The deep-sea fish Kali macrodon: a new record for the tropical eastern Atlantic off Cape Verde

A new deep-sea fish is reported for the tropical eastern Atlantic. The rare chiasmodontid Kali macrodon was caught for the first time in Cape Verdean waters during an oceanographic survey in September 2009. This record provides the fifth occurrence for the species in the north-eastern Atlantic and represents the third specimen ever caught in tropical waters.

Prawn seed resources and its farming potentialities in Sunkeri back waters (Kali Estuary - Karwar)

Prawn seed resources of Sunkeri back waters indicated the availability of Penaeus indicus, P. monodon, Metapenaeus dobsoni and M. monoceros. The monthly variation in seed composition, its correlation with environmental parameters and the aquaculture potentialities are reported

Composition and distribution of benthos in Kali Estuary, Karwar

The composition and abundance of meio and macrobenthos in 5 stations of Kali estuary were studied during September 1981 to September 1982. In all sixteen meiobenthic and fourteen macrobenthic taxa were identified and the salient features in their temporal and spatial distribution, species dominance and percentage occurrence are discussed.

The Jua Kali and the Mali-Mali: the informal/formal nexus amongst Kenyan micro enterprises

This paper presents a preliminary exploration of the informal/formal economy nexus and entrepreneurial processes amongst a sample of Kenyan roadside vendors who mostly operate in the informal economy. Using semi-structured interviews, data was collected from sixty street vendors across Kenya. In particular the paper focuses on the relationship between the informal and formal economy and the factors that promote formality amongst micro and small enterprises in developing countries. The paper presents a conceptualization of a potential segmentation of the informal economy, considering the implications of this in terms of base of the pyramid initiatives and the promotion of development through enterprise.

Genetic differentiation of Macrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae, Perciformes) populations in Atlantic coastal waters of South America as revealed by mtDNA analysis

The king weakfish (pescada-gó in Portuguese - Macrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae), a demersal (bottom-feeding) species found in South America Atlantic coastal waters from the Gulf of Paria in Venezuela to Baia Blanca in Argentina, is an economically important species because of its abundance and wide acceptance by consumers. Because of its wide distribution this fish may be subject to geographic isolation and this may have resulted in distinct populations along its coastal range. Considering that this species represents an important economic resource, confirmation of whether M. ancylodon is a single species or there are different genetic stocks spread over its wide distribution would be an important contribution to conservation policies and population management of the king weakfish. To investigate differences between king weakfish populations we used the cytochrome b and 16S rRNA genes to characterize M. ancylodon specimens caught throughout its South American range from Venezuela to Argentina. Our results clearly distinguished two genetically different groups which show nucleotide divergence and genetic structuring patterns that strongly suggest they may be different species, disagreeing with the widely accepted traditional taxonomy that accepts only one species of Macrodon in the western Atlantic.

Food categories reconstruction and feeding consumption estimates for the Sciaenid Macrodon ancylodon (Bloch & Schneider), and the congeneric fishes Stellifer rastrifer (Jordan) and Stellifer naso (Jordan) (Pisces, Perciformes) in the Caeté Estuary, Northern Coast of Brazil

Um método quantitativo para se estimar o consumo alimentar e o aporte energético das diferentes categorias alimentares é apresentado através da reconstrução das presas ingeridas com base em estruturas corporais não digeríveis. Para tal, o presente estudo estabelece, através do exame dos conteúdos estomacais de 1.086 exemplares dissecados de Macrodon ancylodon (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), Stellifer rastrifer (Jordan, 1889) e Stellifer naso (Jordan, 1889), as equações das relações funcionais entre o peso das presas e estruturas corporais. Com as categorias reconstruídas foi possível quantificar o alimento ingerido pelos espécimes. Os resultados indicaram que existe uma marcada diferença, tanto na composição das categorias alimentares, bem como no aporte energético acompanhando o desenvolvimento ontogênico do predador.

Nematode parasites of Pescada Gó, Macrodon ancylodon Bloch and Schneider, 1801 (Osteichthyes, Sciaenidae), from Vila dos Pescadores, Bragança-PA, Brazil

The objective of this work was to evaluate the host/parasite relationship of nematodes in Macrodon ancylodon. Ninety seven fishes (50 in wet season and 47 in dry season) were weighed (167.1 ± 109.9g) and measured (28.3 ± 5.2cm). Only twelve specimens were not infected by any parasites and the prevalence of infection was 87.6%. The highest prevalence values were observed in August and September (dry season, 100%). The stomach was the most infected organ during the whole months (prevalence of 64.2%, and mean intensity of 4.6±7.8 parasites/fish), and the medium intestine showed the lowest infection (prevalence 27.3% and mean intensity 2.5±2.1 parasites/fish). The nematodes were identified as Raphidascaris sp., Goezia sp. and Cucullanus sp. Only the male and juvenile fishes could be presented different values of infection according to rainfall, being more infected in August to October. The female hosts presented higher values of abundance and mean intensity of infection (p<0.01) throughout the year.

Reproductive biology and spatio-temporal distribution of Stellifer rastrifer, Stellifer naso and Macrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae) in the Caeté estuary, northern Brazil

O presente estudo caracteriza a distribuição espaço-temporal dos peixes com maior abundância dentre a família Sciaenidae no estuário do rio Caeté, litoral norte do Brasil. Estima-se o comprimento de inicio da maturação sexual, o comprimento médio da primeira maturação sexual e os períodos de desova. Para tal, durante os meses de outubro de 1996 a agosto de 1997, foram feitas 6 coletas bimestrais, através de arrastos de fundo. A partir de subamostras das espécies mais abundantes dentro das capturas, construíram-se distribuições de freqüência de comprimento total, que foram analisadas por período e local de coleta. De onze espécies de Sciaenidae coletadas, a maior contribuição em abundância de exemplares foi feita pelas espécies Stellifer rastrifer, Stellifer naso e Macrodon ancylodon. Determinou-se que a distribuição espacial das espécies no sistema, está relacionada com mudanças periódicas na salinidade dentro do estuário e a sua dinâmica de reprodução. Assim, os juvenis de S. rastrifer, S. naso e M. ancylodon distribuíram-se nas áreas mais internas do estuário e os adultos nas águas costeiras, com maiores teores de salinidade. Enquanto que M. ancylodon apresenta desovas periódicas durante outubro a fevereiro, S. rastrifer e S. naso apresentam desovas parceladas com dois picos mais intensos de outubro a dezembro e durante junho.

Molecular phylogeography of the European coastal plants Crithmum maritimum L., Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen, Salsola kali L. and Calystegia soldanella (L.) R. Br.

The intraspecific phylogeography of four European coastal plants, Crithmum maritimum, Halimione portulacoides, Salsola kali and Calystegia soldanella, was inferred from AFLP and ITS data. Only in C. maritimum, H. portulacoides and S. kali, a spatial genetic structure was revealed. The phylogeographic similarities and dissimilarities of these species include: (1) All three have distinct Black/Aegean and Adriatic Sea clusters. (2) Salsola kali and H. portulacoides show a distinct Atlantic/North Sea/Baltic Sea cluster, while Atlantic and eastern Spanish material of C. maritimum clustered together. (3) In the west Mediterranean, only S. kali forms a single cluster, while both H. portulacoides and C. maritimum display a phylogeographic break in the vicinity of the southern French coast. For S. kali, AFLP and ITS data concur in identifying separate Atlantic, east and west Mediterranean clades. All these patterns are postulated to result from both temperature changes during the last glacial and contemporary sea currents. No geographic AFLP structure was revealed in C. soldanella, both at the range-wide and population level. This was attributed to the remarkable seed dispersal ability of this species and possibly its longevity and clonal growth, preserving a random pattern of genetic variation generated by long-distance seed dispersal over long time periods.

Eine groizame gešichṭe : welche zich in Kališ am 23. juni 1878 tzugeṭragen haṭ

heroisgegeben fom Badḥan in Kališ

Kali im Toten Meer

Max Blanckenhorn

Das palästinensische Kali in der internationalen Kaliwirtschaft

Wilhelm Lecker

Das palästinensische Kali in der internationalen Kaliwirtschaft

Wilhelm Lecker