Tratamento conservador de trauma renal grave após litotripsia extracorpórea por ondas de choque

Subcapsular and perinephric hematomas are relatively common after shock-wave lithotripsy, but high-grade kidney injuries are extremely rare. We present the first case of a high-grade kidney injury after shock-wave lithotripsy managed conservatively. A 57-year-old white female patient with left 1.5cm superior ureteral calculi was submitted to shock-wave lithotripsy.

Nephrocalcinosis in a patient with complete distal renal tubular acidosis.

A 35-year-old patient, diagnosed with distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA), presented with metabolic acidosis (pH =7.1) together with hypokalaemia (2.8 meq/l), hyperlipidaemia and renal insuffi ciency (creatinine clearance = 60.8 ml/min). A 24 h urine examination showed an alkaline pH (7.5), hypercalciuria, hyperkaliuria hypocitraturia (1, 2 ,3). The patient was treated with potassium, citrate supplements and simvastatin . A typical renal colic occurred and an image study revealed considerable bilateral nephrocalcinosis, radio-opaque lithiasis in the left distal lumbar ureter and the right mid lumbar ureter with severe left ureter-hydronephrosis. Ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy of left lumbar fragments were performed, continuing with the medical treatment (4).

Tratamento cirúrgico da litíase vesical: revisão de literatura

Cálculos vesicais são raros e a maioria dos casos ocorre em homens adultos com obstrução infravesical. Atualmente, existem poucos dados sobre o melhor tratamento desta doença. O objetivo desta revisão foi discutir alguns aspectos da patogênese e abordar o tratamento da litíase vesical. Uma ampla pesquisa na base de dados da "National Library of Medicine"/Pubmed foi realizada com os seguintes unitermos e descritores: vesical ou bexiga associados a cálculo, pedra ou litíase, e cistolitotripsia. Cento e setenta e um artigos foram identificados. Os artigos foram avaliados independentemente por dois revisores com experiência em urolitíase. Foram incluídos quando os resultados, complicações e seguimento foram claramente reportados. No final, 32 estudos preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Nota-se que diversas opções para o tratamento da litíase vesical estão disponíveis, porém não há estudos randomizados comparando-as. Diferentes taxas de pacientes livres de cálculo são descritas, sendo: litotripsia extracorpórea com ondas de choque (75-100%), cistolitotripsia transureteroscópica (63-100%), cistolitotripsia percutânea (89-100%) e cirurgia aberta (100%). O acesso percutâneo apresenta menor morbidade com resultados semelhantes ao tratamento transuretral, enquanto a litotrispsia extracorpórea apresenta as menores de taxas de eliminação de cálculos e fica reservada aos pacientes de alto risco cirúrgico.

Litíase urinária e gestação

A litíase urinária é frequentemente diagnosticada durante a gestação. O diagnóstico de nefrolitíase assintomática durante a gestação não requer medidas adicionais, apenas o seguimento do pré-natal normal. Contudo, quando ocorre cólica renal ou complicações decorrentes da litíase urinária, medidas adicionais tornam-se necessárias. Nestes eventos, mais comuns nos últimos meses de gestação, há particularidades relacionadas ao quadro clínico, diagnóstico e tratamento específicos para esta população de pacientes. O presente artigo tem como objetivo revisar estes aspectos de litíase urinária na gestação à luz do conhecimento atual e da experiência pessoal dos autores.

Fatores litogênicos em pacientes com litíase urinária de Fortaleza, Ceará

Lithiasis is considered a public health issue due to its high prevalence and rates of recurrence. Objective: To identify risk factors for lithiasis in kidney stone patients from Fortaleza, Brazil. In the first stage of the study, the medical records of 197 patients with urinary lithiasis covering the period 1996 2006 were analyzed with regard to clinical and metabolic data. In the second stage, 340 kidney stones were submitted to morphological examination under 10x magnification. According to the external morphology and the cut surface, the stones were classified as pure or mixed, and major and minor components were identified. In addition, the stone fragments of 25 patients treated with lithotripsy were submitted to morphological analysis. In the third stage, a subsample of 50 stones was used in a double-blind comparison of morphological and chemical findings. Results were expressed as concordant, partly concordant (discordant for minor components) or discordant (discordant for major components). The average age of first symptoms was 35.8±13.3 years, with no significant difference between the genders. The male/female ratio was 1:1.7. Recurrence was reported in 53.3% of cases. The main metabolic changes observed were hypernatriuria (80.7%), hypercalciuria (48.7%), low urine volume (43.7%), hyperoxaluria (30.5%) and hyperuricosuria (17.3%). Pure stones represented 34.7% of the total sample of 340 stones. The most common route of elimination was spontaneous for pure stones (49.1%) and surgical for mixed stones (50.5%). Pure stones consisted most frequently of calcium oxalate (OxCa) (59.3%) and uric acid (UA) (23.7%), the former prevalent in women, the latter prevalent in men. The most frequently observed component in mixed stones was OxCa (67.1%), followed by carbapatite (11.2%) and struvite (7.9%). The main components were OxCa and UA for men, and carbapatite and struvite for women. Nearly half (48%) the 25 analyzed fragments were pure, consisting of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) (56%), calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) (48%), phosphate (32%) and UA (20%). Four patients (16%) had infectious stones. In the chemical analysis of the subsample of 50 stones, the most 64 frequently observed major components were calcium (70%), oxalate (66%), ammonium (56%), urate (28%) and carbonate (24%). In the morphological analysis, the main components were calcium and magnesium phosphate (32%), COM (24%), UA (20%), COD (18%) and cystine (6%). Morphological and chemical findings were totally concordant for 38% of the stones, partly concordant in 52% and discordant in 10%. Conclusion: The risk factors for lithiasis in kidney stone patients from Fortaleza (Brazil) were hyperoxaluria, hypercalciuria with or without hypernatriuria, hyperuricosuria and low urine volume

Avaliação de cálculos urinários em per-operatórios por imagem digital e técnicas físico-químicas e analíticas

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Avaliação metabólica em litíase urinária: papel do magnésio e sódio urinários como fatores de risco na litogênese

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

Principais aspectos cirúrgicos da urolitíase em cães

Urolithiasis occurs with relatively frequency among the diseases that affect the urinary tract of dogs. It`s fundamental that samples of the uroliths are sent for analysis, because, in agreement with the mineral composition of the urolith and also its location, the choice is made between the surgical treatment or the clinical dissolution. Cystotomy is the surgical technique more accomplished in the bladder of small animals, due to its simplicity, when in comparison with other procedures for removal of calculi. With the aid of lithotripsy and endoscopy, the surgical interventions in the urinary treatment tend to be less and less invasive, minimizing the risks of subsequent complications. Chances of recurrence of the urolithiasis are usually larger in patients submitted to the surgical intervention. Besides, the time elapsed among regressive episodes is larger after the clinical dissolution