Dutch influence in the urban landscape of Cork City pre-1800: Fact or myth?

The early years of the eighteenth century Irish port town, Cork saw an expansion of its city limits, an era of reconstruction both within and beyond the walls of its Medieval townscape and a reclamation of its marshlands to the east and west. New people, new ideas and the beginnings of new wealth infused the post Elizabethan character of the recently siege battered city. It also brought a desire for something different, something new, an opportunity to redefine the ambience and visual perception of the urban landscape and thereby make a statement about its intended cultural and social orientations. It brought an opportunity to re-imagine and model a new, continental style of place and surrounding environment.

Ist das Meer so tief, wie unsere Messgeräte angeben?

Das Institut für Fischereiökologie führt regelmäßig radioökologische Untersuchungen im früheren Versenkungsgebiet für schwach radioaktive Stoffe im Nordostatlantik durch (Vobach 2002). In diesem Zusammenhang werden an bestimmten Positionen Wasserproben aus verschiedenen Tiefen, von der Oberfläche bis hinab zum Grund in knapp 5000 m Tiefe genommen. Dabei hat es sich als zweckmäßig erwiesen, mittels eines Pingersystems (kurze 12 kHz Schallsignale) Tiefen bis etwa 3000 m als Entfernung vom Schiff und darunter liegende als Entfernung vom Grund (Bethke und Kellermann 1994) zu bestimmen. Damit einheitlich für alle Ergebnisse die Probenahmetiefe angegeben werden kann, muss die Entfernung vom Schiff bis zum Grund, also die Wassertiefe, bekannt sein.

"Global Change" und das Meer als Nahrungsquelle

The potential importance of marine produetion as a protein ressource for a growing human population can hardly be overestimated. Climatic changes in the marine environment may affect marine production in a significant way. Increasing levels of UV-B may decrease primary production and thus diminish the food base for harvestable marine ressources. Direct effects on early stages of fishes may occur. Temperature changes can lead to additional mortality in the early phase of life histories of fishes. In spite of the potentially negative scenario, actual effects of global change on the ressources have not been detected so far. The marine organisms dispose of a significant level of pre-adaptation to changes of environmental factors both on a seasonal and an interannual scale. Effects on marine life may therefore be less dramatic than those on terrestrial systems, which are more directly linked with the exponentially growing human population.

Maßnahmenkatalog für eine ausgewogenere und rationellere Bewirtschaftung der von der deutschen Fischerei genutzten Fischereiressourcen im EG Meer

Obgleich die Nordsee eines der produktivsten Schelfmeere der Welt ist, reichen die Fischereiressourcen nicht aus, um allen zur Zeit aktiven Fischern für die nächsten Jahre ein wirtschaftliches Überleben zu garantieren. Darüberhinaus besteht die Gefahr, daß andauernde Uberfischung zu einer nachhaltigen Schädigung der Fischbestände und des Ökosystems führt. Es ist daher notwendig, zu einem langfristig ausgewogeneren Verhältnis zwischen den Ressourcen und der Intensität der Fischerei zu gelangen. Die Bundesforschungsanstalt für Fischerei in Hamburg hat im Jahr 1993 eine Expertenrunde zu diesem Themenkreis zusammengerufen und eine Zusammenstellung von aus wissenschaftlicher Sicht wünschenswerten und sinnvollen Maßnahmen zum langfristigen Erhalt der Fischbestände in der Nordsee erarbeitet, der im Folgenden der Öffentlichkeit vorgestellt werden soll.

The role of plants in channel-dyke and field irrigation systems for domestic wastewater treatment in an integrated eco-engineering system

Eight kinds of plants were tested in channel-dyke and field irrigation systems. The removal rates of TP, phosphate, TN, ammonia, CODcr and BOD, in the channel-dyke system with napiergrass (Pennisetum purpurem Schumach, x Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng American) were 83.2, 82.3, 76.3, 96.2, 73.5 and 85.8%, respectively. The field irrigation systems with rice I-yuanyou No.1(88-132) (Oryza sativa L.) and rice II- suakoko8 (Oryza glaberrima) had high efficiency for N removal; the removal rate were 84.7 and 84.3%, respectively. The mass balance data revealed that napiergrass, rice I and II were the most important nutrient sinks, assimilating more than 50% of TP and TN. Plant uptake of N and P as percentage of total removal from wastewater correlated with biomass yield of and planting mode. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

A Queda de Ícaro, de Brueghel e Schimmernde Inselchen im Meer, de Robert Walser – uma viagem ao mundo da tradução intersemiótica

O tema sobre o qual me proponho escrever insere-se no âmbito da 'tradução intersemiótica', já que se trata de uma análise comparativa da obra Der Sturz des Ikarus, de Pieter Brueghel, e do poema Schimmernde Inselchen im Meer, de Robert Walser, em que estamos perante um exemplo flagrante de transposição de uma obra pictórica para a escrita. No artigo, darei, ainda, especial enfoque à questão de aquele quadro representar, também ele, um exemplo de 'tradução intersemiótica' (neste caso, uma passagem da palavra às artes plásticas), uma vez que Brueghel faz, nele, uma recontextualização do mito de Ícaro, ao transpor para a tela um poema de Ovídio (estamos, assim, mais uma vez, perante um exemplo de mudança de medium). Dado que a questão da 'tradução intersemiótica' se inscreve numa outra, mais vasta ainda, que éa da intertextualidade, tentarei enquadrar uma na outra, tecendo, na introdução do artigo e, sempre que oportuno, ao longo do mesmo, algumas considerações breves sobre a função significante do mitema, as metamorfoses do mito e o papel do mito no 'diálogo intermedial das artes' ao longo dos tempos. Nesta análise comparativa, parto do pressuposto de estarmos, em qualquer tradução, face a um acto de re-escrita, pelo que há que reflectir, particularmente no caso da 'tradução intersemiótica', sobre a (nova) dimensão interpretativa conferida pelo processo de transposição mediática