Relatório detalhado sobre a atividade profissional desenvolvida no perído 2007-2015 no Gabinete de Fundos Comunitários do Município da Póvoa de Lanhoso

Dissertação de mestrado em Geografia (área de especialização em Planeamento e Gestão do Território)

Transparência informacional e fluxo de recursos em fundos mútuos

O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar como se comporta a relação entre fluxo e performance de um fundo de investimentos quando se altera o nível de transparência de um mercado. Tendo em conta o modelo de gestão ativa de portfólios de Berk e Green (2004), derivamos como o fluxo de recursos de um fundo se comporta ao longo do tempo e como esta relação muda quando variamos o nível de transparência do mercado. Utilizamos o resultado teórico para analisar o episódio da ‘marcação a mercado’, ocorrido no Brasil em 2002. A mudança institucional de 2002 induziu maior transparência no mercado de fundos brasileiro, tornado os investidores mais capazes de identificar a habilidade dos gestores, à medida que passaram a ter informações mais confiáveis acerca do seu desempenho. Encontramos evidência de que o mercado brasileiro segue o comportamento esperado pela teoria no que se refere ao impacto da idade de um fundo sobre a sua relação entre fluxo e performance, corroborando o resultado obtido por Chevalier e Ellison (1997) para o Brasil. Concluímos também, como previsto no modelo teórico, que a mudança institucional de maio de 2002, aumentou a velocidade com a qual a sensibilidade do patrimônio líquido à performance cai ao longo do tempo.

ANÁLISE DE RISCO E RETORNO DE FUNDOS DE INVESTIMENTOS BRASILEIROS

Este estudo tem como objetivo principal confirmar definição conceitual apresentada pela Bovespa e o mercado financeiro brasileiro dos perfis dos fundos de investimentos brasileiros adotando como técnica estatística a análise de agrupamentos, sendo que os perfis são: agressivo, moderado e conservador. Outro objetivo foi verificar se a crise financeira mundial interferiu nos resultados dos fundos de investimentos. Essa pesquisa permite compreender o perfil dos fundos de investimentos ofertados no mercado financeiro brasileiro e também disponibilizar a aproximação da academia com o mercado. Os fundos de investimentos foram selecionados do banco de dados da empresa Quantum Axis, sendo que, extraiu-se uma população contendo 104 fundos de investimentos. A pesquisa divide-se em 6 análises, sendo que a sexta análise compreende o intervalo de tempo de 02/12/2003 à 28/11/2008 e as outras 5 são intervalos anuais. As observações da população do estudo são taxas efetivas diárias de retorno. Utiliza-se a variável risco e a variável retorno dos fundos de investimentos para formação dos grupos. Nas análises de agrupamentos adota-se o método de aglomeração k-médias. Calcula-se o risco pelo desvio padrão e o retorno pela média aritmética dos fundos de investimentos. A pesquisa mostra que os fundos de investimentos ofertados no mercado financeiro brasileiro foram classificados em três perfis diferentes, observa-se também que os resultados dos fundos de investimentos foram afetados pela crise financeira mundial.(AU)

ANÁLISE DE RISCO E RETORNO DE FUNDOS DE INVESTIMENTOS BRASILEIROS

Este estudo tem como objetivo principal confirmar definição conceitual apresentada pela Bovespa e o mercado financeiro brasileiro dos perfis dos fundos de investimentos brasileiros adotando como técnica estatística a análise de agrupamentos, sendo que os perfis são: agressivo, moderado e conservador. Outro objetivo foi verificar se a crise financeira mundial interferiu nos resultados dos fundos de investimentos. Essa pesquisa permite compreender o perfil dos fundos de investimentos ofertados no mercado financeiro brasileiro e também disponibilizar a aproximação da academia com o mercado. Os fundos de investimentos foram selecionados do banco de dados da empresa Quantum Axis, sendo que, extraiu-se uma população contendo 104 fundos de investimentos. A pesquisa divide-se em 6 análises, sendo que a sexta análise compreende o intervalo de tempo de 02/12/2003 à 28/11/2008 e as outras 5 são intervalos anuais. As observações da população do estudo são taxas efetivas diárias de retorno. Utiliza-se a variável risco e a variável retorno dos fundos de investimentos para formação dos grupos. Nas análises de agrupamentos adota-se o método de aglomeração k-médias. Calcula-se o risco pelo desvio padrão e o retorno pela média aritmética dos fundos de investimentos. A pesquisa mostra que os fundos de investimentos ofertados no mercado financeiro brasileiro foram classificados em três perfis diferentes, observa-se também que os resultados dos fundos de investimentos foram afetados pela crise financeira mundial.(AU)

ANÁLISE DE RISCO E RETORNO DE FUNDOS DE INVESTIMENTOS BRASILEIROS

Este estudo tem como objetivo principal confirmar definição conceitual apresentada pela Bovespa e o mercado financeiro brasileiro dos perfis dos fundos de investimentos brasileiros adotando como técnica estatística a análise de agrupamentos, sendo que os perfis são: agressivo, moderado e conservador. Outro objetivo foi verificar se a crise financeira mundial interferiu nos resultados dos fundos de investimentos. Essa pesquisa permite compreender o perfil dos fundos de investimentos ofertados no mercado financeiro brasileiro e também disponibilizar a aproximação da academia com o mercado. Os fundos de investimentos foram selecionados do banco de dados da empresa Quantum Axis, sendo que, extraiu-se uma população contendo 104 fundos de investimentos. A pesquisa divide-se em 6 análises, sendo que a sexta análise compreende o intervalo de tempo de 02/12/2003 à 28/11/2008 e as outras 5 são intervalos anuais. As observações da população do estudo são taxas efetivas diárias de retorno. Utiliza-se a variável risco e a variável retorno dos fundos de investimentos para formação dos grupos. Nas análises de agrupamentos adota-se o método de aglomeração k-médias. Calcula-se o risco pelo desvio padrão e o retorno pela média aritmética dos fundos de investimentos. A pesquisa mostra que os fundos de investimentos ofertados no mercado financeiro brasileiro foram classificados em três perfis diferentes, observa-se também que os resultados dos fundos de investimentos foram afetados pela crise financeira mundial.(AU)

European Agroforestry Conference. 3rd. Book of Abstracts

Agroforestry is considered nowadays as a sustainable form of land management that is being promoted by different global institutions like FAO and its Global Alliance Smart Climate Agriculture to mitigate and adaptate to Climate change. The European Commission through the protection of landscape features, greening and Rural Development Programs is promoting the essential presence of woody vegetation across Europe, but in a way that is difficult to recognize by farmers. AGROFE and AGFORWARD projects are both demonstrating the important value of Agroforestry at European level, which together with EURAF are pushing European Commission to include measures enhancing Agroforestry. However, there is a need of a European Agroforestry Strategy that recognizes the drawbacks of Agroforestry to be implemented at European level. This strategy should include the main mechanisms to show farmers how to implement it and at the same time to get funded for the important ecosystem services that they provide when implementing agroforestry. AGFORWARD project has identified the main agroforestry practices in Europe, highlighting silvopasture, but showing the importance that others forms of agroforestry have to play like homegardens with multipurpose trees, or the adequate improvement of fallow lands where woody vegetation can enhance the levels of organic matter in the soil if adequately managed. AGFORWARD also shows the lack of information of the real implementation of agroforestry practices like forest farming, in spite of the important productive and ecosystem benefits it provides. EURAF through the participation in the different civil dialogue groups (CAP, Direct Payments and Greening, Forestry and Cork, Organic Farming, Arable, Environment and Climate Change and Rural Development) has included and promoted agroforestry within the European Agenda. The role of Agroforestry has been also enhanced in the Groups of experts of European Structural and Investments funds and as part of the European Network for Rural Development and its derived groups: innovation, evaluation and CLLD/LEADER. EURAF is pleased to announce that Agroforestry will be discussed as part of a focus group of the European Innovation Partnership, so, apply and join the group. This book represents the lastest findings on agroforestry in Europe, integrating the participation of researchers but also policy makers and farmers and farmers' associations. It was a pleasure for EURAF to integrate all this needed knowledge to be disseminated at European levels. On behalf of EURAF, I wish all of you a successful meeting and invite you to strengthen agroforestry within the different European Union countries when you go back home. Rosa Mosquera-LOSADA President of EURAF

Economic development and growth in West Africa: a multiple case study analysis of sovereign wealth funds’ investments and performance

Durante a recente crise da dívida soberana europeia, os fundos soberanos demonstraram seu peso na esfera financeira global. Contribuíram para salvar o sistema financeiro dos países desenvolvidos, distribuindo créditos que as entidades financeiras tradicionais do Norte não podiam mais providenciar. Em 2012, os ativos totais desses fundos atingiram USD 4.620 bilhões, comparado aos USD 3.355 bilhões de antes da crise, no final de 2007 (Preqin, 2012). Sendo quase todos criados por economias em desenvolvimento ou subdesenvolvidas, os fundos soberanos podem então ser vistos como o símbolo de um recente reequilíbrio do poder a favor desses países (Santiso, 2008). Além disso, em um futuro próximo, espera-se que os fundos soberanos afastem-se dos países desenvolvidos para investir mais em países em desenvolvimento. Nesse contexto, os países africanos estão cada vez mais alvos de investimentos dos fundos (Triki & Faye, 2011). O estudo subjacente analisa dois fundos, o IFC ALAC e o Mubadala Development Company, para entender como, de acordo com as percepções dos seus gestores, os fundos soberanos podem ajudar no desenvolvimento dos países beneficiários. Mais precisamente, trata-se definir, através de um estudo de casos múltiplos, quais são os mecanismos pelos quais os fundos soberanos podem impactar o desenvolvimento da África ocidental. Os resultados sugerem que, segundo os gestores, os fundos soberanos podem desempenhar um papel significativo no desenvolvimento dos países beneficiários. Eles investem em alguns setores-chave da economia (bancos, infraestruturas etc.), criando condições favoráveis ao desenvolvimento local. Além disso, através de um efeito multiplicador, os investimentos dos fundos soberanos alavancam novos investimentos do setor privado local ou global, fortalecendo o tecido industrial e produtivo do país beneficiário. Porém, parece que as empresas beneficiárias não ajudam nas transferências de conhecimento e de tecnologia, embora sejam essenciais para o desenvolvimento econômico, e se limitam a programas de treinamento específico e de RSE. Além disso, apesar dos investimentos de fundos soberanos impulsionarem o crescimento da região, eles também podem agravar a dependência dessas economias à exportação de commodities. Finalmente, os impactos positivos dos fundos soberanos sobre a economia regional são muitas vezes reduzidos devido a conflitos políticos e barreiras estruturais exigindo reformas profundas e de longo prazo.

Performance of european socially responsible funds during market crises: evidence from France

This paper investigates the performance, investment styles andmanagerial abilities of French socially responsible investment (SRI) funds investing in Europe during crisis and non-crisis periods. Our results show that SRI funds significantly underperformcharacteristics-matched conventional funds during non-crisis periods, but match the performance of their peers duringmarket downturns. The underperformance of SRI funds during good economic states is driven by funds that use negative screens, since funds that use only positive screens performsimilarly to conventional funds across differentmarket conditions. SRI and conventional funds showsignificant differences in risk exposures during non-crisis periods but exhibit much more similar investment styles during crises. Furthermore,we find little evidence of significant differences inmanagerial abilities during bad economic states. Yet, during non-crisis periods, SRI and conventional fund managers exhibit significantly different style-timing abilities and these differences are also related to screening strategies.

‘Driving Forces of Investment Decisions in Mutual Funds’

Unfortunately, in India it is a fact that most of the investors are not interested in mutual funds. Those who are investing, they are investing only very small amounts. But what is important to be noted here is that when compared to other financial instruments, investments in mutual funds are safer and also yields more returns on the investment portfolio. Moreover as an investment avenue mutual fund is available for those investors who are not willing to take any exposure directly in the security market. It also helps such investors to build their wealth over a period of time. At the retail level, investors are unique and are highly heterogeneous, and the mutual fund schemes' selection will also differ depends on their expectations. Hence, investors’ expectation is a very important factor in this regard that needs to be analysed by all the investment houses. Hence, the factors that drive the investment decisions of individual investors to meet their expectations by investing money in mutual funds need an in-depth analysis. These driving forces include the preference of investors on mutual fund compared to various available avenues of financial investments, risk attitude of investors, influence of characteristics of instruments of mutual funds on investors, the investment specific attitudes of investors, and influence of qualities of fund management on investors. The success of any mutual fund, a popular means of investment, depends on how effectively an Asset Management Company has been able to understand the level of influence of these factors on the decision of investors to invest in mutual funds. For a substantial growth in the mutual fund market, there must be a high level precision in the design and marketing of the products of mutual funds taking into account these driving forces by the Asset Management Companies. Therefore, there is a need to conduct a detailed study on investments in mutual funds in this direction. A review of available literature also revealed that no detailed study on mutual funds has so far been attempted in this direction; hence the present study on Driving Forces of Investment Decisions in Mutual Funds is undertaken.

Performance drivers of UK unlisted property funds

An unlisted property fund is a private investment vehicle which aims to provide direct property total returns and may also employ financial leverage which will accentuate performance. They have become a far more prevalent institutional property investment conduit since the early 2000’s. Investors have been primarily attracted to them due to the ease of executing a property exposure, both domestically and internationally, and for their diversification benefits given the capital intensive nature of constructing a well diversified commercial property investment portfolio. However, despite their greater prominence there has been little academic research conducted on the performance and risks of unlisted property fund investments. This can be attributed to a paucity of available data and limited time series where it exists. In this study we have made use of a unique dataset of institutional UK unlisted non-listed property funds over the period 2003Q4 to 2011Q4, using a panel modelling framework in order to determine the key factors which impact on fund performance. The sample provided a rich set of unlisted property fund factors including market exposures, direct property characteristics and the level of financial leverage employed. The findings from the panel regression analysis show that a small number of variables are able to account for the performance of unlisted property funds. These variables should be considered by investors when assessing the risk and return of these vehicles. The impact of financial leverage upon the performance of these vehicles through the recent global financial crisis and subsequent UK commercial property market downturn was also studied. The findings indicate a significant asymmetric effect of employing debt finance within unlisted property funds.

A review of Islamic mutual funds’ financial performance and investment style in Muslim and non-Muslim countries

Islamic finance has grown beyond its reputation of providing small-scale banking options and now provides investment and financing options for complex large-scale commercial transactions. Islamic investments are one area that has attracted the attention of investors due to its performance, especially during the economic downturn. The Shari’ah compliance nature of Islamic funds provides an opportunity for those Muslim investors to be part of the global investment sector who have previously been reluctant to invest in conventional mutual funds. The fact that the funds’ managers are prohibited from investing in activities such as weapons production, alcohol production and interest-bearing finance operations, makes Islamic mutual funds also attractive for those Non-Muslim investors who wish to invest ethically. Today there are hundreds of Islamic equity indices offered by Dow Jones, FTSE, MSCI and S&P. Despite the growing importance of Islamic funds, there have been limited studies exploring the performance of Islamic funds worldwide. Due to very limited data sets and not too rigorous analytical methods, these existent studies have neither investigated Islamic funds’ financial performance in noticeable detail nor analysed the investment style of more than six funds. For instance, relevant questions such as the financial performance of Islamic mutual funds’ beyond their investment styles or a difference in performance between funds from Muslim and non-Muslim countries have nearly not been investigated at all. Very recently, a study by Hoepner, Rammal and Rezec (2011) analysed the financial performance and investment style of 262 Islamic equity funds from 20 countries in five regions (Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europe, Gulf Cooperative Council-GCC, and North America). As comparison, previous studies did not even analyse 60 funds. Hoepner et al.’s study sampled a period of two decades and was therefore able to test the performance of the funds during economic booms as well as economic downturns. The findings of the study provide new insights into the performance of Islamic mutual funds in Muslim and Western markets and during financial crisis.

The performance of open-end Brazilian fixed income mutual funds for retail clients

From a financial perspective, this dissertation analyzes the Brazilian mutual fund industry performance for an average retail client. The most representative funds for the local population, that are the fixed income open-end ones, will be selected and their performance will be measured aiming to answer if clients of this industry obtained a proper return over their investments in the period between August 2010 and August 2013. A proper return will be understood as the preservation of the purchasing power of the individual´s savings, what is achieved with a positive performance of a mutual fund after discounting taxes, administrative fees and inflation. After obtaining an answer for the previous question, this dissertation will explore a possible alternative solution: Tesouro Direto, that is an example of a financial approach that could foster the disintermediation between savings and investments through electronic channels. New electronic platforms, with a broader scope, could be utilized to increase the efficiency of funding productive investments through better remunerating Brazilian savings. Tesouro Direto may point towards a new paradigm.