Mobile Banking: fatores determinantes na adesão

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social para obtenção de grau de mestre em Publicidade e Marketing.

Mobile banking in developing countries

This Master’s thesis examines the feasibility of eBusiness in developing countries by looking at the current mobile banking solutions. The research involved reviewing literature that was relevant to the research questions. It was discovered that the Wizzit and M-PESA are the current solutions to mobile banking. Furthermore, it was found out that the Wizzit and M-PESA were either transformational or additive. Additive mobile banking is the use of mobile phones as a channel to provide services to existing customers within financial institutions. Transformational mobile banking extends financial services to the unbanked. The results of the thesis are M-PESA works with only Safaricom while on the other hand Wizzit has compatibility with any mobile operator. The other result is that both M-PESA and Wizzit are transformational mobile banking technologies at the sametime Wizzit is an Additive mobile banking technology. Wizzit can provide financial services to both the unbanked and existing bank customers. It can be said the merits of Wizzit outweigh those of M-PESA which makes Wizzit better.

Mobile Banking and Mobile Payments: Changing Banking Services in Finland

The purpose of this thesis is to examine how mobile banking and mobile payments services will change the banking sector in Finland, and what role non-bank companies from the IT and telecom industries will play in this process. The thesis consists of a literature review and a qualitative study. The literature review forms a comprehensive overview of mobile banking and mobile payments services. The qualitative research was conducted as a descriptive study, focusing on the views of bank and non-bank players. The results show that banks have a significant advantage over their IT and telecom rivals in regards to their service offering, financial buffer, and status as trustworthy institutions. The banks’ embrace of mobile financial services will change the Finnish banking sector into one, with a light branch network focused on sales power, and a heavy emphasis on new mobile devices providing service power regardless of time and place.

Mobile banking no Brasil: eventos críticos, trajetória e cenários esperados

O fenômeno de Mobile Banking, emergente no Brasil, poderia ser caracterizado tanto pela magnitude das expectativas associadas a ele quanto por sua complexidade sócio-política e tecnológica. Por um lado, este fenômeno representa uma formidável estratégia para inclusão financeira de uma parcela significativa da população brasileira, bem como um canal potencialmente revolucionário para serviços bancários e financeiros inovadores. Por outro lado, este fenômeno ainda se encontra em uma fase inicial de desenvolvimento no país, contrariando expectativas, e vários eventos críticos são esperados antes de sua possível consolidação. Este trabalho teve por objetivo descrever e explicar os possíveis eventos críticos, trajetória e cenários relacionados ao fenômeno de Mobile Banking & Payments no contexto brasileiro, considerando-o como uma tecnologia-em-prática resultante da interação entre diversos agentes sociais. Com uma abordagem conceitual multi-nível focada em estudos na área de Tecnologia e Sistemas de Informação, orientada por uma postura epistemológica interpretativista e também crítica, buscou-se identificar os grupos sociais mais relevantes relacionados ao fenômeno analisado, avaliando as suas perspectivas e expectativas tecnológicas, ao mesmo tempo em que se buscou antecipar os possíveis processos de negociação e interação entre eles. Como resultado, foram construídos uma trajetória de eventos críticos de incerteza e dois cenários futuros considerados mais prováveis. Por conseguinte, foi possível analisar e endereçar propositivamente algumas questões críticas, com contribuições relevantes tanto para a teoria quanto para a prática

Analysing intention and action in mobile banking services

Technological advances at the level of mobile devices are transforming the world. Banking users are able to conduct banking services at any place, and at any time, with m-banking. The purpose of this research is to analyse intention and action in m-banking services. A research model was developed and PLS was used to test the causalities in the proposed model. Our proposal extends the existing models with an assessment of the actual usage of m-banking and of how behavioural intention translates into action. This study found that the main determinants of behavioural intention for m-banking are social influence and relative advantage. Furthermore, perceived risk, lack of information and usage barriers have a negative effect on m- banking behavioural intention. Perceived risks, e-banking use, and behaviour intention are found to be significant antecedents of m-banking use. Gender has a positive and significant influence on m-banking usage, but not on the construction of behavioural intention.

Mobilie Banking adoption: a novel in the portuguese context

Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Estatística e Gestão de Informação

A influência das tecnologias self-service bancárias no comportamento dos clientes residentes nos Açores

Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Económicas e Empresariais

electronic payments in mozambique: A Baseline on their adoption in Maputo and Matola

This study analyses the access and use of financial services by small business owners in the cities of Mozambique, as an important tool for boosting economic growth and diminishing inequality. It correlates owners’ and business characteristics with the probability of adopting Points-of-Sale (POS), Mobile Banking and Mobile Money in everyday transactions. The main findings highlight that what mostly affects the use of POS is the size of business and the volume of transactions (positively correlated with POS adoption), while using mobile phone technologies for payments predominantly depends on the owner’s age and whether he/she is a frequent cellphone user. Moreover, to increase the use of electronic means of payment it is necessary to increase financial literacy and improve the banking services.

Mobiilipankkipalveluiden omaksuminen ja strateginen kannattavuus: empiirinen tutkimus

Tutkimuksen päätavoitteena oli analysoida, mitkä tekijät vaikuttavat mobiilipankkipalveluiden omaksumiseen ja miten kyseinenpalvelu tuo yritykselle strategista lisäarvoa. Tutkimuksessa käytettiin tilastollista tutkimusmenetelmää. Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin kontrolloidulla kyselynä Etelä-Karjalan ammattikorkeakoulun ja Lappeenrannan teknillisen yliopiston opiskelijoiden keskuudesta. Tutkimushypoteesit ja tutkimusmalli laadittiin aikaisempien tutkimustulosten sekä omaksumiseen ja strategiseen kannattavuuteen pohjautuvien teorioiden perusteella. Nämä teoriat muodostivat tutkimuksen viitekehyksen. Tutkimustulosten perusteella voidaan todeta, että nuoret suhtautuvat mobiilipankkipalveluiden käyttämiseen pääosin myönteisesti. Suurimman esteen mobiilipankkipalveluiden omaksumiselle aiheuttaa Internet - verkkopankin käyttäminen ja sen myötä varsinaisen palvelutarpeen puuttuminen. Mobiilit pankkipalvelut koetaan täydentäviksi palveluiksi, joita käytetään rinnakkain verkkopankin kanssa. Palveluiden lisäarvo perustuu pankkiasioinnin paikasta riippumattomuudelle sekä ajan ja vaivan säästölle. Erilaisten mobiilien pankkipalvelumuotojen osalta, nuorten mielenkiinto kohdistuu eniten mobiiliraha- ja tekstiviestiperusteisiin palveluihin. Mobiilipankkipalvelut ovat vielä elinkaarensa esittelyvaiheessa, mikä näkyy palveluiden vähäisissä käyttäjämäärissä ja heikossa strategisessa kannattavuudessa. Mobiilien pankkipalveluiden strategisen kannattavuuden parantaminen edellyttää myynnin ja markkinoinnin tehostamista sekä nykyisten hinnoittelustrategioiden alentamista.

Proposta de análise do banco virtual no contexto dos canais bancários e da aceitação dos clientes

O aumento de competitividade do setor financeiro e a inovação tecnológica bancária resultaram em mudanças na forma como os bancos de varejo atendem seus clientes e distribuem seus produtos. O uso de novos canais de atendimento proporciona benefícios para os bancos, como a economia de custos, bem como para os clientes, como a rapidez e conveniência de horário e local para acessar o banco. Nesse cenário surge um novo modelo bancário, chamado de banco virtual, que tem como principal característica não possuir estrutura física de atendimento ao cliente, tendo os seus canais de atendimento de forma remota ou eletrônica. O modelo já se encontra consolidado em alguns países, porém ainda em fase inicial no Brasil. Mas, para a aceitação dessas novas tecnologias ou modelo bancário, os clientes precisam conhecer, compreender e adotar essas novas possibilidades. Nesse contexto, a aceitação de tecnologias bancárias pelo consumidor passa a ser proposta em diversos estudos acadêmicos que investigaram tecnologias específicas, como terminais de autoatendimento, internet e mobile banking principalmente em mercados desenvolvidos. Assim, verifica-se a possibilidade de contribuir tanto na perspectiva acadêmica quanto na empresarial com estudos que investiguem a aceitação de novas tecnologias e modelos de negócios, como de banco virtual, por parte dos consumidores no Brasil, bem como o impacto da entrada desse modelo na indústria bancária. Dessa forma o presente estudo buscou identificar os possíveis fatores de influência na aceitação do banco virtual, utilizando premissas do modelo da Teoria Unificada de Aceitação e Uso da Tecnologia (UTAUT). As análises e resultados apresentados desta pesquisa foram baseados em entrevistas aplicadas junto a executivos do setor bancário e em clientes de um banco virtual. Os procedimentos utilizados permitiram fornecer informações quanto ao impacto e mudanças no modelo do banco tradicional, no aumento do uso e dos investimentos nos canais de tecnologia e nos fatores de expectativa de desempenho, expectativa de esforço e a influência social que se mostraram com alto poder de influência para a aceitação do modelo de banco virtual pelos clientes

From reactive to proactive banking : connecting with customers with context-aware mobile technology

Mobile technology has been employed in banking for already two decades. However, its significance this far has been modest. It is expected that the industry will change a lot in the future. Elements of this change include tightening of competition, considering customer’s individual and changing needs, becoming involved in customer’s life and being where customers are. The goal of this study is to explore these fields with regard to Finnish banking as well as investigate selected consumers’ views towards this kind of new service approach. It can be divided into three questions: • What kinds of mobile services does the Finnish banking industry currently offer for consumers and what expectations do experts and consumers have towards them? o What is consumers’ attitude towards a context-aware service approach in the banking industry and what are the suggested tools for it? o What factors define clients’ adoption intentions towards the new context-aware service approach? Which factors do they consider most important? In order to create the framework for the study, both Finnish and foreign scientific and professional literature considering evolution of the industry and innovation adoption has been used. The empirical part of the study consists of 11 interviews, including 6 expert interviews and 5 consumer interviews. The results show that the selected consumers reacted very positively to the suggested new service approach that considers them as a person and aims at simplifying their banking. The consumers appreciated especially solutions that simplified their everyday banking. Also proactive actions from a bank was considered important especially in everyday banking, as long as the customer was able to define the amount and way of contacts he received. According to the findings banks should aim at supporting their customers more than they do now. However, they also need to pay attention to not irritate their customers by excessive contacts. Banks should also open-mindedly introduce new technologies to their customers. Key words

Generating context-aware recommendations using banking data in a mobile recommender system

The increasing adoption of smartphones by the society has created a new area of research in recommender systems. This new domain is based on using location and context-awareness to provide personalization. This paper describes a model to generate context-aware recommendations for mobile recommender systems using banking data in order to recommend places where the bank customers have previously spent their money. In this work we have used real data provided by a well know Spanish bank. The mobile prototype deployed in the bank Labs environment was evaluated in a survey among 100 users with good results regarding usefulness and effectiveness. The results also showed that test users had a high confidence in a recommender system based on real banking data.

A Secure Mobile-based Authentication System

Financial information is extremely sensitive. Hence, electronic banking must provide a robust system to authenticate its customers and let them access their data remotely. On the other hand, such system must be usable, affordable, and portable.We propose a challengeresponse based one-time password (OTP) scheme that uses symmetriccryptography in combination with a hardware security module. The proposed protocol safeguards passwords from keyloggers and phishing attacks.Besides, this solution provides convenient mobility for users who want to bank online anytime and anywhere, not just from their owntrusted computers.

Mobile terminal adaptation in portal for better usability

Elektroniset finanssipalvelut, erityisesti Internetin kautta käytettynä, on kasvava alue. Elektronisten finanssipalveluiden tarjoajan tulee pystyä tarjoamaan laaja käytettävyys kaikkien kanavien kautta. Laajan käytettävyyden avulla asiakas voi valita haluamansa kanavan haluamanaan aikana. Palveluntarjoajalla tulee olla joustava arkkitehtuuri pystyäkseen tukemaan asiakkaiden muuttuvia vaatimuksia. Joustavalla arkkitehtuurilla päätelaitteeseen mukautuminen on mahdollista ja näin palveluntarjoaja pystyy tarjoamaan tuen monille eri päätelaitteille ja teknologioille helposti ja nopeasti. Diplomityö keskittyy tutkimaan mahdollisuutta monen kanavan tukeen ja päätelaitteeseen mukautumista Nordean tulevassa finanssiportaaliratkaisussa. Tämä pitäisi olla mahdollista uuden arkkitehtuurin kanssa, jonka TietoEnator on toteuttanut yhteistyössä Nordean kanssa. Sivujen rakenteen uudelleenjärjestelyillä saatiin hyviä tuloksia. Nykyisestä arkkitehtuurissa löydettiin myös puutteita ja jäljelle jäi avoimia kysymyksiä, jotka kirjattiin ylös. On selvästi nähtävissä, että tehokas päätelaitteeseen mukautuminen ja tuki monelle kanavalle tuo hyötyjä sekä pankille että asiakkaalle.