Beyond Racial Precedents: Loving v. Virginia as an Appropriate Legal Model and Strategy for Same-Sex Marriage Litigation

This thesis explores how LGBT marriage activists and lawyers have employed a racial interpretation of due process and equal protection in recent same-sex marriage litigation. Special attention is paid to the Supreme Court's opinion in Loving v. Virginia, the landmark case that declared anti-miscegenation laws unconstitutional. By exploring the use of racial precedent in same-sex marriage litigation and its treatment in state court cases, this thesis critiques the racial interpretation of due process and equal protection that became the basis for LGBT marriage briefs and litigation, and attempts to answer the question of whether a racial interpretation of due process and equal protection is an appropriate model for same-sex marriage litigation both constitutionally and strategically. The existing scholarly literature fails to explore how this issue has been treated in case briefs, which are very important elements in any legal proceeding. I will argue that through an analysis of recent state court briefs in Massachusetts and Connecticut, Loving acts as logical precedent for the legalization of same-sex marriage. I also find, more significantly, that although this racial interpretation of due process and equal protection represented by Loving can be seen as an appropriate model for same-sex marriage litigation constitutionally, questions remain about its strategic effectiveness, as LGBT lawyers have moved away from race in some arguments in these briefs. Indeed, a racial interpretation of Due Process and Equal Protection doctrine imposes certain limits on same-sex marriage litigation, of which we are warned by some Critical Race theorists, Latino Critical Legal theorists, and other scholars. In order to fully incorporate a discussion of race into the argument for legalizing same-sex marriage, the dangers posed by the black/white binary of race relations must first be overcome.

Brasil: proyección de la población por sexo y grupos de edades, 1960-2000

Incluye Bibliografía

Brasil: proyeccion de la poblacion por sexo y grupos de edades, 1960-2000

Incluye Bibliografía

Fecundidad diferencial según nivel de instrucción

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Costa Rica: proyección de la población económicamente activa, urbana y rural

Incluye Bibliografía

La fecundidad en Costa Rica según la Encuesta Nacional de Fecundidad

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Estudio de Costa Rica

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Objective optical classifier for tobacco leaves.

The main objective of the current research was to search the optimum method to segregate the most frequent color commercial quality classes of tobacco leaves (c.v. "Virginia"). These color classes cover the whole continuous color scale, between "Pale Lemon" and "Oxidated Brown". With the usual expert classification there exists a significant level of uncertainty . Within this research, several methods for data discrimination were tested, in order to solve uncertainty. Classification errors below 5% were obtained with this proposed classifier along two different seasons (1994&1995).

Nomination of John V. Graziano, of Virginia, to be inspector general, U.S. Department of Agriculture [microform] : hearing before the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, United States Senate, Ninety-seventh Congress, first session, July 20, 1981.

CIS Microfiche Accession Numbers: CIS 81 S161-27

The Comanches: a history of White's Battalion, Virginia Cavalry, Laurel Brig., Hampton Div., A.N.V., C.S.A. /

Reprint of the 1871 ed. published by Kelly, Piet and Co., Baltimore.

Flora virginica, exhibens plantas quas v.c. Johannes Clayton in Virginia observavit atque collegit. Easdem methodo sexuali disposuit, ad genera propria retulit, nominibus specificis insignivit, & minus cognitas descripsit Joh. Fred. Gronovius ...

Microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich., University Microfilms [n.d.] (American Culture Series, Reel 383.10)

Flora virginica, exhibens plantas quas v. c. Johannes Clayton in Virginia observavit atque collegit. Easdem methodo sexuali disposuit, ad genera propria retulit, nominibus specificis insignivit, & minus cognitas descripsit Joh. Fred. Gronovius ...

Paged continuously.

Senator from West Virginia : hearing before the Committee on Privileges and Elections, United States Senate, Seventy-fourth Congress, first session relative to the contests of Henry D. Hatfield v. Rush D. Holt for the seat in the United States Senate from the state of West Virginia. June l, 1935 ...

Printed for the use of the Committee on Privileges and Elections. Walter F. George, chairman.

Identidade e vida em Virginia Woolf : uma análise da expressão literária de um problema filosófico

Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Filosofia (especialidade Ontologia e Filosofia da Natureza)