Κύριε, Δέσποτα, Domine: Greek Politeness in the Roman Empire

Why did the Greeks of the Roman period make such extensive use of the vocative κύριε, when Greeks of earlier periods had been content with only one vocative meaning ‘master’, δέσποτα? This study, based primarily on a comprehensive search of documentary papyri but also making extensive use of literary evidence (particularly that of the Septuagint and New Testament), traces the development of both terms from the classical period to the seventh century AD. It concludes that κύριε was created to provide a translation for Latin domine, and that domine, which has often been considered a translation of κύριε, had a Roman origin. In addition, both κύριε and domine were from their beginnings much less deferential than is traditionally supposed, so that neither term underwent the process of ‘weakening’ which converted English ‘master’ into ‘Mr’. δέσποτα, which was originally far more deferential than the other two terms, did undergo some weakening, but not (until a very late period) as much as is usually supposed. These findings in turn imply that Imperial politeness has been somewhat misunderstood and suggest that the Greeks of the first few centuries AD were much less servile in their language than is traditionally assumed.

History of the Roman empire.

Half-title: The history of the Roman empire, from the time of Julius Caesar to that of Vitellius. By the late Thomas Arnold ... John Henry Brooke Mountain ... the Rev. J.B. Ottley ... and the late Michael Russell ... 2d ed. Edited by E. Pococke, esq.

Between "uxor", "mater" and "concubina". Profile and identity of the Emperor Constantine in Late Roman legislation

We aspire to shape the Constantine’s personality in particular by analyzing his loving relationship, first with Minervina and then with Fausta, and not forgetting the bond with his mother Helena, hence the reference to uxor, mater and concubina in our title. We will analyze if these women exercised any influence on the composition of his production rules and, if so, to what extent they were able to determine the historical development of the following decades. From this point of view we must consider in general the emperor had to combine their political claims and government with these relationships, showing great skill in handling times and ways, always putting the first to the second.

The geography of Celtic personal names in the Latin inscriptions of the Roman Empire

Raybould, Marilynne, and Sims-Williams, Patrick, The geography of Celtic personal names in the Latin inscriptions of the Roman Empire (Aberystwyth: CMCS publications, 2007) RAE2008

A Corpus of Latin Inscriptions of the Roman Empire containing Celtic personal names

Raybould, M. and Sims-Williams, P. (2007). A Corpus of Latin Inscriptions of the Roman Empire containing Celtic personal names. Aberystwyth: CMCS publications. RAE2008

The contribution of warlordism to the disintegration of the western Roman army (c. AD 395-480)

My thesis investigates the dynamics behind the changing nature of the leadership of the western Roman army in the fifth century through the concept of ‘warlordism’. I carried this out by analyzing those cases of insubordination and military unrest in the officer class of the western Roman army, which can be shown to be linked to the slow decline of central authority and the imperial office in the period 395-480. My thesis demonstrates that theories of ‘Warlordism’, as developed in social sciences, can be useful for both the late Imperial west as for other eras of ancient history, such as the late Roman republic. Warlordism was a way of continuing politics, if necessary by military means, when commanders found themselves outside the legitimate framework. Unlike the case of usurpation of the imperial office, when there was little hope of achieving permanent recognition and acceptance, it offered insubordinate officers a chance of returning to the ruling imperial regime depending on circumstances and the success of their resistance. I propose that warlordism functioned as an alternative to usurpation, a tool for military dissidence, fuelled by an economy of violence. Contrary to modern warlordism, the warlordism of the fifth century AD represented a transient phase which no imperial commander was willing to prolong indefinitely. At some stage, given the means, warlords in the western Roman army wanted to become part of the imperial echelon again. Yet these alternative methods of violent opposition, and the acquisition of force through private means, ensured the breakdown of the state’s monopoly on violence and the disintegration of centralized armies. What started as an accidental revolution became a new form of military rule.

The Roman Empire.

Se basa en exhaustivas investigaciones destinadas a cumplir las necesidades de los estudiantes. Investiga el Imperio de Roma, su caída ante el ataque de los bárbaros, y explora las formas en que nos has llegado su legado. La mezcla de descripción y fuentes de información cumple los requisitos del Programa Nacional de Estudios, del conocimiento y la investigación histórica para alumnos de la etapa tres.

Roman Empire and medieval realms.

Se basa en un amplio proceso de investigación destinado a cumplir las necesidades tanto de alumnos como de profesores. El contenido está diseñado con una narrativa adecuada para atraer a los alumnos. Las actividades están destinadas a estimular y desarrollar habilidades en el aprendizaje de la historia. Cada unidad tiene información complementaria y recuadros con cosas que hacer.

The Roman Empire.

Investiga el poderoso Imperio de Roma, su estructura y su caída ante el ataque de los bárbaros, y explora las formas en que nos has llegado su legado. Utiliza una combinación de narrativa e intriga como fuente para contar historias. Se invita a los alumnos a explorar y analizar algunas de las opciones que enfrentan a hombres y mujeres en el tiempo, las decisiones que han tomado, y las ideas que tenían, para tener sus propios juicios históricos sobre la base de las pruebas presentadas. La mezcla de descripción y fuentes de información cumple los requisitos del Programa Nacional de Estudios, del conocimiento y la investigación histórica para alumnos de once a catorce años.

Roman Empire, medieval realms.

Se basa en exhaustivas investigaciones destinadas a cumplir las necesidades de los estudiantes y profesores. Utiliza una combinación de narrativa e intriga como fuente para contar la historia. Se invita a los alumnos a explorar y analizar algunas de las opciones que enfrentan a las personas, para tener sus propios juicios históricos sobre la base de las pruebas presentadas. La mezcla de descripción y fuentes de información cumple los requisitos del Programa Nacional de Estudios, del conocimiento y la investigación histórica para alumnos de siete a nueve años.

The Roman Empire and medieval realms. Assessment and resources pack.

Cada capítulo en el libro alumno tiene su propio conjunto de actividades que pueden abordarse de distintas maneras: como trabajo individual; como base para las discusiones en clase. Además, cada capítulo en el libro del alumno cuenta con el apoyo de hojas de cálculo en la evaluación y el paquete de recursos. Estas hojas de trabajo se basan en las actividades del texto del alumno ampliando los trabajos sobre un tema en particular. Otras hojas, introducen nuevos temas en áreas no cubiertas, o se les da menos énfasis, por el libro del alumno, hay hojas de trabajo que siempre cubren los conceptos básicos de la Edad Media. Esta cobertura se hace por medio de : juego de roles, tarjetas con resolución de problemas, trabajo en grupo, trabajo de discusión, el uso de organizar gráficos, diagramas de anotación. Las respuestas a las preguntas han sido incluidas en el fin de ofrecer un estímulo en las actividades que también están diseñadas para llevar algo de diversión en el estudio de la historia.