A reply to two deistical works, entitled "The New Trial of the Witnesses," &c. and Gamaliel Smith's [pseud. for Jeremy Bentham] "Not Paul but Jesus."

Mode of access: Internet.

St. Paul vindicated, being Part I of A reply to a late publication by Gamaliel Smith, Esq. [pseud. for Jeremy Bentham] entitled "Not Paul, but Jesus".

Mode of access: Internet.

Introduction to the study of the works of Jeremy Bentham.

Mode of access: Internet.

Foreword

In 1978, three years after the publication of Foucault’s book Discipline and Punish, which famously introduced Bentham’s notion of the Panopticon to a wide audience, the French historian Jacques Léonard remarked that ‘it would need a squadron of competent historians to sort out the mass of interpretations’ offered by Foucault’s work. In response, Foucault said that he wanted his work to provide a workshop which would allow both himself and others to undertake further work and experiment with different approaches. He also cheerfully noted that he was encouraged by the ‘irritating effect’ that his work produced on others. The present book, which comprehensively treats the work of Bentham both in the wake of and against Foucault’s work, is a cogent testimony to the continued currency of these observations.

Sovereignty, surveillance and speeding: Considering the Panopticon as a method of policing

This paper argues that the Panopticon is an accurate model for and illustration of policing and security methods in the modern society. Initially, I overview the theoretical concept of the Panopticon as a structure of perceived universal surveillance which facilitates automatic obedience in its subjects as identified by the theorists Jeremy Bentham and Michel Foucault. The paper subsequently moves to identify how the Panopticon, despite being a theoretical construct, is nevertheless instantiated to an extent through the prevalence of security cameras as a means of sovereignly regulating human conduct; speeding is an ordinary example. It could even be contended that increasing surveillance according to the model of the Panopticon would reduce the frequency of offences. However, in the final analysis the paper considers that even if adopting an approach based on the Panopticon is a more effective method of policing, it is not necessarily a more desirable one.

Ingeniería y sociedad de control : sobre diseño y videovigilancia pública

Introducción: Desde tiempos inmemoriales las sociedades han pensado y desarrollado formas de control para actuar sobre distintos tipos de situaciones colectivas. Si bien las causas y los objetos de la vigilancia han ido variando según los distintos tiempos y contextos, quizás el mayor cambio que se encuentra sucediendo en la actualidad se refiere a una cuestión asociada a la pragmática del cambio tecnológico: cómo se vigila. Efectivamente, así como se pueden reconocer las figuras del Barón Hausmann en la ciudad de París del siglo XIX o de Robert Moses en la Nueva York del siglo XX, como asociadas a diseños urbanísticos que influyeron en las vidas de miles de personas, o a Jeremy Bentham, cuyo paradigmático panóptico del siglo XVIII sirvió de modelo para la construcción de cárceles, fábricas y escuelas, hoy en día las formas de control no se manifiestan solamente en estructuras de hormigón y acero, sino en el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías de base informática que se despliegan en las grandes urbes sin que medie mayor reflexión sobre ellas.

Genealogia do atomismo

Esta dissertação propõe-se a trabalhar com a questão da individualidade no ocidente. Sendo este problema muito amplo, busca-se restringir a questão a duas conceituações: o atomismo concebido de forma geral por Charles Taylor e a genealogia segundo Michel Foucault. Ambos os conceitos são formas de dar um melhor entendimento ao movimento utilitarista dos séculos XVIII e XIX, principalmente tendo um enfoque nas obras de Jeremy Bentham e John Stuart Mill. O atomismo é um problema teórico que busca integrar, de forma relativamente polêmica, até mesmo confundindo, a moral social à moral individual. O utilitarismo resolve tal dilema de duas formas: pela economia e pela política dizendo que a última está em função da primeira e que ambas direcionam-se à busca da felicidade e/ou do prazer. A genealogia é uma metodologia que permite pensar a história como ruptura e descontinuidade, ou seja, um aprofundamento histórico sobre as relações de poder que formam as conceituações. A interpretação da fuga política e econômica do utilitarismo será vista na teoria do poder formulada por Foucault. Espera-se que, assim, o trabalho consiga ter uma visão crítica da individualidade, a partir das ideias de um movimento moderno que foi essencial para a teoria política. De um lado, a preocupação histórica com um movimento dos séculos XVIII e XIX. Do outro lado, uma discussão de poder, histórica, sobre estes períodos na obra de Foucault. Trata-se, portanto, de uma dissertação que busca construir uma genealogia do atomismo a partir das obras de Charles Taylor e Michel Foucault.

Utilitarianism and Buddist ethics: a comparative approach to the ethics of animal research

This thesis explores the comparison utilitarianism and Buddhist ethics as they can be applied to animal research. It begins by examining some of the general discussions surrounding the use of animals in research. The historical views on the moral status of animals, the debate surrounding their use in animals, as well as the current 3R paradigm and its application in Canadian research are explored. The thesis then moves on to expound the moral system of utilitarianism as put forth by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, as well as contemporary additions to the system. It also looks at the basics of Buddhist ethics well distinguishing the Mahayana from the Therevada. Three case studies in animal research are used to explore how both systems can be applied to animal research. It then offers a comparison as to how both ethical systems function within the field of animal research and explores the implications in their application on its practice.

Educación familiar y correccional en la trayectoria biográfica de un joven falangista valenciano : 1913-1939.

La revisión de las memorias escritas por Luís María en la Escuela de Reforma Santa Rita (Carabanchel bajo, Madrid) en 1929 permite analizar, aparte de sus influencias educativas familiares, el modelo de educación correccional aplicado por los Terciarios Capuchinos en la citada escuela. Se identifica en la tarea educativa amigoniana reminiscencias alusivas a las recomendaciones de Jeremy Bentham, el 'teórico iconoclasta y reformador de prisiones'. En definitiva constituyen una muestra práctica que permite el análisis pormenorizado de los complejos mecanismos puestos en juego: obediencia, privación de posesiones y objetos personales, control de movimientos, etc..

Before transparency: control and communication in Early-Modern Europe

Today, transparency is hailed as a key to good governance and economic efficiency, with national states implementing new laws to allow citizens access to information. It is therefore paradoxical that, as shown by a series of crises and scandals, modern governments and international agencies frequently have paid only lip-service to such ideals. Since Jeremy Bentham first introduced the concept of transparency into the language in 1789, few societal debates have sparked so much interest within the academic community, and across a variety of disciplines, using different approaches and methodologies. Within these current debates, however, one fact is striking: the lack of historical reflection about the development of the concept of transparency, both as a principle and as applied in practice, prior to its inception. Accordingly, the aim of this special issue is to contribute to historicising the ways in which communication and control over fiscal policy and state finances operated in early modern European polities.

Foucauldian Panopticism: The Gaze in Selected 19th Century Literature

Throughout history, women have often been perceived as hysterical and weak. This perception has been reflected through the representation of women in literature which has resulted in a limited scope of female normality and morality creating characteristics fundamentally different than male characters. Though these characteristics have been contributed as natural female characteristics, the theories of Jeremy Bentham, a 18th and 19th century Englishman, can be applied as a possible reason for these reactions. Bentham’s Panopticon, the theory of punishment wherein a constant unseen gaze peers at inmates theoretically creating paranoia and psychological breakdown, creates characteristics similar to those that women in literature seem to exhibit. In this paper, I will outline the characteristics of three various characters in novels. First, I will review the Panoptic literature that has been written on The Woman in Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper, then I will conduct my own analysis on The Governess in Henry James’ The Turn of the Screw and Jane Eyre in Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre . In this analysis, I will consider the “gaze,” the symbolic Panopticon implemented by society, and argue how characteristics present in stereotypical representations of women are not inherent in women due to gender or sex, but because women are most objectified and thereby most affected by the Panoptic gaze of society.

Apontamentos críticos à distribuição dinâmica do ônus da prova

O ônus da prova tem sido tradicionalmente distribuído no processo civil brasileiro segundo disposições legais prévias, contidas em geral no artigo 333 do Código de Processo Civil e que em geral seguem os brocados jurídicos onus probandi incumbit ei qui allegat, probatio incumbit asserenti e semper necessitas probandi incumbit illi quit agit. Nos últimos anos, no entanto, tem crescido na doutrina e na jurisprudência a tendência de atribuir o onus probandi à parte que supostamente tem mais facilidade em produzir a prova nos autos, independentemente da distribuição predeterminada pela lei. A inspiração para esta mudança vem da teoria argentina das cargas probatórias dinâmicas, introduzida pelo juiz Jorge Peyrano e que teria suas raízes, supostamente, no trabalho de Jeremy Bentham. O projeto de um novo Código de Processo Civil, que está sendo discutido no Congresso Nacional, muito provavelmente incluirá disposição autorizado expressamente que o juiz desloque o ônus da prova de uma parte para a outra quando entender que esta última tem melhores condições de produzí-la. Os riscos invocados contra esta teoria são o aumento da insegurança jurídica, da possibilidade de arbitrariedade do julgador e da dificuldade de estabelecer previsões sobre sucesso processual, impedindo que as partes possam tomar as melhores decisões sobre como se portar antes e durante um eventual processo. Também há crítica contra o enfraquecimento da imparcialidade do juiz, o que, segundo os defensores da teoria, não ocorreria. Uma análise dos argumentos contra e a favor da teoria do ônus dinâmico da prova, dos instrumentos já existentes no direito brasileiro para os problemas que esta teoria vida atacar, e das novas disposições legais a serem em breve introduzidas demonstra que existe uma linha tênue a ser traçada e seguida para que se atinjam os benefícios pretendidos, sem cair em novos problemas. É importante adotar e interpretar as novas normas processuais cuidadosa e atenciosamente, de modo a evitar prejuízo a garantias básicas dos jurisdicionados.

Out of the past: (critical and literary papers)

Bryant's poems.--Jeremy Bentham and law reform.--Edward Livingston and his code.--Journalism.--John James Audubon.--Percy Bysshe Shelley.--The last half-century.--American authorship.--Alison's histories of Europe.--The "Works" of American statesmen.--Comte's philosophy.--Strauss's Life of Jesus.--The late Horace Binney Wallace.--Thackeray as novelist.--Goethe.--Ruskin's writings.--Causes of the French revolution.--Motley's Rise of the Dutch republic.--Emerson on England.

A fragment on government; or, A comment on the commentaries: being an examination of what is delivered on the subject of government in general, in the introduction to Sir William Blackstone's Commentaries: with a preface, in which is given a critique on the work at large.

"List of ... works of Jeremy Bentham": 3 p.