01). Higher rates in vectors infestation in regions with a lower Sustainable Development Index demonstrates that this index can be used to determine the increasing of probability of Aedes and sand flies occurrence in urban environment. The second paper analyzed the occurrence of the main vector of Dengue and DHF, the Aedes aegypti mosquito, and the relation between larvae infection indexes of this insect and reported cases of the diseases. This study revealed unexpected relation where areas with higher Breteau s Indexes showed lower infection rates of Dengue Fever, although showing high incidence of DHF

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Incluye Bibliografía

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE