中文MMPI与MMPI－2效度量表及临床量表的比较研究

This study is aimed at examining the degree of the basic scales (validity scales and clinical scales) between The Chinese MMPI and MMPI-2. Four samples (include schizophrenia, affective disorder, neuroses and normal subjects) of 236 subjects completed MMPI/MMPI-2 Combined Questionnaires in groups. The concordance rate for total code types was 90.1%. For 1-point, 2-point, 3-point and elevated code types, they were separately 81.6%, 65.8%, 49.2%, 64%. Only 56.8% of men compared to 73.8% of the women showed concordance in 2-ponit code types between MMPI and MMPI-2. And 58% of normal subjects compared to 48% of the schizophrenia subjects showed concordance in 3-point code types. Of the 236 cases, 156 (66.1%) had code types that were "well-defined" (1-, 2- or 3-point). 1-point, 2-point, 3-point well-defined code types respectively were 38.6%, 29.7%, 21.6%. For 2-point code types which were well-defined, the concordances was 84.3%, 82.8%, 85.7% (all the cases, men, women), higher than 64.4%, 56.8%, 72.9% when they were free-defined. 96.4% of subjects with incongruent 2-point code types had one of the scales in their MMPI code types with MMPI-2 code types. When deference caused by the use of uniform T-scores and new norms in MMPI-2 were found, the differences typically in code types congruence were not very great. Comparison of mean scores for the validity and clinical scales, 7 raw scores and 12 T-scores showed significant difference for MMPI versus MMPI-2 (Form). In spite of significant mean differences, correlational analyses show correlations above 0.92 for the raw scores and T-scores for each gender. All these results showed the good consistence between MMPI and MMPI-2 in basic scales, and showed MMPI-2 should be studied deeply.

The relationship among malingering, psychopathy, and the MMPI-2 validity scales in maximum security forensic psychiatric inpatients

The records of 392 men hospitalized in a maximum security forensic psychiatric hospital were reviewed. Demographic information was collected as well as data from the men's performance on the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2). Prevalence rates for malingering were low across the sample. However, results of chi-square analysis revealed that those who scored high on the PCL-R received a diagnosis of malingering significantly more frequently than those who scored low on the PCL-R. Clinical applications and theoretical implications of the results are discussed.

Adult Attachment Style on the MMPI-2: Does an Elevated Scale 4 Predict Dismissing Attachment?

This study examines some aspects of Caldwell's (200 I) hypotheses about the adaptations associated with elevations on the clinical scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Assessment-2 (MMPI-2). The argument is made that the adaptation to early rejection and neglect, which he attributes to Scale 4, parallels the adaptation represented by a dismissing attachment. Archival data of 72 individuals who completed assessment batteries that included both the MMPI-2 and that Adult Attachment Projective (AAP) were analyzed to determine if there was a relationship between elevations on Scale 4 and classification as dismissing attachment. No significant relationship was found for the primary hypothesis; however, some small effects were noted in related exploratory analyses. Possible reasons for the lack of a significant result are discussed a well as directions for future research.

The MMPI-2 Gender-Masculine and Gender-Feminine scales: Gender roles as predictors of psychological health in clinical patients

Previous research measuring various biosocial factors such as age, sex, and marital status has found them to be essentially unrelated to measures of psychological health. Recent empirical studies have revealed that personality constructs may be more significant than demographic variables in the prediction of psychological well-being. The present study assessed the personality constructs of masculinity and femininity and hypothesized that the Gender-Masculine ( GM) scale of the MMPI-2 would be more effective than the Gender-Feminine (GF) scale in predicting psychological well-being. This hypothesis stems from previous research that has indicated the dominance of the masculinity model. It is suggested that previous research supporting androgyny as a primary indicator of well-being was influenced by the masculinity component of this gender orientation. One hundred and seventy-seven psychiatric patients from Australia (N = 107) and Singapore ( N 5 70) completed the MMPI-2. Hierarchical multiple regression revealed significantly stronger masculinity effects, with significance achieved on measures of ego strength and low self-esteem. No significant relationship between psychological well-being and the GF variable was found. Similarly, androgyny did not add any further variance to the model when masculinity was controlled for. Overall, the results are consistent with an interpretation that GM is a better correlate of psychological well-being as compared to the GF scale.

An Exploration of the relationship between psychopathy and the MMPI-2

This thesis examined the degree to which a self-report personality assessment (MMPI-2) could assess varying underlying facets of psychopathy (as measured by a clinician rating tool, the PCL-R). The results indicated that whilst the MMPI-2 scales used were able to capture some elements of psychopathy, overall these scales were poor measures of the core psychopathic features.

A known-groups evaluation of the Response Bias Scale in a neuropsychological setting

We evaluated the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Second Edition (MMPI-2) Response Bias Scale (RBS). Archival data from 83 individuals who were referred for neuropsychological assessment with no formal diagnosis (n = 10), following a known or suspected traumatic brain injury (n = 36), with a psychiatric diagnosis (n = 20), or with a history of both trauma and a psychiatric condition (n = 17) were retrieved. The criteria for malingered neurocognitive dysfunction (MNCD) were applied, and two groups of participants were formed: poor effort (n = 15) and genuine responders (n = 68). Consistent with previous studies, the difference in scores between groups was greatest for the RBS (d = 2.44), followed by two established MMPI-2 validity scales, F (d = 0.25) and K (d = 0.23), and strong significant correlations were found between RBS and F (rs = .48) and RBS and K (r = −.41). When MNCD group membership was predicted using logistic regression, the RBS failed to add incrementally to F. In a separate regression to predict group membership, K added significantly to the RBS. Receiver-operating curve analysis revealed a nonsignificant area under the curve statistic, and at the ideal cutoff in this sample of >12, specificity was moderate (.79), sensitivity was low (.47), and positive and negative predictive power values at a 13% base rate were .25 and .91, respectively. Although the results of this study require replication because of a number of limitations, this study has made an important first attempt to report RBS classification accuracy statistics for predicting poor effort at a range of base rates.

Psycho-physio dynamics in violin-piano duo: a pianist's perspective

The case study looked at psychological and physiological responses to stress in musicians, comparing a newly formed and a consolidated violin-piano duo. The common element between these duos was the pianist. Using the psychological tests (STAI Y1 and Y2, K-MPAI, MMPI-2, ICAC), the immunoassay saliva test to measure cortisol (stress hormone) and non- invasive device VitalJacket® developed at the University of Aveiro, Portugal, participants were monitored under various performance conditions. Others quantitative and qualitative dataset were collected including a pianist’s personal diary (analyzed by psychiatrist), semi-structured interviews with members of long-terms chamber music duo and perceptual evaluations (listening test) of the performances by expert listeners. The variables included two performance venues (European university and secondary school), as well as well-known repertoire, recently known repertoire and newly known repertoire. The latter was given approximately one week before each recital. The psychological and physiological dataset were collected for a total of eight recitals – two series of four recitals each. The unexpected results show that state anxiety levels and stress of the pianist, who does not present an anxious profile, either in social or in musical terms, are always higher when playing with a well-known partner. Possible explanations may be due to the highest expectations for quality of performance and implications of mirror neurons (since the reactions are very different according to the partner). In other words, the “known” (i.e., the consolidated duo) can become “trapped” within a predetermined space, especially at the psychological level, while the “unknown” (the occasional duo) seems to be less involved and therefore more reassuring and exciting in positive terms. In addition, the preference of the expert audience is for the consolidated duo.

L'évaluation de la structure de personnalité d'un échantillon de fraudeurs québécois judiciarisés

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Efectividad del tratamiento con neurofeedback en trastornos del estado del ánimo, ansiedad y fibromialgia: una revisión de literatura

El neurofeedback es una técnica no invasiva en la que se pretende corregir, mediante condicionamiento operante, ondas cerebrales que se encuentren alteradas en el electroencefalograma. Desde 1967, se han conducido numerosas investigaciones relacionadas con los efectos de la técnica en el tratamiento de alteraciones psicológicas. Sin embargo, a la fecha no existen revisiones sistemáticas que reúnan los temas que serán aquí tratados. El aporte de este trabajo es la revisión de 56 artículos, publicados entre los años 1995 y 2013 y la evaluación metodológica de 29 estudios incluidos en la revisión. La búsqueda fue acotada a la efectividad del neurofeedback en el tratamiento de depresión, ansiedad, trastorno obsesivo compulsivo (TOC), ira y fibromialgia. Los hallazgos demuestran que el neurofeedback ha tenido resultados positivos en el tratamiento de estos trastornos, sin embargo, es una técnica que aún está en desarrollo, con unas bases teóricas no muy bien establecidas y cuyos resultados necesitan de diseños metodológicamente más sólidos que ratifiquen su validez.

Lo sviluppo di disturbi psichiatrici in pazienti hcv+ sottoposti a terapia antivirale: L'impatto dei nuovi farmaci

Introduzione:l’interferone (IFN) usato per l’eradicazione del virus dell’Epatite C, induce effetti collaterali anche riferibili alla sfera psichica. I dati sugli eventi avversi di tipo psichiatrico dei nuovi farmaci antivirali (DAA) sono limitati. Lo scopo di questo studio è di valutare lo sviluppo di effetti collaterali di tipo psichiatrico in corso di due distinti schemi di trattamento: IFN-peghilato e ribavirina [terapia duplice (standard o SOC)]; DAA in associazione a IFN-peghilato e ribavirina (terapia triplice). Metodi: pazienti HCV+ consecutivi seguiti presso l’Ambulatorio delle Epatiti Croniche della Semeiotica Medica del Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche dell’Università di Bologna in procinto di intraprendere un trattamento antivirale a base di IFN, sottoposti ad esame psicodiagnostico composto da intervista clinica semistrutturata e test autosomministrati: BDI, STAXI-2, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, MMPI – 2. Risultati: Sono stati arruolati 84 pazienti, 57/84 (67.9%) nel gruppo in triplice e 27/84 nel gruppo SOC. Quasi tutti i pazienti arruolati hanno eseguito l’intervista clinica iniziale (82/84; 97.6%), mentre scarsa è stata l’aderenza ai test (valori missing>50%). Ad eccezione dell’ansia, la prevalenza di tutti gli altri disturbi (irritabilità, astenia, disfunzioni neurocognitive, dissonnia) aumentava in corso di trattamento. In corso di terapia antivirale 43/84 (51.2%) hanno avuto bisogno di usufruire del servizio di consulenza psichiatrica e 48/84 (57.1%) hanno ricevuto una psicofarmacoterapia di supporto, senza differenze significative fra i due gruppi di trattamento. Conclusioni : uno degli elementi più salienti dello studio è stata la scarsa aderenza ai test psicodiagnostici, nonostante l’elevata prevalenza di sintomi psichiatrici. I risultati di questo studio oltre ad evidenziare l’importanza dei sintomi psichiatrici in corso di trattamento e la rilevanza della consulenza psicologica e psichiatrica per consentire di portare a termine il ciclo terapeutico previsto (migliorandone l’efficacia), ha anche dimostrato che occorre ripensare gli strumenti diagnostici adattandoli probabilmente a questo specifico target.

Cerebral connectivity and psychotic personality traits : A diffusion tensor imaging study

This study aims to investigate the relationship between regional connectivity in the brain white matter and the presence of psychotic personality traits, in healthy subjects with psychotic traits. Thirteen healthy controls were administered the MMPI-2, to assess psychotic traits and, according to MMPI results, a dichotomization into a group of "high-psychotic" and "low-psychotic" was performed. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used as a non-invasive measure, in order to obtain information about the fractional anisotropy (FA), an intravoxel index of local connectivity and, by means of a voxelwise approach, the between-group differences of the FA values were calculated. The "high-psychotic" group showed higher FA in the left arcuate fasciculus. Subjects with low scores for psychotic traits had significantly higher FA in the corpus callosum, right arcuate fasciculus, and fronto-parietal fibers. In line with previous brain imaging studies of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, our results suggest that psychotic personality traits are related to altered connectivity and brain asymmetry.

Motivación y personalidad : Estudio experimental a partir del MIM y MMPI.

Estudiar los conceptos más importantes de la dinámica del comportamiento humano para conocer las relaciones entre motivación y personalidad. Para la aplicación del Método de Instrucción Motivacional (MIM) son 237 religiosas en período de formación y para aplicar el Inventario Multifásico de la Personalidad de Minnesota (MMPI) son 379 sujetos. El estudio de la correlación entre los dos cuestionarios utiliza a 216 sujetos. Analiza el concepto y los niveles de integración de la personalidad, explica las dimensiones y variables fundamentales de la misma y examina las teorías existentes. Después estudia el concepto y las teorías relativas a la motivación, y expone la utilidad y el significado de los instrumentos de la investigación. Posteriormente ofrece los resultados obtenidos con la aplicación de los instrumentos y examina la relación entre los mismos . El Método de Inducción Motivacional (MIM) y el Inventario Multifásico de la Personalidad de Minnesota (MMPI). El MIM es un método que utiliza unas categorías para clasificar el contenido motivacional, éstas son: Yo, Realización, Autorealización, Contacto, Exploración, Trascendencia, Posesión y Diversión. mientras que el MMPI tiene como objetivo proporcionar una evaluación objetiva de algunas de las más importantes dimensiones de la personalidad relacionadas con la adaptación personal y social del sujeto. 1) En el contenido motivacional, MIM: a) se diferencian dos zonas, una zona del yo, donde se integran las frecuencias más altas en las categorías del Yo, de la Realización y Autorealización.Y la otra es la zona del Contacto, que recoge las frecuencias significativas en las categorías del Contacto. Por lo cual, podemos hablar de una dirección egótica motivacional en la zona del yo. Resalta la dimensión estática y contemplativa y el aspecto de dinamismo interior; b) Un aspecto que hay que considerar es la dirección alternante referente a las motivaciones de Contacto, ya que la relación interpersonal puede tomar una dirección centrífuga y otra centrípeta. Además, existe otra dirección denominada intencional que pertenece a las motivaciones de trascendencia. Se podría afirmar que las motivaciones centrífugas, con tendencia a las relaciones con las personas, predominando un altruismo y una apertura al mundo y a las cosas, reflejan personalidades equilibradas, abiertas, maduras y sólidas. Sin embargo, las motivaciones centrífugas, que manifiestan cómo los individuos se quedan más en sí mismo, en su limitación, sin abrirse y salir hacia fuera, reflejan personalidades más inmaduras, menos ricas y menos comunicativas. El horizonte abierto a la comunicación en general con personas, ambientes, cosas y a la acción subraya ser más eficaz y constructivo. 2) En el MMPI, el perfil de los sujetos está definido por los tres factores encontrados en el análisis factorial: a) El factor I, que se define como personalidad problemática incontrolada, presenta un comportamiento problemático en la lima de desviación de la personalidad; b) El factor II está definido como introversión social y clínicamente representa la disposición psicológica de la personalidad; c) El factor III es el definido como depresión social que en límites clínicos se puede dar una introversión psicotécnica y esquizofrénica. 3) La interrelación de los dos instrumentos MMI y MMPI se da en dos direcciones: a) Se puede hablar de una estabilización del yo contra las desviaciones de personalidad, sugeridas por los extremos clínicos de las escalas del MMPI. Se pueden agrupar en el núcleo antipsicótico y antineurótico. Las escalas de motivaciones de estabilización del yo son Realización, Autorealización y Contacto centrífugo. b) Por otro lado, se puede hablar de una debilidad psicótica y neurótica, propia de las categorías con dimensión más egocéntrica y pasiva. Se manifiesta en las categorías Contacto centrípedo, Exploración y el yo según sus orientaciones estáticas y pasivas. 1) Se da convergencia de formas motivacionales y de estructura de personalidad. 2) El hecho de que los impulsos motivacionales vienen a dar una orientación determina el tipo de personalidad. Es decir, la personalidad queda expresada con sus características determinadas en los contenidos y en las formas motivacionales.

Relaci??n entre el MMPI y el HSPQ en una muestra de adolescentes

Estudiar los factores de la personalidad mediante un estudio experimental. 141 sujetos de Las Palmas, 79 son chicas y 62 chicos. Todos realizan estudios en centros estatales de ense??anza media, en los cursos de COU, tercero y segundo de BUP. Ofrece unos presupuestos te??ricos centrados en la teor??a factorialista de Cattell y su af??n de estudiar cient??ficamente la personalidad, m??s una breve exposici??n de la nomenclatura y de la utilidad que tienen los dos tests que va a utilizar en el estudio experimental. Despu??s explica en qu?? consiste dicho estudio y concluye con los resultados obtenidos en un estudio de casos. Cuestionarios Hight School Personality Questionnaire (HSPQ) y Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Se aplican las pruebas HSPQ y MMPI y despu??s se analizan los resultados hallando la media del grupo femenino y la del masculino para obtener las diferencias existentes en la personalidad de ambos grupos. Para obtener mayor informaci??n sobre las dimensiones de la personalidad se realiza un estudio de casos. 1) En los resultados generales de grupo se deduce que: a) En las chicas se da una mayor sensibilidad e impaciencia, con ciertos sentimientos de inseguridad, reflejando sus problemas psicol??gicos a trav??s de la somatizaci??n; b) Los chicos poseen una mayor estabilidad emocional, son m??s dominantes y competitivos, dados a la acci??n y m??s resueltos en sus decisiones, aunque no se valoran en sus aut??nticas posibilidades. Mientras que los resultados en el estudio de casos: a) El perfil del sujeto femenino destaca por su gran iniciativa, optimismo, decisi??n, sociabilidad y no se encuentra atada por las costumbres sociales que le rodean, mostr??ndose rebelde con la autoridad, inconforme con el ambiente, agresiva e individualista. Adem??s presenta un Yo fuerte, estable, con ausencia de depresiones y con una normal preocupaci??n por la salud; b) El perfil masculino demuestra un sujeto acogedor y dispuesto a la cooperaci??n, con inteligencia general algo superior a la media. Tiene una considerable fuerza del Yo, es emocionalmente maduro y estable y con un temperamento bastante reflexivo. Pero presenta cierta dependencia del grupo y la b??squeda de aprobaci??n por un lado, y el deseo de autosuficiencia por otro. 1) La aplicaci??n del HSPQ ha permitido, por la asociaci??n con las escalas del MMPI, orientar de alguna manera las posibilidades cl??nicas de descripci??n de los factores de Cattell, a pesar de ser un test encaminado, m??s bien, a detectar la personalidad en sus formulaciones positivas de equilibrio y madurez. 2) Se confirma la orientaci??n bipolar de los factores del HSPQ, con las correlaciones positivas o negativas con el MMPI; al mismo tiempo que se apoyan o refutan las orientaciones positivas y negativas, respecto de la personalidad. 3) Igualmente en el MMPI, a trav??s de las correlaciones y sobre todo por medio del an??lisis factorial, se ha podido comprobar, c??mo no existe una enfermedad o desviaci??n psicopatol??gica por antonomasia, sino que se forma un conglomerado con todas ellas, aunque llevan un matiz definido.

Lasiodiplodan, an exocellular (1 -> 6)-beta-d-glucan from Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMPI: production on glucose, fermentation kinetics, rheology and anti-proliferative activity

Lasiodiplodan, an exopolysaccharide of the (1 -> 6)-beta-d-glucan type, is produced by Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMPI when grown under submerged culture on glucose. The objective of this study was to evaluate lasiodiplodan production by examining the effects of carbon (glucose, fructose, maltose, sucrose) and nitrogen sources (KNO3, (NH4)(2)SO4, urea, yeast extract, peptone), its production in shake flasks compared to a stirred-tank bioreactor, and to study the rheology of lasiodiplodan, and lasiodiplodan's anti-proliferative effect on breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Although glucose (2.05 +/- A 0.05 g L-1), maltose (2.08 +/- A 0.04 g L-1) and yeast extract (2.46 +/- A 0.06 g L-1) produced the highest amounts of lasiodiplodan, urea as N source resulted in more lasiodiplodan per unit biomass than yeast extract (0.74 +/- A 0.006 vs. 0.22 +/- A 0.008 g g(-1)). A comparison of the fermentative parameters of L. theobromae MMPI in shake flasks and a stirred-tank bioreactor at 120 h on glucose as carbon source showed maximum lasiodiplodan production in agitated flasks (7.01 +/- A 0.07 g L-1) with a specific yield of 0.25 +/- A 0.57 g g(-1) and a volumetric productivity of 0.06 +/- A 0.001 g L-1 h(-1). A factorial 2(2) statistical design developed to evaluate the effect of glucose concentration (20-60 g L-1) and impeller speed (100-200 rpm) on lasiodiplodan production in the bioreactor showed the highest production (6.32 g L-1) at 72 h. Lasiodiplodan presented pseudoplastic behaviour, and the apparent viscosity increased at 60A degrees C in the presence of CaCl2. Anti-proliferative activity of lasiodiplodan was demonstrated in MCF-7 cells, which was time- and dose-dependent with an IC50 of 100 mu g lasiodiplodan mL(-1).