Les pratiques stratégiques des infirmières dans les réseaux intégrés de services de santé

L’intégration des soins et des services de santé est vue autant, par les décideurs, par les professionnels que par les usagers, comme une nécessité pour assurer une meilleure accessibilité, pour favoriser la continuité et la coordination et pour améliorer la qualité des soins et services tout en contrôlant les coûts. Depuis près de deux décennies, des réseaux intégrés de soins et de services de santé se développent dans les pays de l’OCDE. Ce phénomène a généré une littérature plutôt abondante sur les conditions organisationnelles supportant l’intégration des soins et plus récemment, sur l’importance du rôle et de la place des professionnels dans ces structures. Les données empiriques et les écrits mettent en évidence que les infirmières ont joué un rôle important dans la mise en place des réseaux intégrés de services depuis leurs débuts. Cette étude vise à identifier les pratiques stratégiques des infirmières qui sont impliquées dans des réseaux intégrés de services de santé et de comprendre comment ces pratiques favorisent des apprentissages organisationnels permettant l’ajustement des pratiques de l’ensemble des intervenants dans le sens de l’intégration clinique. Elle vise aussi à mettre en évidence les facteurs individuels et organisationnels impliqués dans le développement de ces pratiques et dans le processus d’apprentissage organisationnel. Une revue des écrits sur les réseaux de services intégrés et sur l’intégration clinique, ainsi que sur l’apprentissage organisationnel et sur l’analyse stratégique a confirmé que ces écrits, tout en étant complémentaires, soutenaient les objectifs de cette étude. En effet, les écrits sur l’intégration présentent des déterminants de l’intégration sans aborder les pratiques stratégiques et sont discrets sur l’apprentissage organisationnel. Les écrits sur l’apprentissage organisationnel abordent le processus d’apprentissage, mais ne décrivent pas les pratiques favorisant l’apprentissage organisationnel et sont peu loquaces sur les facteurs influençant l’apprentissage organisationnel. Enfin, les écrits sur l’analyse stratégique discutent des systèmes et des processus dynamiques en incluant les conditions individuelles et organisationnelles, mais ne font pas allusion à l’apprentissage organisationnel. Afin de découvrir les pratiques stratégiques ainsi que les apprentissages organisationnels, et de comprendre le processus d’apprentissage et les facteurs impliqués dans celui-ci, nous avons eu recours à un devis d’étude de cas multiples où nous nous sommes attardés à étudier les pratiques d’infirmières évoluant dans quatre situations visant l’intégration clinique. Ces situations faisaient partie de trois réseaux intégrés de services de santé impliquant des professionnels de différentes disciplines rattachés soit, à un centre hospitalier ou à un centre local de services communautaires. Trois études de cas ont été rédigées à partir des informations émanant des différentes sources de données. Dans le cadre de cette étude, quatre sources de données ont été utilisées soit : des entrevues individuelles avec des infirmières, d’autres professionnels et des gestionnaires (n=60), des entrevues de groupe (n=3), des séances d’observations (n=12) et l’étude de documents d’archives (n=96). À l’aide des données empiriques recueillies, il a été possible de découvrir quinze pratiques stratégiques et de préciser la nature des apprentissages qu'elles généraient. L’analyse des cas a également permis de mieux comprendre le rapport entre les pratiques stratégiques et les apprentissages organisationnels et d’apporter des précisions sur le processus d’apprentissage organisationnel. Cette étude contribue à la pratique et à la recherche, car en plus d’offrir un modèle d’apprentissage organisationnel intégré, elle précise que le processus d’apprentissage organisationnel est propulsé grâce à des boucles d’apprentissages stimulées par des pratiques stratégiques, que ces pratiques stratégiques s’actualisent grâce aux ressources individuelles des infirmières et aux facteurs organisationnels et enfin, que ces apprentissages organisationnels favorisent des changements de pratiques soutenant l’intégration clinique.

Os (Im)pactos da progressão continuada na voz dos professores de língua portuguesa

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Os ciclos de aprendizagem em Perrenoud: uma análise teórico-crítica

Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

Expectativas de aprendizagem e processos avaliativos na educação física para os anos iniciais do ensino fundamental: análise de proposições teóricas e de perspectivas de professores

Pós-graduação em Docência para a Educação Básica - FC

Memórias de educadoras sobre a gestão de Paulo Freire na Secretaria Municipal de Educação de São Paulo

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados da pesquisa sobre a gestão de Paulo Freire na Secretaria Municipal de Educação da Cidade de São Paulo. Foi utilizada a metodologia da história oral, entrevistamos professoras da rede municipal de ensino de São Paulo que atuaram durante o período em que Paulo Freire foi secretário de educação desse município. Paulo Freire foi principal teórico brasileiro no campo da educação e também desempenhou o papel de gestor público. Ficou a frente de programas de alfabetização de adultos de governos do nordeste do Brasil e participou da equipe do MEC que pretendia promover o Programa de Alfabetização de Adultos durante o governo João Goulart. Em 1989, participou do governo de Luiza Erundina na prefeitura de São Paulo. Ocupou o cargo de Secretario Municipal de Educação até maio de 1991. Algumas das marcas de sua gestão foram a luta pela construção de uma escola popular e democrática, a conquista de direitos para os professores como a criação do Estatuto do Magistério Municipal, o restabelecimento dos Conselhos de Escola, a organização dos Ciclos nas escolas de ensino fundamental. Durante a pesquisa, foram entrevistadas dez professoras, utilizando-se a metodologia da História Oral. As professoras apresentaram relatos autobiográficos destacando o período em que Freire foi secretário de educação em São Paulo. Assim, registramos visões amplas sobre os eventos ligados à reconstrução democrática que marcaram a sociedade brasileira naquele período. No que tange ao campo educacional, a pesquisa apresenta algumas reflexões acerca da imagem de Paulo Freire e aspectos sobre a memória docente relacionados às condições de trabalho e às relações no interior das escolas. As entrevistadas abordaram temas como participação da comunidade na escola, a relação dos professores e o governo, o funcionamento dos conselhos de escola, entre outros. A pesquisa ainda reflete sobre os impactos de políticas públicas sobre a população a partir da ótica das professoras.

O enigma do modelo por competência no ensino primário de Moçambique

A implementação efectiva do Modelo por Competência nas instituições da educação constitui um dos maiores desafios do Ministério da Educação e Desenvolvimento Humano. Passa mais do que uma década que os currículos baseados em competência estão sendo implementados no Ensino Primário. Contudo, a qualidade de formação dos alunos nos diferentes ciclos de aprendizagem tem sido reclamada e/ou censurada por diferentes grupos sociais, incluindo professores, pais e encarregados de educação. É neste âmbito que o presente artigo pretende analisar o impacto e efeitos do desenvolvimento de competências na organização curricular moçambicana na qualidade de aprendizagens dos alunos do Ensino Primário do país. Para o efeito, foram eleitos os paradigmas quantitativo e qualitativo, a combinação de métodos bibliográficos, documental e de estudo de caso e ainda de técnicas como entrevista, questionário, observação e testes diagnósticos aplicados sobre uma amostra de (N=908) indivíduos (gestores, professores e alunos. O percurso investigativo permitiu que se chegasse à conclusão de que o modelo por competência está longe de ser implementado efectivamente nas escolas moçambicanas, uma vez que apenas 45% dos cerca de n=112 alunos testados é que desenvolveram as competências prescritas nos programas do Ensino Primário. Este facto deve-se à falta ou deficiente apropriação da filosofia e estratégias exigidas pelo currículo pelos dirigentes, gestores, professores e encarregados de educação, exiguidade de recursos infraestruturais, materiais e meios de ensino para efectiva implementação do currículo do Ensino Primário.

Agrupamentos verticais: a interação dos professores do ensino básico

Dissertação de mest. em Observação e Análise da Relação Educativa, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Univ. do Algarve, 2004

Thinking over b‐learning strategy: the MIPO model approach

This article describes the main research results in a new methodology, in which the stages and strategies of the technology integration process are identified and described. A set of principles and recommendations are therefore presented. The MIPO model described in this paper is a result of the effort made regarding the understanding of the main success features of good practices, in the web environment, integrated in the information systems/information technology context. The initial model has been created, based on experiences and literature review. After that, it was tested in the information and technology system units at higher school and also adapted as a result of four cycles of an actionresearch work combined with a case study research. The information, concepts and procedures presented here give support to teachers and instructors, instructional designers and planning teams – anyone who wants to develop effective b‐learning instructions.

Planning and implementing a new assessment strategy using an e-learning platform

One of the most difficult issues of e-Learning is the students’ assessment. Being this an outstanding task regarding theoretical topics, it becomes even more challenging when the topics under evaluation are practical. ISCAP’s Information Systems Department is composed of about twenty teachers who have been for several years using an e-learning environment (at the moment Moodle 2.3) combined with traditional assessment. They are now planning and implementing a new e-learning assessment strategy. This effort was undertaken in order to evaluate a practical topic (the use of spreadsheets to solve management problems) common to shared courses of several undergraduate degree programs. The same team group is already experienced in the assessment of theoretical information systems topics using the b-learning platform. Therefore, this project works as an extension to previous experiences being the team aware of the additional difficulties due to the practical nature of the topics. This paper describes this project and presents two cycles of the action research methodology, used to conduct the research. The first cycle goal was to produce a database of questions. When it was implemented in order to be used with a pilot group of students, several problems were identified. Subsequently, the second cycle consisted in solving the identified problems preparing the database and all the players to a broader scope implementation. For each cycle, all the phases, its drawbacks and achievements are described. This paper suits all those who are or are planning to be in the process of shifting their assessment strategy from a traditional to one supported by an e-learning platform.

A teaching-learning sequence of colour informed by history and philosophy of science

In this work, we present a teaching-learning sequence on colour intended to a pre-service elementary teacher programme informed by History and Philosophy of Science. Working in a socio-constructivist framework, we made an excursion on the history of colour. Our excursion through history of colour, as well as the reported misconception on colour helps us to inform the constructions of the teaching-learning sequence. We apply a questionnaire both before and after each of the two cycles of action-research in order to assess students’ knowledge evolution on colour and to evaluate our teaching-learning sequence. Finally, we present a discussion on the persistence of deep-rooted alternative conceptions.

O desenvolvimento do pensamento abstrato através de game-based learning e do Scratch

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Ensino de Informática

Adaptive learning in models with lagged variables

In this work I study the stability of the dynamics generated by adaptivelearning processes in intertemporal economies with lagged variables. Iprove that determinacy of the steady state is a necessary condition for the convergence of the learning dynamics and I show that the reciprocal is not true characterizing the economies where convergence holds. In the case of existence of cycles I show that there is not, in general, a relationship between determinacy and convergence of the learning process to the cycle. I also analyze the expectational stability of these equilibria.

Information System ProcessInnovation Adoption, Adaptation, Learning, and Unlearning: A Longitudinal Case Study

This thesis examines the history and evolution of information system process innovation (ISPI) processes (adoption, adaptation, and unlearning) within the information system development (ISD) work in an internal information system (IS) department and in two IS software house organisations in Finland over a 43-year time-period. The study offers insights into influential actors and their dependencies in deciding over ISPIs. The research usesa qualitative research approach, and the research methodology involves the description of the ISPI processes, how the actors searched for ISPIs, and how the relationships between the actors changed over time. The existing theories were evaluated using the conceptual models of the ISPI processes based on the innovationliterature in the IS area. The main focus of the study was to observe changes in the main ISPI processes over time. The main contribution of the thesis is a new theory. The term theory should be understood as 1) a new conceptual framework of the ISPI processes, 2) new ISPI concepts and categories, and the relationships between the ISPI concepts inside the ISPI processes. The study gives a comprehensive and systematic study on the history and evolution of the ISPI processes; reveals the factors that affected ISPI adoption; studies ISPI knowledge acquisition, information transfer, and adaptation mechanisms; and reveals the mechanismsaffecting ISPI unlearning; changes in the ISPI processes; and diverse actors involved in the processes. The results show that both the internal IS department and the two IS software houses sought opportunities to improve their technical skills and career paths and this created an innovative culture. When new technology generations come to the market the platform systems need to be renewed, and therefore the organisations invest in ISPIs in cycles. The extent of internal learning and experiments was higher than the external knowledge acquisition. Until the outsourcing event (1984) the decision-making was centralised and the internalIS department was very influential over ISPIs. After outsourcing, decision-making became distributed between the two IS software houses, the IS client, and itsinternal IT department. The IS client wanted to assure that information systemswould serve the business of the company and thus wanted to co-operate closely with the software organisations.

Best practice report on policy learning infrastructures in innovative labour market policies

This report synthesizes the findings of 11 country reports on policy learning in labour market and social policies that were conducted as part of WP5 of the INSPIRES project, which is funded by the 7th Framework Program of the EU-Commission. Notably, this report puts forward objectives of policy learning, discusses tools, processes and institutions of policy learning and presents the impacts of various tools and structures of the policy learning infrastructure for the actual policy learning process. The report defines three objectives of policy learning: evaluation and assessment of policy effectiveness, vision building and planning, and consensus building. In the 11 countries under consideration, the tools and processes of the policy learning, infrastructure can be classified into three broad groups: public bodies, expert councils, and parties, interest groups and the private sector. Finally, we develop four recommendations for policy learning: Firstly, learning processes should keep the balance between centralisation and plurality. Secondly, learning processes should be kept stable beyond the usual political business cycles. Thirdly, policy learning tools and infrastructures should be sufficiently independent from political influence or bias. Fourth, Policy learning tools and infrastructures should balance out mere effectiveness, evaluation and vision building.