Comunidades mediadas pela Internet : uma pesquisa multimétodos para estruturação de base conceitual e projeto de web sites

O objeto de estudo da presente pesquisa são as comunidades mediadas pela Internet (CMIs). Uma CMI consiste de um conjunto de pessoas que compartilham interesses e que, durante algum tempo, utilizam recursos em comum na Internet (por exemplo, um web site – objeto preferencial deste trabalho) para trocarem informações umas com as outras relativamente aos interesses compartilhados. A pesquisa realizada é exploratória e qualitativa, tendo feito uso de estudos de caso, pesquisa-ação e entrevistas em profundidade para estruturar uma base conceitual para as CMIs e reunir elementos relevantes a serem considerados quando da construção de web sites para as mesmas. Realizou-se estudo de caso de 5 (cinco) web sites de CMIs, a fim de serem identificadas as principais tecnologias e métodos em uso atualmente para a estruturação de web sites para CMIs. Na pesquisa-ação, 7 (sete) grupos de pessoas foram identificados e, para cada um, construiu-se 1 (um) web site, de modo que se ofereceu um espaço na Internet para a interação dos seus integrantes. A observação da interação das pessoas através dos web sites permitiu concluir-se que, dos sete grupos iniciais, apenas 1 (um) poderia ser caracterizado como CMI, conforme critérios de Jones (1997): associação sustentável, variedade de comunicadores, espaço virtual para a comunicação em grupo, e interatividade. Para as entrevistas em profundidade, elaborou-se um questionário com base no referencial teórico, nos estudos de caso e na pesquisa-ação, sendo aplicado a 17 (dezessete) pessoas (da única CMI e de dois dos sete grupos). O objetivo das entrevistas foi levantarem-se percepções sobre os web sites utilizados pelos grupos, percepções essas que, sob análise de conteúdo, ajudaram na formação de um conjunto de 12 (doze) recomendações para a construção de web sites para CMIs. As recomendações são de natureza diversa, mas deixam clara a necessidade de haver um entendimento profundo do contexto de uma CMI previamente ao projeto do seu web site.

Psychological predictors of young adults' use of social networking sites

Young people are increasingly using social networking sites (SNSs), like Myspace and Facebook, to engage with others. The use of SNSs can have both positive and negative effects on the individual; however, few research studies identify the types of people who frequent these Internet sites. This study sought to predict young adults’ use of SNSs and addictive tendency towards the use of SNSs from their personality characteristics and levels of self-esteem. University students (N = 201), aged 17 to 24 years, reported their use of SNSs and addictive tendencies for SNSs use, and completed the NEO Five-Factor Personality Inventory 1 and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory.2 Multiple regression analyses revealed that, as a group, the personality and self-esteem factors significantly predicted both level of SNS use and addictive tendency but did not explain a large amount of variance in either outcome measure. The findings indicated that extraverted and unconscientious individuals reported higher levels of both SNS use and addictive tendencies. Future research should attempt to identify which other psychosocial characteristics explain young people’s level of use and propensity for addictive tendencies for these popular Internet sites.

An interpretative phenomenological analysis of participation in a pro-anorexia Internet site and its relationship to disordered eating

Pro-anorexia Internet sites aim to promote, support and discuss anorexia nervosa. Media coverage has raised concerns that sites may increase the level of eating disorders. This research examines the meaning of participation in a pro-anorexia Internet site and its relationship with disordered eating by using an interpretative phenomenological analysis of fifteen separate message ‘threads’ followed over a six-week period. Four themes were identified: (1) tips and techniques; (2) ‘ana’ v. anorexia nervosa; (3) social support; and (4) need for anorexia. Findings suggest participation was multi-purpose, providing a coping function in relation to weight loss, and the contribution of sites to increased levels of eating disorders is not inevitable.

Which Legal Standards Should Apply To Web-logs? The present legal position of Internet journals in the European iuris prudence in the light of the European Parliament Committee’s on Culture and Education report and Polish Supreme Court decision

The article discusses the present status of weblogs and examines whether legal standards applicable to traditional press and media should be applied to that specific forum. The analysis is based on two key documents: the Draft Report on the concentration and pluralism in the media in European Union (2007/2253(INI)) of the European Parliament Committee on Culture and Education presented in March 2008 and a landmark decision of the Polish Supreme Court from July 26, 2007 (IV KK 174/07) in the light of present judicial tendency in other European countries. The first of the mentioned documents calls for the “clarification of the legal status of different categories of weblog authors and publishers as well as disclosure of interests and voluntary labelling of weblogs”. It emphasizes that the “undetermined and unindicated status of authors and publishers of weblogs causes uncertainties regarding impartiality, reliability, source protection, applicability of ethical codes and the assignment of liability in the event of lawsuits”. The position of the European Parliament, expressed in the document, raises serious questions on the limits of freedom of thought and speech on the Internet and on the degree of acceptable state control. A recent Polish Supreme Court decision, which caused quite a stir in the Polish Internet community, seems to head in the very direction recommended by the EP Culture Committee. In a case of two editors of a web journal (“czasopismo internetowe”) called “Szyciepoprzemysku”, available on-line, accused of publishing a journal without the proper registration, the Polish Supreme Court stated that “journals and periodicals do not lose the character of a press release due solely to the fact that they appear in the form of an  Internet transmission”, and that ‘’the publishing of press in an electronic form, available on the Internet, requires  registration”. The decision was most surprising, as prior lower courts decisions declined the possibility to register Internet periodicals. The accused were acquitted in the name of the constitutional principle of the rule of law (art. 7 of the Polish Constitution) and the ensuing obligation to protect the trust of a citizen to the state (a conviction in this case would break the collateral estoppel rule), however the decision quickly awoke media frenzy and raised the fear of a need to register all websites that were regularly updated. The spokesman of the Polish Supreme Court later explained that the sentence of the Court was not intended to cause a mass registration of all Internet “periodicals” and that neither weblogs nor Internet sites, that were regularly updated, needed registration. Such an interpretation of the Polish press law did not appear clear based only on the original text of the judgment and the decision as such still raises serious practical questions. The article aims to examine the status of Internet logs as press and seeks the compromise between the concerns expressed by European authorities and the freedom of thought and speech exercised on the Internet.

A interatividade como medida de eficiência : um estudo sobre efeitos cognitivos resultantes da interação com web sites e suas implicações para o marketing da web

A pesquisa realizada avalia a relação entre o projeto de um Web Site1 comercial e o Flow, e a influência desse estado cognitivo sobre a comunicação de marketing do Site. É desenvolvida a partir de três perspectivas: perspectiva tecnológica do meio, mercadológica da organização e psicológica do usuário. O enfoque da pesquisa está voltado para a perspectiva humana, onde sugere que o Flow, um estado cognitivo decorrente de um processo de interação, traz reflexos positivos às comunicações de marketing de Web Sites comerciais. As três hipóteses levantadas para responder a questão de pesquisa são: H1: As características do design gráfico e arquitetura do Web Site influenciam no nível da experimentação do Flow. H2: O usuário que experimenta o Flow interage com mais profundidade com o ambiente mediado, visitando mais páginas e permanecendo mais tempo no Web Site e, por conseqüência, ficando mais exposto as comunicações emanadas pelo Site. H3: A experimentação do Flow aumenta a probabilidade do usuário avaliar positivamente o Site, aumenta a sua predisposição em retornar ao Site ou recomendá-lo a terceiros. A pesquisa empregou um método quase experimental, utilizando como instrumento um site experimental e para os testes e análises um grupo de teste e um grupo de controle. Os resultados obtidos concluem que, primeiro, as características do design e da 1 Os termos em língua inglesa apresentados ao longo deste trabalho encontram-se no glossário. VIII arquitetura do Web Site estimulam a experimentação do Flow. Segundo, o indivíduo que experimenta o fenômeno detém-se por mais tempo no Site. E terceiro, o usuário que experimenta o Flow tende a uma atitude positiva em relação ao Site.

A utilização de tecnologias de Internet na educação a distância : o caso de uma disciplina de graduação da Escola de Administração da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul

Esta pesquisa tem como tema explorar o uso da educação a distância, como uma importante solução de apoio no processo de aprendizagem. Solução esta cada vez mais solicitada por parte de organizações empresariais e universitárias. O foco da pesquisa é explorar o uso, vantagens e desvantagens das ferramentas de Internet (www, e-mail, chat e fórum) na educação a distância, utilizando para isso uma disciplina de graduação da Escola de Administração da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Também, descrever a utilização de um ambiente integrador de ferramentas para cursos via Internet, assim visto o site desenvolvido para este fim. Através de uma pesquisa qualitativa com um estudo de caso exploratório, foram coletadas informações com a utilização de questionários e observação dos diversos eventos, sobre a disciplina de Sistema de Informações Gerenciais, realizada a distância. Da análise destes dados coletados, bem como das observações feitas a partir do convívio e da colaboração com o projeto de EAD da Escola, foi possível descrever a utilização de alguns recursos de comunicação existentes na Internet para a prática da educação a distância. Estes recursos, disponibilizados no site da disciplina, tinham por objetivo proporcionar a necessária interação dos participantes, bem como o acesso ao material didático utilizado como conteúdo de estudo.

Atributos determinantes para compra de medicamentos via Internet

Este trabalho procurou identificar quais são os atributos determinantes para compra de medicamentos pela Internet. O site utilizado foi o da PanVel de Porto Alegre, a maior rede de farmácias do sul do Brasil. A pesquisa contou com quatro fases: 1) levantamento de atributos junto a heavy users, 2) determinação de atributos importantes; 3) identificação de atributos determinantes e 4) input empresarial. A amostra contou 140 pessoas que acessaram o site da PanVel e responderam o questionário. Quatro atributos foram identificados como sendo determinantes, a saber: 1) praticidade, 2) facilidade de procurar produtos, 3) rapidez para “carregar” a página e 4) facilidade de fazer o pedido. Os gerentes da empresa não demostraram surpresa ante os resultados. Acharam, no entanto, que atributo sigilo estaria entre os encontrados. Outros resultados deste trabalho incluem o elevado número de mulheres na amostra (62,9%), o alto nível de escolaridade (97,9% possui segundo grau completo) e o alto nível de renda (25% ganha mais de R$ 5.000 por mês).

Lutas sociais e ciberespaço: o uso da Internet pelo movimento passe livre nas manifestações de junho de 2013 em São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC

A comunicação da informação em sites noticiosos regionais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Online counselling for enhancing relationships

Most young people are students attending school where their peer relationships impact on their educational outcomes. At the end of the first decade of the twenty-first century, young people also depend on the communication technologies to assist them with their developing relationships. Increasingly this connectedness to the peer group is being carried out both in the physical and virtual worlds as evidenced by the rapid increase in the membership of social network internet sites. However, schools seem reluctant to implement educational processes that utilize the social networking sites that young people inhabit. In fact, schools seem to be only emphasizing the dangers of enhancing peer relationships do not seem to be acknowledged. Online school counselling could be one way for schools to promote the positive uses of technology to contribute to young people's education and to enhance their social relationships and connectedness.

Quantitative fit analysis of orthopedic bone plates : methods, criteria and approach

Studies on quantitative fit analysis of precontoured fracture fixation plates emerged within the last few years and therefore, there is a wide research gap in this area. Quantitative fit assessment facilitates the measure of the gap between a fracture fixation plate and the underlying bone, and specifies the required plate fit criteria. For clinically meaningful fit assessment outcome, it is necessary to establish the appropriate criteria and parameter. The present paper studies this subject and recommends using multiple fit criteria and the maximum distance between the plate and underlying bone as fit parameter for clinically relevant outcome. We also propose the development of a software tool for automatic plate positioning and fit assessment for the purpose of implant design validation and optimization in an effort to provide better fitting implant that can assist proper fracture healing. The fundamental specifications of the software are discussed.

Review of Diagnostic Screening Instruments for Alcohol and Other Drug Use and Other Psychiatric Disorders

In recent years there has been a growing recognition that many people with drug or alcohol problems are also experiencing a range of other psychiatric and psychological problems. The presence of concurrent psychiatric or psychological problems is likely to impact on the success of treatment services. These problems vary greatly, from undetected major psychiatric illnesses that meet internationally accepted diagnostic criteria such as those outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) of the American Psychiatric Association (1994), to less defined feelings of low mood and anxiety that do not meet diagnostic criteria but nevertheless impact on an individual’s sense of wellbeing and affect their quality of life. Similarly, the presence of a substance misuse problem among those suffering from a major psychiatric illness, often goes undetected. For example, the use of illicit drugs such as cannabis and amphetamine is higher among those individuals suffering from schizophrenia (Hall, 1992) and the misuse of alcohol in people suffering from schizophrenia is well documented (e.g., Gorelick et al., 1990; Searles et al., 1990; Soyka et al., 1993). High rates of alcohol misuse have also been reported in a number of groups including women presenting for treatment with a primary eating disorder (Holderness, Brooks Gunn, & Warren, 1994), individuals suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (Seidel, Gusman and Aubueg, 1994), and those suffering from anxiety and depression. Despite considerable evidence of high levels of co-morbidity, drug and alcohol treatment agencies and mainstream psychiatric services often fail to identify and respond to concurrent psychiatric or drug and alcohol problems, respectively. The original review was conducted as a first step in providing clinicians with information on screening and diagnostic instruments that may be used to assess previously unidentified co-morbidity. The current revision was conducted to extend the original review by updating psychometric findings on measures in the original review, and incorporating other frequently used measures that were not previously included. The current revision has included information regarding special populations, specifically Indigenous Australians, older persons and adolescents. The objectives were to: ● update the original review of AOD and psychiatric screening/diagnostic instruments, ● recommend when these instruments should be used, by whom and how they should be interpreted, ● identify limitations and provide recommendations for further research, ● refer the reader to pertinent Internet sites for further information and/or purchasing of assessment instruments.

“Empire is a state of mind” – Imagining Eurasia in Russia –

Työssäni tarkastelen venäläistä neo-euraasianistista liikettä ja tapoja joilla liikkeen aktivistit rakentavat Euraasiasta yhtenäistä kokonaisuutta ja imperiumia. Keskeisiä tutkimuskysymyksiäni ovat: Mikä imperiumi on ja mitkä ovat sen keskeisiä motivaatioita ja teemoja? Kuinka imperiumin idea rakentuu tai käsitetään ja tämän voi tulkita? Minkälaisia seurauksia voi tulkita heidän tavallaan Euraasia nähdä olevan? Materiaalina käytän haastatteluja, jotka on kerätty Moskovassa keväällä 2008, ja liikkeen kirjallisia tuotoksia (lehdet ja Internet -sivut). Neo-euraasianistisella liikkeellä tarkoitan tässä työssä Kansainvälistä Euraasianistista liikettä (Meždunarodnoe Evrazijskoe Dviženie) ja sen alahaaraa Euraasianistista Nuorisoliittoa (Evrazijskij Sojuz Molodëži). Liike perustettiin virallisesti 2003, mutta rakentaa vahvasti historiallista yhteyttä 1930 -luvun klassiseen eurasianismiin. Tämän lisäksi sen diskurssissa on paljon neuvostoliittolaisia, fasistisia, uuskonservatiivisia ja nationalistisia piirteitä. Liikkeen johtohahmo on filosofi-geopoliitikko Alexandr Dugin. Työn tausta-ajatuksena minua kiinnostaa etenkin nk. älymystön tai intelligenttien vaikutus nationalismiin tai sosiaalisia ryhmiä määrittelevien diskurssien kehitykseen ja muutokseen.Tarkastelen materiaalia diskurssianalyyttisesta näkökulmasta. Näen diskurssianalyysin sen tutkimisena, miten sosiaalista todellisuutta tuotetaan erilaisissa sosiaalisissa käytännöissä. Samalla näiden diskurssien tutkiminen, foucautlaisen perinteen myötä, tarkastelee kriittisesti niiden tuottamia (aktualisoituneita sekä potentiaalisia) valtasuhteita. Käytän työssäni myös Benedict Andersonin kuvitellun yhteisön (imagined communities) käsitettä, joka auttaa hahmottamaan tapaa, jolla tutkimuskohteeni rakentavat imperiumia yhteisönä. Aktivistien puheessa imperiumi (imperiâ) tulee esiin pääasiallisesti positiivisesti ja ”heidän omanaan,” kun taas termi imperialismi (imperializm) pääosin negatiivisena, liittyen etenkin keskeisenä vihollisena pidettyihin Yhdysvaltoihin. Esiin nousee monta toisiinsa liittyvää teemaa, jotka jaottelen viideksi pääteemaksi. Näistä tarkastelen lähemmin imperiumia ”kaikkien kansojen hyväntekijänä (poliittinen puoli)”, ulkoisen voiman lähteenä (historiallis-geopoliittinen puoli) sekä kollektiivisen subjektin luojana (imperialistis-nationalistinen puoli). Pyrin kontekstualisoimaan diskurssin ja tarkastelemaan tapoja, joilla se ammentaa motiiveja myös historiallis-kulttuurisista tavoista hahmottaa aluetta ja sen asukkaita. Käsittelen myös kansan, kansakunnan, etnoksen ja nationalismin käsitteitä ja sitä, miten ne nousevat neo-eurasianistisessa diskursissa esiin. Imperiaalisen nationalismin (imperskij nacionalizm) käsite auttaa ymmärtämään niitä tapoja, jolla liike tekee sekä pesäeroa nationalismiin että samalla hyödyntää monia nationalistisen diskurssin perusteemoja. Eräs liikkeen diskurssin keskeisistä eroista niin sanottuun nationalismin valtavirtaan on ”kansakunnan (naciâ)” käsitteen vahva negatiivinen konnotaatio. Sen vastakohtana esiin nostetaan vahvasti kansan (narod) käsite. Samalla kuitenkin etnisen venäläisen (russkij) käsitettä käytetään tavallista laajemmin ja kattavammin kuin tavallisesti, ja ennen kaikkea Venäjä nousee imperiumin keskeisimmäksi tekijäksi. Euraasialaiseen imperiumiin liitetyistä positiivistista mielikuvista käsittelen tarkemmin monikansallisuuden ja kansojen kodin ideaa, joka nousee mielestäni huomattavaksi retoriseksi taustaksi kaikessa materiaalissa. Tähän liittyy vahvasti myös saman teeman sivujuonne, eli imperiumin ”vapauttava” rooli. Tulkitsen, että liikkeen imperiumi -diskurssilla on instrumentaalinen luonne: se legitimoi aktivistien vaatimuksia varsinkin entisen Neuvostoliiton alueen suhteen. ”Euraasialaisen kansan” ajatus toimii mahdollisena Euraasiaa yhteisenä tekijänä ”Neuvostokansan” tilalla. Sen taustalla materiaalistani päätellen siintävät kuitenkin enemmänkin Venäjä ja venäläis -spesifit vaateet kuin koko Euraasia. Pohdin myös kansakunnan (nation) hyljeksimisen syitä ja käsitteen sopivuutta Venäjälle, kuten myös venäläisyyden käsitteiden kerrostuneisuutta. Kokonaisuudessaan imperiumi tuli esiin abstraktina, utopistisena ja ”totaalisena” kokonaisuutena.

Managing Island Life:Social, Economic and Political Dimensions of Formality and Informality in Island Life

"Managing Island Life: Social, Economic and Political Dimensions of Formality and Informality in Island Life" is a significant and timely contribution to the study of islands and island life. Wide-ranging in terms of both geographical and theoretical sweep, contributions consider the conceptualisation of the island as well as social, economic and political dimensions of island life and living. Showcasing the current state of island research, contributors cover diverse areas of island life such as: informal economies in the West Indies; the effects of natural convservation policies in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland; the role of internet sites in British Isles heritage tourism, and the impact of multicultural policies in the Indian Ocean. This volume will appeal to undergraduate social scientists as well as professional anthropologists, sociologists and geographers, policy makers and islands and regional specialists.

Compositional Data Analysis with R

R from http://www.r-project.org/ is ‘GNU S’ – a language and environment for statistical computing and graphics. The environment in which many classical and modern statistical techniques have been implemented, but many are supplied as packages. There are 8 standard packages and many more are available through the cran family of Internet sites http://cran.r-project.org . We started to develop a library of functions in R to support the analysis of mixtures and our goal is a MixeR package for compositional data analysis that provides support for operations on compositions: perturbation and power multiplication, subcomposition with or without residuals, centering of the data, computing Aitchison’s, Euclidean, Bhattacharyya distances, compositional Kullback-Leibler divergence etc. graphical presentation of compositions in ternary diagrams and tetrahedrons with additional features: barycenter, geometric mean of the data set, the percentiles lines, marking and coloring of subsets of the data set, theirs geometric means, notation of individual data in the set . . . dealing with zeros and missing values in compositional data sets with R procedures for simple and multiplicative replacement strategy, the time series analysis of compositional data. We’ll present the current status of MixeR development and illustrate its use on selected data sets