Rome of the kings; an archæological setting for Livy and Virgil,

"Select bibliography": p. 237-242.

Observations on Tacitus. In which his character as a writer and an historian, is impartially considered, and compared with that of Livy.

Mode of access: Internet.

Livy, Books XXI and XXII;

Mode of access: Internet.

Livy, book V /

Text in Latin; notes in English.

Questions on Livy.

Mode of access: Internet.

Livy /

Mode of access: Internet.

Livy, books xxi-xxv, The Second Punic war /

Photocopy.

Livy, books XXI. an XXII.

Mode of access: Internet.

The twenty-first book of Livy. With explanatory and grammatical notes and a vocabulary of proper names.

Mode of access: Internet.

T. Livii Patavini Historiarum ab urbe condita libri I. II. = Livy's History of Rome (Part I.) Books I. II. /

Mode of access: Internet.

Livy's history of Rome, the first five books,

Mode of access: Internet.

La leyenda de la violación de Lucrecia y la articulación del relato del reinado de Tarquinio el Soberbio en Tito Livio ("Ab Urbe Condita" 1.49-60)

[ES] El propósito de este trabajo es el de mostrar cómo Livio elabora el episodio de la violación de Lucrecia de tal manera que se conecta con los restantes episodios del reinado de Tarquinio el Soberbio, formando una unidad tan estrecha y bien dispuesta que éste se convierte en el punto culminante de un proceso que comienza con el inicio del reinado del último monarca romano. Livio no se limita a seleccionar y disponer en una simple secuencia temporal los hechos que la tradición atribuía al segundo Tarquinio, sino que los elabora y ordena con vistas a conseguir un relato efectivo desde la perspectiva literaria y narrativa y, como consecuencia de ello, convincente desde el punto de vista moral, una de sus principales preocupaciones.

Polybius’ ‘previous landslide’: Proof that Hannibal’s invasion route crossed the col de la traversette

Both Polybius and Livy described a landslide/landslip that blocked the Punic Army’s exfiltration from a high col on the water divide in the Western Alps. The landslide, more aptly termed rockfall, has been a source of contention amongst classicists for centuries despite the fact that only two cols—Clapier and Traversette—exhibit rockfall debris on the lee side of the Alps. While the Clapier rockfall is too small and too young to have provided blockage, the Traversette debris is nearly as Polybius described it when he retraced the invasion route some 60 years after the event. His ‘two-tier’ description of the deposit, a doublet of younger and older rock rubble, including measurements of width and volume are close to modern measurements and prove that he knew, in advance, the route Hannibal had followed. It would take a practiced eye to correctly identify the stratigraphic complexity inherent in the Traversette Rockfall. Here we present weathering ratios, soil stratigraphic, mineral, chemical and microbiological evidence in support of Polybius’ observations as a considerable background database for future geoarchaeological exploration.