Bibliographie acad��mique.

Vol. 7, pt. 3 and v. 11 issued together in 1 v.

The distribution of badnavirus-infected Musa germplasm from the International Transit Centre, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium

Bioversity International is reviewing its moratorium on the distribution of virus-infected Musa germplasm from the International Transit Centre (ITC), and the ProMusa Crop Protection Working Group has been invited to comment on policy changes. This paper was written to form a basis of discussion among the working group members during the ISHS/ProMusa symposium. It argues that the distribution of Musa germplasm should be guided by the International Plant Protection Convention, which states that it is the responsibility of the importing country, not the exporter, to impose the phytosanitary measures. There may be special circumstances where the release of badnavirus-infected germplasm from the ITC could be justified.

SHA-3 Design and Cryptanalysis Report

The competition to select a new secure hash function standard SHA-3 was initiated in response to surprising progress in the cryptanalysis of existing hash function constructions that started in 2004. In this report we survey design and cryptanalytic results of those 14 candidates that remain in the competition, about 1.5 years after the competition started with the initial submission of the candidates in October 2008. Implementation considerations are not in the scope of this report. The diversity of designs is also reflected in the great variety of cryptanalytic techniques and results that were applied and found during this time. This report gives an account of those techniques and results.

Intermediate Status Report

This report was produced in partial fulfillment of contract ICT-2007-216676 (ECRYPT II), sponsored by the European Commission through the ICT Programme. The information in this paper is provided as is, and no warranty is given or implied that the information is fit for any particular purpose. The user thereof uses the information at its sole risk and liability. We present a short overview of the recent results on the five finalists for NIST's SHA-3 competition. The next five chapters treat each one of the finalists.

D77, one benzoic acid derivative, functions as a novel anti-HIV-1 inhibitor targeting the interaction between integrase and cellular LEDGF/p75

Integration of viral-DNA into host chromosome mediated by the viral protein HIV-1 integrase (IN) is an essential step in the HIV-1 life cycle. In this process, Lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF/p75) is discovered to function as a cellular co-fa

Advanced modeling of periodic structures in SEA

The SEA properties of a periodic structure are computed from the FE analysis of a single periodic cell. The periodic theory is used in conjunction with FE so that any geometry can be considered. Some efficient algorithms have been implemented to get the subsystems intrinsic properties (modal density, damping, and equivalent mass), as well as the coupling properties of the subsystem with acoustic subsystems (radiation and transmission). Comparisons with analytical results validate the method. �� (2006) by the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Department of Mechanical Engineering All rights reserved.

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Instituciones espa��olas y franc��fonas de cara a la difusi��n de la lengua : su radio de actividad en B��lgica, Estados Unidos y Canad��.

Trata de demostrar los v��nculos entre la pol��tica de difusi��n ling����stica y cultural y los objetivos e intereses pol��ticos y econ��micos. A partir de la comparaci��n entre los organismos individuales, se pondr�� de relieve las semejanzas y diferencias entre las pol��ticas de cada idioma (el franc��s y el espa��ol) por su posici��n socioling����stica y geopol��tica. Trata de describir decisiones de pol��tica ling����stica en relaci��n con un espacio espec��fico (B��lgica, Estados Unidos y Canad��) y con las organizaciones implicadas (Consejer��a de Educaci��n y Ciencia, Instituto Cervantes, D��l��gation culturelle et p��dagogique, Alliance Fran��aise, Agence Intergouvernementale de la Francophonie, Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie).La selecci��n de los organismos estudiados en la tesina se ha hecho seg��n varios criterios. Se han buscado organismos de ambici��n y difusi��n mundial. Las actividades ten��an que relacionarse con la ense��anza o la cultura, o, de preferencia, con estos dos ��mbitos combinados. Se ha intentado estudiar organismos equivalentes o paralelos para ambos idiomas con un fin comparativo. Se ha utilizado la bibliograf��a sobre la pol��tica ling����stica, pero escasean sobre la promoci��n de la lengua mediante las instituciones estudiadas. Los m��s importantes son los censos oficiales que son las bases de datos m��s fiables en cuanto a poblaci��n, ingresos, origen ��tnico. Por la falta de descripciones objetivas y estudios cient��ficos sobre la mayor parte de los organismos de difusi��n ling����stica y cultural busca contacto con colaboradores de los organismos implicados. Con este fin, se ha utilizado un cuestionario para entrevistas - en B��lgica - y para enviar por correo - en Am��rica del Norte. La realizaci��n de entrevistas corresponde a dos motivos: por un lado, obtener precisiones sobre aspectos concretos, por otro lado, el contacto personal es un elemento clave de servicios de difusi��n ling����stica y cultural. Nos pareci�� por eso interesante visitar estos servicios. Para compensar la falta de interacci��n que implica un cuestionario escrito en comparaci��n a una entrevista, se ha enviado un mensaje a ciertos respondientes para pedir m��s precisiones o ejemplos concretos, despu��s de haber le��do sus respuestas al cuestionario. Las asociaciones sin correo electr��nico recibieron el cuestionario por correo regular. Tambi��n se ha integrado estas p��ginas con informaci��n. Mediante la consulta de todas estas p��ginas, se ha podido completar las informaciones de los cuestionarios, las entrevistas y la bibliograf��a. Y por ultimo como los sitios de difusi��n constituyen un elemento importante de la pol��tica de difusi��n ling����stica, ser han representado visualmente en mapas. Encontrar y utilizar canales de difusi��n adecuados es una tarea central para la pol��tica de difusi��n ling����stica y cultural. Se puede desempe��ar de manera m��s o menos activa: ciertos organismos esperan la demanda por parte del p��blico, mientras que otros van activamente a la b��squeda de su p��blico. Recientemente, muchos organismos han desarrollado relaciones m��s estrechas con asociaciones locales para aprovechar sus canales de difusi��n. Estas asociaciones son de varios tipos: profesorado, hablantes nativos expatriados, asociaciones culturales, instancias gubernamentales y organizaciones privadas. Cada una de estas asociaciones es un canal de difusi��n espec��fico con particularidades propias. El profesorado es un p��blico intermediario muy importante. Como determina en gran medida el desarrollo concreto de la ense��anza de idiomas extranjeros, ocupa una posici��n clave en la pol��tica de difusi��n ling����stica y cultural. Tambi��n son importantes los hablantes nativos expatriados porque suelen tener lazos fuertes entre ellos e intentan mantener el contacto con su cultura y lengua de origen. Los organismos podr��an aprovechar la oportunidad de disponer de hablantes nativos para su pol��tica de difusi��n ling����stica y cultural. Las asociaciones culturales existentes son susceptibles de utilizar eventos culturales como medio de promoci��n para el idioma. La colaboraci��n con instancias gubernamentales puede mejorar el estatuto y el prestigio de un idioma y de un organismo. As��, ser acreditado para la formaci��n del profesorado, aumenta la influencia de un organismo en la ense��anza reglada. Una colaboraci��n con instancias gubernamentales a menudo no s��lo implica el uso de sus canales de difusi��n y lugares, sino tambi��n la obtenci��n de fondos. Finalmente, organizaciones privadas tambi��n funcionan a menudo como patrocinios, cuando consideran que es interesante para su propia imagen p��blica comprometerse en un proyecto de difusi��n ling����stica y cultural.

The significant effect of endometriosis on physical, mental and social wellbeing: results from an international cross-sectional survey.

STUDY QUESTION To what extent do the management of endometriosis and the symptoms that remain after treatment affect the quality of life in women with the disease? SUMMARY ANSWER Many women with endometriosis had impaired quality of life and continued to suffer from endometriosis-associated symptoms even though their endometriosis has been managed in tertiary care centres. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The existing literature indicates that quality of life and work productivity is reduced in women with endometriosis. However, most studies have small sample sizes, are treatment related or examine newly diagnosed patients only. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey among 931 women with endometriosis treated in 12 tertiary care centres in 10 countries. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Women diagnosed with endometriosis who had at least one contact related to endometriosis-associated symptoms during 2008 with a participating centre were enrolled into the study. The study investigated the effect of endometriosis on education, work and social wellbeing, endometriosis-associated symptoms and health-related quality of life, by using questions obtained from the World Endometriosis Research Foundation (WERF) GSWH instrument (designed and validated for the WERF Global Study on Women's Health) and the Short Form 36 version 2 (SF-36v2). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Of 3216 women invited to participate in the study, 1450 (45%) provided informed consent and out of these, 931 (931/3216 = 29%) returned the questionnaires. Endometriosis had affected work in 51% of the women and affected relationships in 50% of the women at some time during their life. Dysmenorrhoea was reported by 59%, dyspareunia by 56% and chronic pelvic pain by 60% of women. Quality of life was decreased in all eight dimensions of the SF-36v2 compared with norm-based scores from a general US population (all P < 0.01). Multivariate regression analysis showed that number of co-morbidities, chronic pain and dyspareunia had an independent negative effect on both the physical and mental component of the SF-36v2. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The fact that women were enrolled in tertiary care centres could lead to a possible over-representation of women with moderate-to-severe endometriosis, because the participating centres typically treat more complex and referred cases of endometriosis. The response rate was relatively low. Since there was no Institute Review Board approval to do a non-responder investigation on basic characteristics, some uncertainty remains regarding the representativeness of the investigated population. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This international multicentre survey represents a large group of women with endometriosis, in all phases of the disease, which increases the generalizability of the data. Women still suffer from frequent symptoms, despite tertiary care management, in particular chronic pain and dyspareunia. As a result their quality of life is significantly decreased. A patient-centred approach with extensive collaboration across disciplines, such as pain specialists, psychologists, sexologists and social workers, may be a valuable strategy to improve the long-term care of women with endometriosis. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The WERF EndoCost study is funded by the World Endometriosis Research Foundation (WERF) through grants received from Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Takeda Italia Farmaceutici SpA, Pfizer Ltd and the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. The sponsors did not have a role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis and interpretation of the data; and preparation, review or approval of the manuscript. L.H. is the chief executive and T.D. was a board member of WERF at the time of funding. T.D. holds the Merck-Serono Chair in Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, and the Ferring Chair in Reproductive Medicine at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Belgium and has served as consultant/research collaborator for Merck-Serono, Schering-Plough, Astellas and Arresto.