Análisis de las pausas realizadas durante el proceso de producción escrita

En esta comunicación analizaremos el proceso de composición de los alumnos de primer año de Ingeniería a partir de los datos aportados por un programa informático. Para ello, realizamos un experimento que consistió en la escritura, en computadora, de un resumen a partir de la proyección de un video. Participaron del estudio 30 alumnos de primer año de Ingeniería de Petróleos y Civil (Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo). Registramos el proceso de producción textual mediante un keylogger. Se tuvo en cuenta la distribución temporal del proceso (duración, tiempo invertido en la escritura y en la realización de pausas, distribución de las pausas y valor de las mismas) y la calidad del texto final (evaluación holista). Los resultados sugieren que los alumnos dedican escaso tiempo a la revisión global final del texto, aún cuando el tiempo de pausa es elevado. Además, activan recursivamente los procesos a lo largo del tiempo de escritura, lo cual se correlaciona con la calidad del producto textual

Análisis de las pausas realizadas durante el proceso de producción escrita

En esta comunicación analizaremos el proceso de composición de los alumnos de primer año de Ingeniería a partir de los datos aportados por un programa informático. Para ello, realizamos un experimento que consistió en la escritura, en computadora, de un resumen a partir de la proyección de un video. Participaron del estudio 30 alumnos de primer año de Ingeniería de Petróleos y Civil (Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo). Registramos el proceso de producción textual mediante un keylogger. Se tuvo en cuenta la distribución temporal del proceso (duración, tiempo invertido en la escritura y en la realización de pausas, distribución de las pausas y valor de las mismas) y la calidad del texto final (evaluación holista). Los resultados sugieren que los alumnos dedican escaso tiempo a la revisión global final del texto, aún cuando el tiempo de pausa es elevado. Además, activan recursivamente los procesos a lo largo del tiempo de escritura, lo cual se correlaciona con la calidad del producto textual

Análisis de las pausas realizadas durante el proceso de producción escrita

En esta comunicación analizaremos el proceso de composición de los alumnos de primer año de Ingeniería a partir de los datos aportados por un programa informático. Para ello, realizamos un experimento que consistió en la escritura, en computadora, de un resumen a partir de la proyección de un video. Participaron del estudio 30 alumnos de primer año de Ingeniería de Petróleos y Civil (Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo). Registramos el proceso de producción textual mediante un keylogger. Se tuvo en cuenta la distribución temporal del proceso (duración, tiempo invertido en la escritura y en la realización de pausas, distribución de las pausas y valor de las mismas) y la calidad del texto final (evaluación holista). Los resultados sugieren que los alumnos dedican escaso tiempo a la revisión global final del texto, aún cuando el tiempo de pausa es elevado. Además, activan recursivamente los procesos a lo largo del tiempo de escritura, lo cual se correlaciona con la calidad del producto textual

KeyStroke analyzer: desenvolvimento de protótipo para diagnóstico do Síndrome do Túnel Cárpico

A dactilografia profissional causa problemas a nível das articulações dos dedos, mãos, pulsos, braços e até mesmo ombros, a quem a exerce. Um deles, o Síndrome do Túnel Cárpico, considera-se ser a maior doença ocupacional nos Estados Unidos, responsável por avultados gastos médicos ano após ano. Até à data, o estudo de causas e consequências apresentou-se difícil, não havendo uma forma prática e fiável de registar os movimentos do(a) dactilógrafo(a). O presente trabalho pretendeu desenvolver uma solução para a detecção e cálculo de estatísticas referentes às taxas de utilização de dedos em dactilografia profissional, com vista a estudos de terapias adequadas. Optou-se pela captação de imagens através de uma câmara USB, usando iluminação dedicada para garantir uma intensidade de luz constante e uniforme. Usando esta configuração, são capturadas imagens do teclado no instante em que uma tecla é premida. Após a captura, efectua-se o processamento da imagem para detecção dos dedos. Nos dedos do(a) dactilógrafo(a) colocaram-se autocolantes de várias cores para identificação. Para a identificação do dedo usou-se um algoritmo de lógica difusa para, através dos canais R, G e B da imagem, avaliar qual a cor observada na zona de interesse (tecla premida). Conseguiu-se assim uma eficácia de 91% em modo automático, podendo este valor chegar aos 100% no modo avançado, que permite a confirmação do utilizador. Existe ainda margem para evolução com a introdução de uma segunda câmara com um diferente posicionamento para obter outra perspectiva da zona de interesse, aumentando assim as hipóteses de correcta identificação.

Exercício resistido vs jogging em fatores de risco metabólicos de mulheres com sobrepeso/obesas

FUNDAMENTO: Exercícios resistidos e aeróbicos são recomendados para reduzir o peso e melhorar a saúde, mas ainda não foi definido qual dos dois tipos é o melhor. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar o exercício resistido e jogging (JOGG) na doença cardiovascular múltipla (DCV), nos fatores de risco metabólicos e aptidão física de mulheres obesas ou com sobrepeso [composição corporal, perfil lipídico, acido úrico, glicose, equivalente metabólico (MET), frequência cardíaca, pressão arterial, flexibilidade, gasto de energia em repouso (GER) e balanço de nitrogênio (BN)]. MÉTODOS: Cinquenta mulheres foram aleatoriamente divididas em dois grupos, mas apenas 26 terminaram o estudo: exercício resistido (ER) (n=14; 36±12 anos; índice de massa corporal, IMC=32±7 kg/m²) e JOGG (n=12; 37±9 anos; IMC=29±2). O primeiro mês de treinamento consistiu em 60 min x 03 dias/semana e o segundo mês de treinamento consistiu em 04 dias/semana para ambos os protocolos, mais reeducação alimentar. RESULTADOS: Ambos os grupos apresentaram diminuição da massa corporal total, IMC, acido úrico plasmático e aumento do MET (p<0,05); não houve alteração na massa corporal magra, GER, e frequência cardíaca de repouso. O treinamento com ER reduziu o colesterol total, triglicérides plasmáticos, BN e aumentou a flexibilidade; o treinamento com JOGG reduziu a razão cintura/quadril, níveis de glicose, pressão arterial sistólica, lipoproteína de alta densidade e aumentou a razão colesterol total/ lipoproteína de alta densidade (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Ambos os protocolos melhoram a DCV e os fatores de risco metabólicos. Os ER apresentaram mudanças favoráveis no perfil lipídico e na flexibilidade, enquanto o JOGG apresentou mudanças favoráveis sobre a glicose, razão cintura/quadril e pressão arterial. Esses resultados sugerem que treinamento de pesos em circuito combinados com exercícios aeróbicos devem ser considerados para indivíduos obesos. Entretanto, em relação à algumas diferenças entre os grupos na avaliação basal, não é possível concluir que as alterações sejam devidas ao tipo de exercício ouà variabilidade intra-grupo.

RTS-3 Task: Mental Jogging

Warm up thinking exercise

User-friendly free-text keystroke dynamics authentication for practical applications

This paper introduces a novel approach for free-text keystroke dynamics authentication which incorporates the use of the keyboard’s key-layout. The method extracts timing features from specific key-pairs. The Euclidean distance is then utilized to find the level of similarity between a user’s profile data and his/her test data. The results obtained from this method are reasonable for free-text authentication while maintaining the maximum level of user relaxation. Moreover, it has been proven in this study that flight time yields better authentication results when compared with dwell time. In particular, the results were obtained with only one training sample for the purpose of practicality and ease of real life application.

Influencia do treinamento fisico aerobio sobre as respostas cardiovasculares e respiratorias em mulheres na menopausa com e sem terapia de reposição hormonal

Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física

Adaptações cardio-respiratorias ao treinamento fisico aerobio em mulheres na menopausa : estudo longitudinal e transversal

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Adaptações cardio-respiratorias induzidas pelo treinamento fisico aerobio em homens na faixa etaria de 46 a 60 anos : Estudo longitudinal e transversal

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Heart rate, blood lactate and kinematic data of elite colts (under-19) rugby union players during competition

Physiological and kinematic data were collected from elite under-19 rugby union players to provide a greater understanding of the physical demands of rugby union. Heart rate, blood lactate and time-motion analysis data were collected from 24 players (mean +/- s((x) over bar): body mass 88.7 +/- 9.9 kg, height 185 +/- 7 cm, age 18.4 +/- 0.5 years) during six competitive premiership fixtures. Six players were chosen at random from each of four groups: props and locks, back row forwards, inside backs, outside backs. Heart rate records were classified based on percent time spent in four zones (>95%, 85-95%, 75-84%, <75% HRmax). Blood lactate concentration was measured periodically throughout each match, with movements being classified as standing, walking, jogging, cruising, sprinting, utility, rucking/mauling and scrummaging. The heart rate data indicated that props and locks (58.4%) and back row forwards (56.2%) spent significantly more time in high exertion (85-95% HRmax) than inside backs (40.5%) and outside backs (33.9%) (P < 0.001). Inside backs (36.5%) and outside backs (38.5%) spent significantly more time in moderate exertion (75-84% HRmax) than props and locks (22.6%) and back row forwards (19.8%) (P < 0.05). Outside backs (20.1%) spent significantly more time in low exertion (< 75% HRmax) than props and locks (5.8%) and back row forwards (5.6%) (P < 0.05). Mean blood lactate concentration did not differ significantly between groups (range: 4.67 mmol.l(-1) for outside backs to 7.22 mmol.l(-1) for back row forwards; P < 0.05). The motion analysis data indicated that outside backs (5750 m) covered a significantly greater total distance than either props and locks or back row forwards (4400 and 4080 m, respectively; P < 0.05). Inside backs and outside backs covered significantly greater distances walking (1740 and 1780 m, respectively; P < 0.001), in utility movements (417 and 475 m, respectively; P < 0.001) and sprinting (208 and 340 m, respectively; P < 0.001) than either props and locks or back row forwards (walking: 1000 and 991 m; utility movements: 106 and 154 m; sprinting: 72 and 94 m, respectively). Outside backs covered a significantly greater distance sprinting than inside backs (208 and 340 m, respectively; P < 0.001). Forwards maintained a higher level of exertion than backs, due to more constant motion and a large involvement in static high-intensity activities. A mean blood lactate concentration of 4.8-7.2 mmol.l(-1) indicated a need for 'lactate tolerance' training to improve hydrogen ion buffering and facilitate removal following high-intensity efforts. Furthermore, the large distances (4.2-5.6 km) covered during, and intermittent nature of, match-play indicated a need for sound aerobic conditioning in all groups (particularly backs) to minimize fatigue and facilitate recovery between high-intensity efforts.

The reliability of video based time motion analysis

Time motion analysis is extensively used to assess the demands of team sports. At present there is only limited information on the reliability of measurements using this analysis tool. The aim of this study was to establish the reliability of an individual observer's time motion analysis of rugby union. Ten elite level rugby players were individually tracked in Southern Hemisphere Super 12 matches using a digital video camera. The video footage was subsequently analysed by a single researcher on two occasions one month apart. The test-retest reliability was quantified as the typical error of measurement (TEM) and rated as either good (10% TEM). The total time spent in the individual movements of walking, jogging, striding, sprinting, static exertion and being stationary had moderate to poor reliability (5.8-11.1% TEM). The frequency of individual movements had good to poor reliability (4.3-13.6% TEM), while the mean duration of individual movements had moderate reliability (7.1-9.3% TEM). For the individual observer in the present investigation, time motion analysis was shown to be moderately reliable as an evaluation tool for examining the movement patterns of players in competitive rugby. These reliability values should be considered when assessing the movement patterns of rugby players within competition.

Influence of environmental temperature and humidity on the acute ventilatory response to exercise in asthmatic adolescents

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the respiratory airways affecting people of all ages, and constitutes a serious public health problem worldwide (6). Such a chronic inflammation is invariably associated with injury and repair of the bronchial epithelium known as remodelling (11). Inflammation, remodelling, and altered neural control of the airways are responsible for both recurrent exacerbations of asthma and increasingly permanent airflow obstruction (11, 29, 34). Excessive airway narrowing is caused by altered smooth muscle behaviour, in close interaction with swelling of the airway walls, parenchyma retractile forces, and enhanced intraluminal secretions (29, 38). All these functional and structural changes are associated with the characteristic symptoms of asthma – cough, chest tightness, and wheezing –and have a significant impact on patients’ daily lives, on their families and also on society (1, 24, 29). Recent epidemiological studies show an increase in the prevalence of asthma, mainly in industrial countries (12, 25, 37). The reasons for this increase may depend on host factors (e.g., genetic disposition) or on environmental factors like air pollution or contact with allergens (6, 22, 29). Physical exercise is probably the most common trigger for brief episodes of symptoms, and is assumed to induce airflow limitations in most asthmatic children and young adults (16, 24, 29, 33). Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) is defined as an intermittent narrowing of the airways, generally associated with respiratory symptoms (chest tightness, cough, wheezing and dyspnoea), occurring after 3 to 10 minutes of vigorous exercise with a maximal severity during 5 to 15 minutes after the end of the exercise (9, 14, 16, 24, 33). The definitive diagnosis of EIA is confirmed by the measurement of pre- and post-exercise expiratory flows documenting either a 15% fall in the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), or a ≥15 to 20% fall in peak expiratory flow (PEF) (9, 24, 29). Some types of physical exercise have been associated with the occurrence of bronchial symptoms and asthma (5, 15, 17). For instance, demanding activities such as basketball or soccer could cause more severe attacks than less vigorous ones such as baseball or jogging (33). The mechanisms of exercise-induced airflow limitations seem to be related to changes in the respiratory mucosa induced by hyperventilation (9, 29). The heat loss from the airways during exercise, and possibly its post-exercise rewarming may contribute to the exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) (27). Additionally, the concomitant dehydration from the respiratory mucosa during exercise leads to an increased interstitial osmolarity, which may also contribute to bronchoconstriction (4, 36). So, the risk of EIB in asthmatically predisposed subjects seems to be higher with greater ventilation rates and the cooler and drier the inspired air is (23). The incidence of EIA in physically demanding coldweather sports like competitive figure skating and ice hockey has been found to occur in up to 30 to 35% of the participants (32). In contrast, swimming is often recommended to asthmatic individuals, because it improves the functionality of respiratory muscles and, moreover, it seems to have a concomitant beneficial effect on the prevalence of asthma exacerbations (14, 26), supporting the idea that the risk of EIB would be smaller in warm and humid environments. This topic, however, remains controversial since the chlorified water of swimming pools has been suspected as a potential trigger factor for some asthmatic patients (7, 8, 20, 21). In fact, the higher asthma incidence observed in industrialised countries has recently been linked to the exposition to chloride (7, 8, 30). Although clinical and epidemiological data suggest an influence of humidity and temperature of the inspired air on the bronchial response of asthmatic subjects during exercise, some of those studies did not accurately control the intensity of the exercise (2, 13), raising speculation of whether the experienced exercise overload was comparable for all subjects. Additionally, most of the studies did not include a control group (2, 10, 19, 39), which may lead to doubts about whether asthma per se has conditioned the observed results. Moreover, since the main targeted age group of these studies has been adults (10, 19, 39), any extrapolation to childhood/adolescence might be questionable regarding the different lung maturation. Considering the higher incidence of asthma in youngsters (30) and the fact that only the works of Amirav and coworkers (2, 3) have focused on this age group, a scarcity of scientific data can be identified. Additionally, since the main environmental trigger factors, i.e., temperature and humidity, were tested separately (10, 28, 39) it would be useful to analyse these two variables simultaneously because of their synergic effect on water and heat loss by the airways (31, 33). It also appears important to estimate the airway responsiveness to exercise within moderate environmental ranges of temperature and humidity, trying to avoid extreme temperatures and humidity conditions used by others (2, 3). So, the aim of this study was to analyse the influence of moderate changes in air temperature and humidity simultaneously on the acute ventilatory response to exercise in asthmatic children. To overcome the above referred to methodological limitations, we used a 15 minute progressive exercise trial on a cycle ergometer at 3 different workload intensities, and we collected data related to heart rate, respiratory quotient, minute ventilation and oxygen uptake in order to ensure that physiological exercise repercussions were the same in both environments. The tests were done in a “normal” climatic environment (in a gymnasium) and in a hot and humid environment (swimming pool); for the latter, direct chloride exposition was avoided.

Vibrações induzidas por actividades humanas em pontes pedonais

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil – Estruturas e Geotecnia

An immunity based configuration for multilayer single featured biometric authentication algorithms

Immune systems have been used in the last years to inspire approaches for several computational problems. This paper focus on behavioural biometric authentication algorithms’ accuracy enhancement by using them more than once and with different thresholds in order to first simulate the protection provided by the skin and then look for known outside entities, like lymphocytes do. The paper describes the principles that support the application of this approach to Keystroke Dynamics, an authentication biometric technology that decides on the legitimacy of a user based on his typing pattern captured on he enters the username and/or the password and, as a proof of concept, the accuracy levels of one keystroke dynamics algorithm when applied to five legitimate users of a system both in the traditional and in the immune inspired approaches are calculated and the obtained results are compared.