Livre concorrência e o dever da neutralidade tribut��ria

A an��lise do princ��pio constitucional da livre concorrência permite vislumbrar uma dimens��o que consiste na necessidade de prote����o da igualdade de condi����es de competi����o no mercado, da qual decorre o dever do Estado de manter a neutralidade da tributa����o, como atividade p��blica essencial, em rela����o �� concorrência. Existe, portanto, um dever estatal de manuten����o da neutralidade tribut��ria em face da livre concorrência entre agentes estabelecidos no mercado em igualdade de condi����es, o qual pode se manifestar, em um primeiro plano, atrav��s de um dever negativo ou de omiss��o. No entanto, em um segundo plano, imp��e um dever positivo ou de a����o, quando necess��ria a preserva����o do equil��brio do mercado.

O princ��pio constitucional da livre concorrência como instrumento de desenvolvimento socioecon��mico

The freedom of concurrence, firstly conceived as a simple market fundament in productive systems that recognized the productive forces freedom of action, appears as a clear instrument of protection and fomentation of the market, recognizing the importance of the simultaneous existence of various economic forces such the proper capitalism reason of constitution. It has, thus, a directly role linked to the fundamental idea that the market and its productive forces needed of a protection against itself, because it exists inside the market situations and circumstances, provoked or not, that could prejudice and even annihilate the its existence and functioning, whilst a complex role of productive forces presents at all economic creation space. It was the primacy of the classic liberalism, the first phase of the capitalism. The Constitutions, in that historic moment, did not proclaim any interference at the economic scenario, simply because it recognized the existence of an economic freedom prepared to justify and guarantee the market forces, with its own rules. Based on the structural changes that occurred at the following historic moments, inside the constitutionally recognized capitalism, it was verified changes in the ambit of treatment of the freedom of concurrence principle that, in a progressive way, passes to present a configuration more concerned with socialist and developing ideas, as long as not only a market guarantee. It emerges a freedom of concurrence which aim is instrumental, in relation to its objectives and constitutional direction as a role, and not anymore stagnant and with isolated treatment, in special at the constitutional systems the present s clear aspects of social interventions and guarantor of fundamental rights more extensive and harmonious. That change is located at a space of state actuation much more ample and juridical important, this time comprehending the necessity of managing the productive scenario aiming to reach a national social and economic development effectively guarantor of fundamental rights for all citizens. Those Constitutions take as point of starting that the social and economic development, and not only anymore the economic growth, is the effective way for concretization of these rights. In that way it needs to be observed and crystallized by political and juridical tools that respect the ideological fundamental spirit of the Constitutional Charters. In that scenario that seeks for solutions of rights accomplishment, in special the social rights, the constitutional principle of freedom of concurrence has been seen as an instrument for reaching bigger values and directives, such as the social justice, which only can be real at a State that can implement a comprehensive and permanent social and economic development. The freedom of concurrence tries to valorize and defend something larger and consonant to the political values expressed in the Constitutional Charters with social character, which is the right to a social and economical sustainable development, guarantor of more clear and compromised collective benefits with social justice. The origin of that constitutional imposition is not only supported by vague orientations of the economic space, but as integrated to it, with basis formed of normative and principles posted and prepared to produce effects at the proper reason of the Constitution

Paradigma constitucional brasileiro da livre concorrência e da defesa do consumidor face ��s estruturas de poder no mercado

The Federal Constitution of 1988, when taking care of the economical order, denotes special concern in the abuses of the economical power and the disloyal competition. The mark to mediate of all this is, in fact, the defense and the consumer's protection, once this is final addressee of whatever if it puts at the consumption market. The coming of the Law 8.078/90, Code of Protection and Defense of the Consumer, inaugurates a time of effective concern with the homogeneous individual interests originating from of the consumption relationships. In this point, the focus of main to face of the present work lives, in other words, the protection of the right to the individual property, especially manifests in the exercise of the trade freedom that keeps direct relationship with the respective social function the one that is destined. The code of the consumer's defense doesn't just take care of this, but also of the other star of the relationships of the consumption. When affirming in the interruption VI of the art. 4th that the national politics of those relationships, finds ballast in the prohibition and repression efficient of all of the abuses committed in the consumption relationships, keeping inherent relationship-causality in the economical order, sculpted for the article 170 in the Constitution of 1988. In the generic plan, the mark of the present work is to question concerning the limits of the trade freedom and previsible collisions with protection norms and the consumer's defense, as well as factual convergences of those small systems, especially in what he/she refers to the innate interests to the suppliers. In the specific plan, we aspirated to identify the protection device-commands to the actors of the trade relationship, capable to guarantee the free competition in a global economy of market, seeking especially the Well-being, for soon afterwards, in an analytical perspective, to discover the possible applications that it holds the Federal Constitution, in headquarters of economical freedoms. It was observed that the consumer today doesn't need only of laws that their needs, fruit of the vulnerability that it is him/her meditate innate. He/she lacks, yes, of effective mechanisms that prevent lesions that can be them impinged by the suppliers at the time in that you/they are useful to repair the damages when happened, punishing the author of the damage

O dumping ambiental no setor sucroalcooleiro �� luz do princ��pio da livre concorrência

The goal of this study is to investigate about the existence or absence of environmental dumping in the production of fuel ethanol in Brazil, as well as identifying the reasons why the figure of ecological dumping is pernicious to the principles enumerated in constitutional economic order, in particular the principle of free competition. In the twenty-first century environmental issues gained momentum and importance in these terms, which was seen as a mere fallacy given the concern of governments of various countries, after all, environmental protection shows up as the only means of bringing about the maintenance of life at planet. Indeed, it is essential to halt the drastic effects of climate change, and think fast and efficient solutions. Undoubtedly, the contemporary requirements that resulted in the transition to a new economy brings with it the duty of enterprise search for sustainability, and this behavior can not be passive, otherwise it is imperative to work hard and incessant economic agents, even if initially costs are high, this step will ensure a production accountable, transparent and free from accusations of environmental degradation. It is also intended to study the importance of the sector not only as a source of economic growth, but mainly, its contribution to national development, without forgetting that this is devoted in the Constitution of 1988 as one of the objectives of the Federative Republic of Brazil. In fact, the criticism most common perceptions about the production of biofuels, said the interests of the countries producing them in large scale, will eventually generate a exhaustion of soil and a significant increase in food prices. However, the ethanol produced in Brazil is unique in that it is produced from cane sugar, a product is not intended for human or animal, not to mention that the recovery of land just to the rotation with the planting other cultures. It is expected that environmental certifications are useful to demonstrate the quality of ethanol for export and to refute unfounded criticism. Finally, this study will be analyzed further solutions for the plants to develop an economic activity without damaging the environment and in compliance with Brazilian law

Do monop��lio �� livre concorrência: a liberdade religiosa no pensamento de Tavares Bastos (1839-1875)

P��s-gradua����o em Hist��ria - FCLAS

Medicamentos e livre concorrência

Inclui notas explicativas, bibliogr��ficas e bibliografia

Imunidade rec��proca e livre concorrência: considera����es acerca de sua frui����o por empresas estatais

This study begins with a brief overview of tax immu nities in general, dealing with the concept, legal, doctrinal ratings and limits. Then enters into the reciprocal immunity, since its birth in the United States, its justifica tions, until her current developments in the Brazilian Supreme Court, which has expanded it quite considerably. That Court has extended to state owned enterprises, even if pa id by public prices or rates, or if acts somewhat away from its essential functions, es pecially if they are public services provider. Given this linkage, these are also treate d in own topic, grounded in newer doctrinal proposals and less attached to historical formalisms (see such Supremacy of Public Interest over Private one). Public services are approached in its diversity, oblivious to traditional monolithic nature and accu stomed to the modern doctrine of fundamental human rights. It deals also the princip les of free enterprise and free competition, given that the public service provider s have lived intensely in this environment, be they public or private agents. In d ialectical topic, these institutes are placed in joint discussion, all in an attempt to in vestigate their interactions and propose criteria less generic and removed from real ity, to assess the legitimacy of the mutual enjoyment of immunity by certain agents. Sev eral cases of the Court are analyzed individually, checking in each one the app lication of the proposed criteria, such logical-deductive activity and theory of pract ice approach. At the end, the conclusions refer to a reciprocal immunity less rhe torical and ideological and more pragmatic and consequentialist. It is proposed the end to the general rules or abstract formulas of subsumption, with concerns on the one h and the actual maintenance of the federal pact, and on the other by a solid econo mic order without inapt advantages to certain players, which flatly contradicts the co nstitutional premises.

Regula����o e defesa da concorrência: bases conceituais e aplica����es do sistema de compet��ncias compartilhadas

Esta pesquisa discute configura����es institucionais ��timas e sugere, nas atuais circunst��ncias brasileiras, mecanismos de coopera����o inter-institucional, de sorte a maximizar a efici��ncia de a����es conjuntas entre ag��ncias regulat��rias e de defesa da concorrência, minimizando os custos de coordena����o. A pesquisa cont��m tr��s partes. A primeira discute aspectos te��ricos de um sistema de compet��ncias complementares entre a autoridade de defesa da concorrência e a ag��ncia regulat��ria, destacando suas eventuais vantagens comparativamente ��s poss��veis configura����es institucionais alternativas. A segunda cont��m breve sum��rio da experi��ncia hist��rico-concreta nos planos mundial e nacional, procurando situar, na medida do poss��vel, diferentes pa��ses e setores em tipologia sugerida na primeira parte. A terceira apresenta algumas recomenda����es de pol��tica.

A defesa da concorrência no Brasil : experi��ncia hist��rica, fundamentos te��ricos e a����o do Minist��rio P��blico Federal

A pol��tica de defesa da concorrência tem evolu��do como resposta ao processo hist��rico de concentra����o econ��mica e nas estruturas de mercado que ocorre no capitalismo. No Brasil, a evolu����o da pol��tica antitruste seguiu o aprofundamento das rela����es capitalistas e, tamb��m, o avan��o da constru����o da democracia. O Minist��rio P��blico, em sua atual fei����o, tamb��m �� fruto da constru����o da democracia no Brasil, cabendo-lhe o zelo pelo patrim��nio p��blico (no qual se insere o mercado interno do pa��s), pela ordem econ��mica e pela livre concorrência. A presente disserta����o trata da an��lise da pol��tica de defesa da concorrência no que concerne a sua hist��ria, �� sua atual situa����o e �� a����o do Minist��rio P��blico Federal no zelo por sua aplica����o. Assim, esse trabalho busca o entendimento do fen��meno hist��rico de concentra����o econ��mica no capitalismo, a compreens��o da percep����o te��rica das principais escolas das Ci��ncias Econ��micas a respeito da concentra����o econ��mica e da defesa da concorrência, o estudo da evolu����o hist��rica e da situa����o atual da pol��tica de defesa da concorrência nos principais centros capitalistas mundiais (Estados Unidos, Uni��o Europ��ia e Jap��o) e no Brasil no que concerne �� legisla����o e ��s ag��ncias antitruste; a an��lise das possibilidades de a����o judicial e extrajudicial do Minist��rio P��blico Federal para a defesa da concorrência dentro de suas atribui����es constitucionais e legais, a an��lise da atua����o efetiva do Minist��rio P��blico Federal na defesa da concorrência, consubstanciada em estudos de caso. Concluiu-se nesse estudo que a pol��tica brasileira de defesa da concorrência caracteriza-se pelo car��ter instrumental, aproximando-se da europ��ia, mas tamb��m adota conceitos oriundos da doutrina norte-americana. A pol��tica de defesa da concorrência pode se vincular �� implanta����o de pol��ticas p��blicas voltadas �� consecu����o de objetivos eleitos pela sociedade ��� indo al��m da coibi����o ��s formas delet��rias de concentra����o e ��s pr��ticas colusivas e cartelizantes e do incentivo �� competitividade, �� efici��ncia e �� inova����o. O Minist��rio P��blico Federal disp��e de amplos poderes de a����o para a consecu����o de sua miss��o de zelar pela livre concorrência, o que �� feito de forma efetiva.

O dumping e as normas internas de prote����o �� concorrência empresarial

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

A economia cl��ssica contra os fatos ou Sismondi entre os ricardianos

O artigo trata do debate ocorrido entre Sismondi e os economistas ricardianos, na primeira metade do s��culo dezenove, a respeito do equil��brio dos mercados, do papel da competi����o e dos efeitos da maquinaria nas sociedades industriais. A se����o inicial reconstitui os principais termos do discurso cr��tico de Sismondi direcionado �� ortodoxia cl��ssica. A seguir, detalham-se as respostas elaboradas por McCulloch e Torrens em defesa da livre concorrência, do car��ter ilimitado da demanda e do avan��o da mecaniza����o na atividade produtiva. A terceira se����o considera a argumenta����o posterior de Sismondi na qual ele reitera sua teoria das crises de superprodu����o a partir de uma abordagem hist��rica do capitalismo. Ao final, procede-se a uma breve avalia����o da heran��a ricardiana �� economia pol��tica em vista da controv��rsia examinada.

Rentabilidade e risco na comercializa����o agregada de energia el��trica

Disserta����o para obten����o do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrot��cnica na ��rea de Especializa����o de Energia

Desafios para a regula����o de um mercado competitivo de g��s natural no estado de S��o Paulo

O trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar os principais desafios e algumas propostas para a forma����o e regula����o de um mercado de g��s natural mais competitivo no Estado de S��o Paulo. S��o descritos, caracterizados e analisados os principais pontos do estudo: a estrutura da ind��stria, aspectos econ��micos, a regula����o do setor, e aprendizados de algumas experi��ncias internacionais. Posteriormente, s��o oferecidas alternativas que poderiam servir como possibilidades para o desenvolvimento de um mercado de livre concorrência mais amplo.