Taxation of interstate mail order sales : 1994 revenue estimates.

"SR-18."

Analyse du contrat amoureux au sein du mariage par correspondance : une étude de cas des unions entre Philippines et Canadiens

L’objectif de notre travail était de conduire une étude exploratoire sur la mise en place et le déroulement de la relation matrimoniale au sein de couples philippino-canadiens mariés par correspondance, afin de comprendre les mécanismes sociaux qui régissent l’expérience de vie de ces couples. Nous nous inspirons de Constable pour qui la relation au sein du mariage par correspondance peut être une relation amoureuse même si la logique de désir des deux partenaires est fortement imbriquée dans un contexte historique et culturel. Nous poursuivons la réflexion de Constable sur la relation amoureuse en nous appuyant sur l’analyse de Simmel sur le processus de socialisation entre les individus et le phénomène de l’individualisation au sein des sociétés capitalistes. Nous explorons également comment le couple marié par correspondance crée ce que Kaufmann appelle le contrat amoureux à travers sa correspondance, sa rencontre, son quotidien et son avenir, et comment ce contrat influence les interactions entre les deux membres du couple, ainsi que celles entre le couple et le reste de la société. Dans ce mémoire sur le mariage par correspondance, nous nous intéresserons au quotidien de quatre couples philippino-canadiens mariés par correspondance vivant à Montréal et dans la région, à travers une perspective inspirée du sociologue George Simmel. Nous avons effectué des entretiens, sous forme de récit de vie et utilisé la méthode de l’ethnosociologie pour analyser leur discours. Nos résultats démontrent que le contrat amoureux influence les couples mariés par correspondance au cours des phases successives de leur relation et de leur vie commune. La construction sociale de leur réalité de couple, bâtie sur les sentiments amoureux et le travail au quotidien pour assurer le fonctionnement et la stabilité du couple, permet de passer outre d’éventuelles raisons initiales pratiques pour se marier. Malgré des inégalités, comme la division sexuée du travail et des revenus, l’agentivité de l’épouse est à l’œuvre lors de la planification de la rencontre, la première rencontre physique, l’installation au Canada et l’établissement de la vie commune et le processus de planification du couple. Le contrat amoureux et la construction sociale du couple offrent à l’épouse la possibilité de réduire les inégalités et de gagner une indépendance personnelle. Le retour aux Philippines est important dans la conversation conjugale, notamment au niveau de la planification à long terme du couple.

Racialized sexualities within the romance tour industry: The influence of affect and emotion upon transnational hierarchies of desire

Online international introduction sites that offer romance tours to American men in search of a foreign bride are an important and rapidly growing component of the internet dating industry; the number of these agencies in the U.S. tripled from two hundred to six hundred in the past 10 years. Previous scholars have examined the so-called `mail order bride' industry in order to demonstrate that the women involved are agents and not victims. Many scholars have also highlighted the importance of race in shaping American men's desires in one particular region or country. My dissertation provides an important addition to the literature surrounding romance tourism by including participants from all three major regions associated with romance tourism: Eastern Europe, South America, and Southeast Asia. I collected the data for the dissertation by becoming a participant observer of a romance tour in Ukraine, Colombia, and the Philippines. I argue that romance tourism is an important example of the global intimate, and the ways in which globalized processes are created and sustained through everyday intimate emotions and interactions. By examining the ways in which the emotions of desire, disgust, and anxiety influence individual romance tour participant's constructions of racialized hierarchies, the links between individual emotions and global systems are revealed. The concept of the global intimate challenges the hierarchy of scale that places the body, the home, and the intimate on a much lower level than the scale of the global or the national, and at the same time challenges the binary that divides the individual from the global. Through highlighting the different emotional negotiations that are constantly occurring in the romance tour industry, I highlight the important ways in which individual emotions and affects influence global processes on a large scale and vice versa.^

Racialized Sexualities within the Romance Tour Industry: the Influence of Affect and Emotion Upon Transnational Hierarchies of Desire

Online international introduction sites that offer romance tours to American men in search of a foreign bride are an important and rapidly growing component of the internet dating industry; the number of these agencies in the U.S. tripled from two hundred to six hundred in the past 10 years. Previous scholars have examined the so-called ‘mail order bride’ industry in order to demonstrate that the women involved are agents and not victims. Many scholars have also highlighted the importance of race in shaping American men’s desires in one particular region or country. My dissertation provides an important addition to the literature surrounding romance tourism by including participants from all three major regions associated with romance tourism: Eastern Europe, South America, and Southeast Asia. I collected the data for the dissertation by becoming a participant observer of a romance tour in Ukraine, Colombia, and the Philippines. I argue that romance tourism is an important example of the global intimate, and the ways in which globalized processes are created and sustained through everyday intimate emotions and interactions. By examining the ways in which the emotions of desire, disgust, and anxiety influence individual romance tour participant’s constructions of racialized hierarchies, the links between individual emotions and global systems are revealed. The concept of the global intimate challenges the hierarchy of scale that places the body, the home, and the intimate on a much lower level than the scale of the global or the national, and at the same time challenges the binary that divides the individual from the global. Through highlighting the different emotional negotiations that are constantly occurring in the romance tour industry, I highlight the important ways in which individual emotions and affects influence global processes on a large scale and vice versa.

La flexibilité du temps de travail: entre autonomie et contraintes. Une étude de cas en Suisse.

Flexitime : between autonomy and constraints. A case study in SwitzerlandBy looking at how a new regulation is translated into everyday practices, this dissertation explores through a specific case study the degree of autonomy gained by wage-earners with the introduction of flexible working schedules. The guiding hypothesis is that by introducing procedural rules, flexitime opens the space for more daily negotiations, therefore reinforcing the effects of power relations inherent to employment relationships. The goal is to understand, through a sociological approach, how employees experience a form of working time that transfers responsibility for time management to them, and howthey integrate work-related constraints with their life outside the workplace. The first part of the dissertation sets up the context of the case study. It offers a definition of flexibility by situating it in the broader history of work time, as well as in relation to various organizational forms and cultural transformations. An international literature review and a focus on the Swiss case are offered. In the second part, the focus is narrowed to a specificSwiss firm specialized in mail-order, where a system of individualized management of annual work time has been introduced. By combining a quantitative and qualitative approach, it is possible to analyze determinants of the practices internal to the firm anddeterminants related to employees themselves, as well as the way in which employees articulate these two orders of constraints. The results show that the implementation of flexible working time is not affecting daily negotiation practices so much as it is creating a set of informal rules. The autonomy ofwage-earners is expressed first and foremost through their capacity to produce, negotiate, and legitimate these rules. The intraindividual level has proven to be central for the social regulation of flexible working time. It is not so much a question of legitimation, but rather the process of institutionalization nurtured by the energy invested by wage-earners in their personal quest for a compromise between their various roles, identities, and aspirations. It is this individualized regulation that is ensuring the success of the system under study.

Las caras de las venta directa por catálogo

La venta directa por catálogo es presentada a las mujeres por medio de un discurso que caracteriza a la actividad como la posibilidad de crear un negocio, el cual oculta diferentes aspectos de las condiciones laborales de la actividad. En este marco, este trabajo de grado preguntar por los motivos de vinculación y permanencia de las mujeres de Tunjuelito a esta actividad. Esta pregunta se estructura a partir de una comprensión de la actividad desde una dimensión objetiva y subjetiva. El análisis de la actividad se propone a partir de 3 caras que ilustran la heterogeneidad de estrategias de permanencia y prácticas que utilizan las mujeres para desarrollar la actividad. La discusión se da desde las perspectivas teóricas de trabajo informal, precariedad y tercerizacion en conjunto con un trabajo de campo realizado con las vendedoras en la localidad.

La casa industrializada : seis propuestas para este milenio

La Casa Industrializada supone el ideal de realizar la casa unifamiliar a través de la potencia y los procedimientos de la industria. Como tal, la casa supone un producto industrial más sujeto a la lógica de la reproducción y del consumo. Como producto de consumo la casa debe establecerse como objeto de deseo, accesible al grupo de usuarios-consumidores al que va dirigido. El sueño de la Casa Industrializada se origina en la primera Revolución Industrial y se consolida en la segunda tras la producción del Ford T y la adhesión de los padres del movimiento moderno. A lo largo de su historia se han sucedido casos de éxito y fracaso, los primeros con la realización de un producto de imagen convencional y los segundos la mayor parte de las veces dirigidos por arquitectos. El sueño de la Casa Industrializada de la mano de arquitectos está comenzando a ser una realidad en Japón, Suecia y Estados Unidos a través de marcas como MUJI, Arkitekthus y Living Homes, pero aún dista de ser un hecho extendido en nuestra sociedad. Para que este ideal se cumpla deberá ofrecer valores que permita a la sociedad hacerlo suyo. La Tesis busca analizar la historia y la metodología de la Casa Industrializada, desde el diseño a la comercialización con el fin de ofrecer esos valores en forma de propuestas para la Casa Industrializada en este milenio. La casa como producto industrial-producto de consumo supera las lógicas tradicionales de la arquitectura para operar dentro del contexto de la producción industrial y la reproducción de los objetos. En este sentido es necesario establecer no solo la forma y construcción de la casa sino los mecanismos de reproducción con sus pertinentes eficiencias. La Casa industrializada no se construye, se monta, y para ello utiliza las estrategias de la construcción en seco, la prefabricación, el uso de componentes y los materiales ligeros. Desde la lógica del consumo, la casa debe dirigirse a un determinado público, no es más la casa para todos, característica de las situaciones de crisis y de emergencia. La casa se enfrenta a un mercado segmentado, tanto en cultura, como en deseos y poderes adquisitivos. En la cuestión del diseño debe plantearse más como diseño de producto que como diseño arquitectónico. La Casa Industrializada no es el fruto de un encargo y de una acción singular, debe ofrecerse lista para adquirir y para ser reproducida. Esta reproducción se puede dar tanto en la forma de modelos cerrados o sistemas abiertos que permitan la personalización por parte de los usuarios. Desde el ámbito cultural es necesario entender que la casa es más que una máquina de habitar, es un receptor de emociones, forma parte de nuestra memoria y nuestra cultura. La casa como producto social es una imagen de nosotros mismos, define la manera en la que nos situamos en el mundo y por tanto supone una definición de estatus. En esto, la Tesis se apoya en los textos de Baudrillard y su análisis de la sociedad de consumo y el papel de los objetos y su valor como signo. La Tesis realiza un repaso de los procedimientos industriales con especial énfasis en la producción automovilística y sitúa la evolución de la Casa Industrializada en relación a la evolución de los avances en los sistemas de producción industrial y las transferencias desde las industrias del automóvil y aeronáutica. La tesis se completa con una serie de casos de estudio que parten de las primeras casas de venta por correo de principios del siglo XX, pasando por las propuestas de Gropius, Fuller, el Case Study House Program, Prouvé, Sota y acaban con la situación actual. La Casa Industrializada ha mantenido una serie de valores a lo largo de su historia, como ideal, forma un cuerpo estable de propuestas que no se ha modificado a lo largo del tiempo. Con respecto a este nuevo milenio este ideal no debe ser cambiado sino simplemente actualizado y adaptado a los métodos de producción y las necesidades, sueños y exigencias de la sociedad de hoy. ABSTRACT The industrialized House provides an ideal to manufacture the house through the power and strategies of the industry. As such, the house becomes an industrial product that respond to the logic of reproduction and consumption. As a comodity, the house must become a desirable object, accessible to the group of the consumers to which is targeted The dream of the Industrialized home is originated in the First Industrial Revolution and it is consolidated in the second one after Ford´s production of Model T and the incorporation of the principal figures of the modern movement to the ideal of making houses at the factories. Throughout history there have been cases of success and failure, the first with the completion of a product of conventional image and the second most often led by architects. Industrialized dream house made by architects is starting to become a reality in Japan, Sweden and the United States through brands such as MUJI, Arkitekthus and Living Homes, but still far from beeing a widespread fact in our society. To fulfill this ideal, it should provide values that society could accept as of their own. The Thesis seeks to analyze the history and methodology of industrialized house, from design to marketing in order to offer these values in the form of proposals for industrialized house in this millennium. The house as an industrial-product-comodity extend beyond the traditional architectural logic to operate within the context of industrial production and the reproduction of objects. In this sense it is necessary to establish not only the shape and construction of the house but the mechanisms of reproduction with its relevant efficiencies. Industrialized house is not built it is assembled, and it uses the strategies of dry construction, prefabrication, using lightweight materials and components. From the logic of consumption, the house must go to a certain audience, it is no longer the home for all that is characteristic of crisis respond and emergency. The house faces a segmented market, both in culture and desires and purchasing power. On the question of design it must be considered more like product design than architectural design. Industrialized House is not the result of a commission and a singular action, it should be offered pret-a-porter and able to be reproduced. This reproduction can be given in form of closed or open systems models that allow its customization by users. From the cultural sphere is necessary to understand that the house is more than a machine for living, is a recipient of emotions, is part of our memory and our culture. The home as a social product is an image of ourselves, defines the way in which we place ourselves in the world and therefore represents a definition of status. In this aspect, the thesis is based on the texts of Baudrillard and his analysis of consumption society and the role of objects and its value as a sign in it. The thesis makes a review of the industrial processes with emphasis on automotive production and places the evolution of industrialized House in relation to the evolution of developments in industrial production systems and transfers from the automotive and aeronautics industries. The thesis is completed with a series of case studies that starts from the first mail order houses from the early twentieth century, going through the proposal of Gropius, Fuller, the Case Study House Program, Prouvé, Sota and end up with the current situation. Industrialized House has held a series of values throughout its history, as an ideal, forms a stable corps of proposals that has not changed over time. Regarding this new millennium this ideal should not be changed but simply be updated and adapted to production methods and needs, dreams and demands of today's society.

Essays in Personal Transportation Demand and Consumer Finance

This dissertation is composed of three essays covering two areas of interest. The first topic is personal transportation demand with a focus on price and fuel efficiency elasticities of mileage demand, challenging assumptions common in the rebound effect literature. The second topic is consumer finance with a focus on small loans. The first chapter creates separate variables for fuel prices during periods of increasing and decreasing prices as well as an observed fuel economy measure to empirically test the equivalence of these elasticities. Using a panel from Germany from 1997 to 2009 I find a fuel economy elasticity of mileage of 53.3%, which is significantly different from the gas price elasticity of mileage during periods of decreasing gas prices, 4.8%. I reject the null hypothesis or price symmetry, with the elasticity of mileage during period of increasing gas prices ranging from 26.2% and 28.9%. The second chapter explores the potential for the rebound effect to vary with income. Panel data from U.S. households from 1997 to 2003 is used to estimate the rebound effect in a median regression. The estimated rebound effect independent of income ranges from 17.8% to 23.6%. An interaction of income and fuel economy is negative and significant, indicating that the rebound effect may be much higher for low income individuals and decreases with income; the rebound effect for low income households ranged from 80.3% to 105.0%, indicating that such households may increase gasoline consumption given an improvement in fuel economy. The final chapter documents the costs of credit instruments found in major mail order catalogs throughout the 20th century. This study constructs a new dataset and finds that the cost of credit increased and became stickier as mail order retailers switched from an installment-style closed-end loan to a revolving-style credit card. This study argues that revolving credit's ability to decrease salience of credit costs in the price of goods is the best explanation for rate stickiness in the mail order industry as well as for the preference of revolving credit among retailers.

Gestão do e-mail: dos benefícios pessoais à eficiência organizacional: o caso do Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo

O e-mail é atualmente a principal forma de comunicação das organizações. A informação existente nos e-mails representa uma elevada dimensão do capital não tangível das empresas, o Conhecimento. Na realidade, a gestão do e-mail dentro da organização é realizada por cada colaborador individualmente. Contudo, e tendo em conta o volume de informação criada, a forma como o e-mail é gerido levanta algumas questões. O objetivo geral deste estudo é conhecer como é feita a gestão de e-mail nos Serviços do Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo (IPVC), analisando a forma de utilização do e-mail, de modo a obter elementos que permitam desenvolver normas/orientações para melhoria desta gestão. A metodologia utilizada para a elaboração deste trabalho de investigação recaiu sobre o Método Quadripolar, através do estudo de caso, para analisar a gestão do e-mail nos Serviços do IPVC. Foi elaborado um inquérito por questionário numa primeira fase, dirigido a todas as Instituições Públicas de Ensino Superior em Portugal sobre a existência de politicas de gestão de e-mail e, posteriormente, um questionário dirigido a todos os funcionários de todos os Serviços do IPVC no sentido de perceber de que forma se lida com o e-mail e com a sua gestão no contexto laboral de uma organização. A análise de dados foi efetuada através do estabelecimento da relação/associação entre variáveis com recurso à estatística descritiva. Os resultados demonstram que ainda há um longo caminho a percorrer uma vez que ainda não há uma consciencialização permanente para a importância do e-mail, bem como da sua gestão, no sentido de conseguir recuperar a informação de uma forma célere e garantir a preservação do e-mail a longo prazo.

Validade e aplicabilidade do questionário internacional de atividade física aplicado via e-mail em adultos

Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC

O assunto do e-mail como indício de fraude: contribuições da organização da informação para a prevenção criminal

Pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação - FFC

Genetics and competing strategies in a threshold model for mail processing

Multi-agent algorithms inspired by the division of labour in social insects are applied to a problem of distributed mail retrieval in which agents must visit mail producing cities and choose between mail types under certain constraints.The efficiency (i.e. the average amount of mail retrieved per time step), and the flexibility (i.e. the capability of the agents to react to changes in the environment) are investigated both in static and dynamic environments. New rules for mail selection and specialisation are introduced and are shown to exhibit improved efficiency and flexibility compared to existing ones. We employ a genetic algorithm which allows the various rules to evolve and compete. Apart from obtaining optimised parameters for the various rules for any environment, we also observe extinction and speciation. From a more theoretical point of view, in order to avoid finite size effects, most results are obtained for large population sizes. However, we do analyse the influence of population size on the performance. Furthermore, we critically analyse the causes of efficiency loss, derive the exact dynamics of the model in the large system limit under certain conditions, derive theoretical upper bounds for the efficiency, and compare these with the experimental results.

Workplace interactions and the polymorphic role of e-mail

Purpose - One of the principal organizational developments in the last decade has been the pervasive influence of computer mediated communication (CMC) tools. The purpose of this paper is to closely interrogate the day-to-day role of e-mail in explicating, influencing and shaping social and information interactions within an organization. Design/methodology/approach - A series of in-depth interviews (n = 29) were undertaken to elicit employee opinions on their e-mail adaptation, experiences and practices. Findings - The paper provides insights into the polymorphic role of e-mail, particularly the way in which it is adapted by individuals within the organization. Specifically, it shows how this tool interacts within day-to-day work activities and tasks. Research limitations/implications - This paper investigates only one CMC tool, e-mail, although it is envisaged that this initial work will be used to raise a new understanding of the socially skilled adaptation of other CMC tools by employees as well as leaders. Practical implications- Previously unreported insights into employee opinion are delineated in order to provide a focus from which organizations can train and develop their employees and leaders to maximise knowledge creation within the organization. Originality/value - This study assesses CMC from an under-researched "real-life" perspective in which everyday interactions are used to understand employee reactions to e-mail communication and hence foster an atmosphere in which these interactions assist organizational development.

Smart mail – a smart platform for mail management

Email is a key communication format in a digital world, both for professional and/or personal usage. Exchanged messages (both human and automatically generated) have reached such a volume that processing them can be a great challenge for human users that try to do it on a daily basis and in an efficient manner. In fact, a significant amount of their time is spent searching and getting context information (normally historic information) in order to prepare a reply message or to take a decision/action, when compared to the actual time required for writing a reply. Therefore, it is of utmost importance for this process to use both automatic and semi-automatic mechanisms that allow to put email messages into context. Since context information is given, not only by historical email messages but also inferred from the relationship between contacts and/or organizations present in the messages, the existence of navigation mechanisms (and even exploration ones) between contacts and entities associated to email messages, is of fundamental importance. This is the main purpose of the SMART Mail prototype, which architecture, data visualization and exploration components and AI algorithms, are presented throughout this paper.

Emergent Antiferromagnetism Out Of The Hidden-order" State In Uru2si2: High Magnetic Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance To 40 T."

Very high field (29)Si-NMR measurements using a fully (29)Si-enriched URu(2)Si(2) single crystal were carried out in order to microscopically investigate the hidden order (HO) state and adjacent magnetic phases in the high field limit. At the lowest measured temperature of 0.4 K, a clear anomaly reflecting a Fermi surface instability near 22 T inside the HO state is detected by the (29)Si shift, (29)K(c). Moreover, a strong enhancement of (29)K(c) develops near a critical field H(c) ≃ 35.6 T, and the ^{29}Si-NMR signal disappears suddenly at H(c), indicating the total suppression of the HO state. Nevertheless, a weak and shifted (29)Si-NMR signal reappears for fields higher than H(c) at 4.2 K, providing evidence for a magnetic structure within the magnetic phase caused by the Ising-type anisotropy of the uranium ordered moments.