1000 resultados para Lingüística comparada


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El texto analiza la lingüística según fué desarrollada en la antigua India, Grecia y Roma así como a lo largo de etapas posteriores en Europa y teniendo en cuenta avances claves como el redescubrimiento del Sánscrito o el surgimiento de la lingüística comparada. Concluye ilustrando los planteamientos propuestos por Ferdinand de Saussure y Noam Chomsky con sus determinadas consecuencias.

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La fecha de publicación es la fecha de lectura

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Esta pesquisa procurou demonstrar que o aspecto progressivo representa a opção disponibilizada pela língua portuguesa para que o falante, diante de determinadas situações, possa se referir apenas ao fragmento manifesto, revelando, assim, o seu desejo de se comprometer somente com a parte da verdade evidenciada pela situação. Quando uma situação é apresentada com um verbo de estado, os falantes de língua inglesa, para atingir o mesmo objetivo, utilizam perífrases dos verbos de estado. Foram selecionados verbos de estado que expressam estados mentais/cognitivos para testar as hipóteses, porque a mitigação de comprometimento revelou ser mais claramente observável em enunciados com este tipo de verbos. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que os falantes de ambas as línguas distinguem situações completas de incompletas e que optam por mais de uma forma para expressar menor comprometimento, e não somente pela forma do aspecto progressivo quando, após interpretar uma situação como incompleta, desejam manifestar-se a respeito dela. Os falantes de ambas as línguas também utilizaram formas no perfectivo + perífrase modalizadora e perífrases dos verbos de estado no progressivo. A opção pelo uso destas formas, para ser fiel à verdade de sua interpretação da situação como não-completa, indiciou que há uma avaliação de grau de comprometimento por parte do falante. Os resultados apontam para a possibilidade de que o aspecto progressivo atue como um modal epistêmico, não obstante o fato de o falante poder expressar comprometimento parcial também através de outras formas.

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Treball de recerca realitzat per un alumne d'ensenyament secundari i guardonat amb un Premi CIRIT per fomentar l'esperit científic del Jovent l'any 2009. En aquest treball es vol trobar un vincle entre les cultures més influents al llarg de la història d’Àsia i Europa, prenent com a element bàsic les seves llengües: el xinès, l’anglès i el llatí. Ara bé, la comparació lingüística entre elles només té veritable interès si es cerca allò comú sobretot semàntica i sintàcticament, posat que d'entrada, visual i fonèticament, qualsevol profà pot observar-ne prou diferències. Aquestes característiques comunes, doncs, tenen valor independentment del temps i l'espai, ja que el que hi ha en joc aquí és, en el fons, el llenguatge verbal com a nervi del fet de ser humà. Els continguts s'estructuren mitjançant l'ús d'un mètode inductiu com a regla d’anàlisi comparativa; no es pot, tanmateix, prescindir d'una introducció teòrica de lingüística, absolutament necessària per a un estudi comparatiu de gramàtica. Una vegada conclòs el treball, es veu que els conceptes que totes tres expressen són comuns i el canvi, quan es dóna, afecta la forma i està relacionat amb les regles de la lògica: aquests casos, doncs, no fan sinó confirmar la tesi, ja que esperar una equivalència total seria no només ingenu, sinó gens natural ni realista. L'anhel del traductor és arribar a expressar, precisament, aquest univers.

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Aquest treball explora les possibilitats de basar l'ensenyament de la gramàtica en les aportacions teòriques de la lingüística cognitiva, concretament en la teoria de prototipus, i se centra en el cas concret dels verbs inacusatius. N'ofereix una anàlisi del comportament i acaba amb una proposta d'activitats pràctiques per a treballar-los a l'aula des dels pressupòsits teòrics assenyalats.

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Peer-reviewed

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This research deals with Applied Linguistics and its structure as a scientific field, in compliance with knowledge produced within the range of the Brazilian Congresses of Applied Linguistics (CBLA). The purpose of this research is to understand the meanings disclosed by the voices that make up the scientific discourse on this field, pointing toward its course of development, the ethical position that is peculiar to it and how this position is represented in its scientific practice. The scientific discourse typical of the production of knowledge of Applied Linguistics is now construed as leading to practices that define the production of this field of learning whose object is to study man and man s relationship to language. Theoretical groundwork is anchored on the work the Social Sciences have developed on the paradigmatic crises of science and the social changes resulting from modern and post-modern times, on Applied Linguistics researches on the identity of the field of study, its courses and ethics, and on the bakhtinian theory that supports a view of language as a social practice built under the aegis of the subject s ethics and responsibility. The corpus of this work comprises qualitative and quantitative data made into articles presented at the CBLA. The research methodology conforms to the interpretive paradigm and has the concept of social voices as its category of analysis. Results point towards the progress of Applied Linguistics that, from its role as a mediator discipline between linguistic theory and practical applications, is assuming a position in a field of study of its own, independent, with transdisciplinary characteristics, pursuing through its quests and redefinitions to get closer to the dimension of life and assuming the ethical position of taking on responsibility for its doings and sayings

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The focus of this research is the teaching of the Latin language. Due to the fact that its teaching has been facing a growing crisis in the last four decades, which currently persists, we ponder about external and internal causes of its decline, aiming at pointing out an alternative that enable us to find a way out of this situation. So, our research questions mainly concern how the teaching of Latin is viewed amongst the academic society, also investigating if it has kept up with the development of the scientific reflection about human language and the new approaches on language teaching. Furthermore, we analyse the contribution that the study of Latin can provide to the academic formation of language teachers and try to identify the areas of knowledge that can contribute to a reshaping of its teaching. Based on these guidelines, we have established as the goals of this research: 1) to reflect about the current situation of the teaching of Latin and the causes of its decline; 2) to determine its social representation among teachers and students of the Language Courses, as a way of defining the role it fulfills in the academic formation of teachers; 3) to accomplish an exploratory study of some handbooks that show alternative proposals on how to teach Latin, in order to detect their adequacy to current times and to the goals of the academic study of languages; 4) to offer an alternative proposal on how to teach Latin that takes into account the principles of Applied Linguistics, considering the socio-historical and cultural aspects of the language, enabling it to meet the requirements set by modern times. This research is divided into two parts. The first part presents the theoretical framework. We map the studies about Latin teaching inside and outside Brazil and argue against the concept of Latin being a dead language, presenting arguments set on changing this view. Then we describe and comment the notions of literacy, genre and culture, which helped us understand the reasons for the decline of the teaching of Latin and to point out suitable ways to overcome the crisis. The second part is dedicated to reflecting on the literacy practices in Latin teaching. We began by examining the answers to the questionnaires given to students and teachers about the view of Latin in the Language Courses; then we reflect on the teaching-learning of Latin as an academic literacy practice followed by an analysis of the didactic material used in teaching Latin. Finally, we suggest an approach of the familiar letter genre in ancient Rome as a means of teaching Latin in a contextualized way

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Elaboración de prácticas presenciales i no presenciales en la asignatura de Teoría y Práctica de la Literatura Comparada, que se imparte en el Grado de Humanidades (códs. 29033 y 29034), tanto en español como en catalán, a partir de su proximidad literaria con otros ámbitos fronterizos, como pueden ser disciplinas artísticas y discursivas conexas. Antropología, historia, historia del arte, pensamiento o sociología serán claves en el desarrollo de esas actividades. Las temáticas a desarrollar corresponden a temas, tópicos y mitos literarios en diferentes literaturas: nacionalismo literario, canon, traducción, literaturas minoritarias y su relación con las artes. La intención es generar un amplio muestrario didáctico con el que desarrollar la asignatura para una tipología de alumnado con capacidad de conectar los más diferentes saberes humanísticos.

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La evolución histórica de las sociedades tradicionales que poseían estructuras comunitarias y modalidades de producción y consumo autosustentables, llevó a la formación de culturas locales diferenciadas que llevaron al desarrollo de numerosas lenguas y dialectos que actuaban como eje definidor de dichas culturas.En la medida en que se desarrollaron los estados imperiales se fue generando la necesidad de adoptar una o más lenguas comunes. En algunos casos se desarrollaron “linguas francas” como ocurrió con el swahili en África Oriental y el toscano en Italia.En otros casos la lengua que se impuso pertenecía a la región más fuerte como fue el caso del castellano en España, del inglés en las Islas Británicas y del mandarín en China, o de la potencia colonial dominante (el inglés en la India, el francés en los países del noroeste de África, el ruso en la Federación Rusa).En los siglos XIX y XX, debido a la constitución de nuevos estados en Europa se fueron consolidando los idiomas nacionales. Este fenómeno también se dio en Asia, y en menor medida en África.La historia lingüística americana fue diferente. Debido a la invasión y ocupación de los territorios nativos las culturas locales fueron parcial o totalmente sustituidos eliminando o debilitando las lenguas indígenas.En estas regiones no se constituyó ningún estado nacional basado en culturas nativas. Todos los estados surgieron a partir de antiguas colonias extracontinentales (particularmente españolas, pero también portuguesas, francesas, inglesas y holandesas)

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This retrospective paper will shed light on the relations between Linguistics and Archaeology by drawing special attention to the history of Archaeology and the influence of Linguistic models for the development of archaeological interpretive frameworks. Reference will be made to culture history theoreticians, like Gordon Childe, to processual archaeologists influenced by Structuralism and to post-processual discourse analysis. The paper will conclude stressing the importance of Linguistics to archaeological thought.

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This article presents a panorama of the area of the linguistics of the indigenous languages in Brazil within the discipline of Brazilian linguiistics as a whole. Special attention is given to those aspects related to its specific development. It is argued that in contrast to what is commonly supposed, the arrival of the Summer Institute of Linguistics (1959) not only was not the beginning of this area of study in the country, but it even contributed to the delay in its establishment. It was only after the return of Brazilian scholars educated abroad who were interested in the study of the national indigenous languages that a specialized branch of linguistics directed to the study of these languages began to take form. The present situation of the area and perspectives for future development are both explored.