Eficiência técnica na indústria de base florestal brasileira via metas intermediárias

Propôs-se, neste artigo, uma busca de alvos, por etapas, com alvos intermediários nas camadas de isoeficiência para que o Setor de Fabricação de Produtos de Base Florestal (SFPBF) de cada Estado atinja, de forma gradual, nível de eficiência técnica mais elevado. Para isso, utilizaram-se dados da Pesquisa Industrial Anual (PIA) de 2007, do IBGE. Aplicou-se a Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA) orientada ao insumo, tendo a receita líquida do setor como produto e como insumos o total do custo das operações industriais (COI) e as remunerações do setor (SRO). Dos 14 Estados analisados, o Espírito Santo foi o mais eficiente e o Rio de Janeiro, o mais ineficiente. Outros 12 Estados foram tecnicamente ineficientes, de forma que três devem, no curto prazo, buscar a camada 1, três a camada 2, dois a camada 3 e três a camada 4. Verificou-se que no Brasil o COI é a principal causa da ineficiência técnica.

Estudo da tratabilidade de água pluvial utilizando coagulante natural a base de tanino visando fins não potáveis

This paper aimed to study the treatability of rainwater collected in Rio Claro, SP, using natural coagulant tannin based. The tannin was compared with other too primary coagulants, namely ferric chloride and corn starch. Assays were performed in laboratory scale using equipment known as Jarteste and aimed to study the conditions most suitable dosage and coagulation pH. First tests were conducted to compare the coagulating and determination of the conditions to be used in the following tests, taking as a criterion the greatest efficiency for water treatment. Also performed were performed tests to construct the tannin coagulation diagram, using the optimal concentration found in the previous phase, by varying the dosage of coagulant and the pH of clotting in order to determine the isoefficiency regions for apparent color and turbidity. Finally, tests were performed cyclically filtration with filter paper. Preliminary tests indicated that the vegetable tannin concentration 3% (m/m) from the commercial solution was presented the best set of results (84.3% removal of apparent color and 82.51% removal of turbidity) compared to ferric chloride (66.25% removal efficiency and apparent color of turbidity 67.82%) and starch (73.68% removal efficiency apparent color and turbidity to 67.19%). The coagulation diagrams indicate that the best region to work with vegetable tannin 3% is where the coagulant dosage ranges from 15 mg/L to about 37.5 mg/L and coagulation pH ranging from about 6.5 to 7.5. The cyclic filtration showed to be not efficient for the best dosage of coagulant, due to the process of clogging of the filter paper, but proved to be efficient for other dosages. Thus, for the waters studied, the results indicate that the natural coagulant based tannin is an alternative to conventional coagulants, possessing benefits of technical and environmental