An indexing model for sustainable urban environmental management : the case of Gold Coast, Australia

Improving urban ecosystems and the quality of life of citizens have become a central issue in the global effort of creating sustainable built environments. As human beings our lives completely depend on the sustainability of the nature and we need to protect and manage natural resources in a more sustainable way in order to sustain our existence. As a result of population growth and rapid urbanisation, increasing demand of productivity depletes and degrades natural resources. However, the increasing activities and rapid development require more resources, and therefore, ecological planning becomes an essential vehicle in preserving scarce natural resources. This paper aims to indentify the interation between urban ecosystems and human activities in the context of urban sustainability and explores the degrading environmental impacts of this interaction and the necessity and benefits of using sustainability indicators as a tool in sustainable urban evnironmental management. Additionally, the paper also introduces an environmental sustainability indexing model (ASSURE) as an innovative approach to evaluate the environmental conditions of built environment.

A child led participatory approach for technology-based intervention

There is significant interest in Human-computer interaction methods that assist in the design of applications for use by children. Many of these approaches draw upon standard HCI methods,such as personas, scenarios, and probes. However, often these techniques require communication and kinds of thinking skills that are designer centred,which prevents children with Autism Spectrum Disorders or other learning and communication disabilities from being able to participate. This study investigates methods that might be used with children with ASD or other learning and communication disabilities to inspire the design of technology based intervention approaches to support their speech and language development. Similar to Iversen and Brodersen, we argue that children with ASD should not be treated as being in some way “cognitively incomplete”. Rather they are experts in their everyday lives and we cannot design future IT without involving them. However, how do we involve them Instead of beginning with HCI methods, we draw upon easy to use technologies and methods used in the therapy professions for child engagement, particularly utilizing the approaches of Hanen (2011) and Greenspan (1998). These approaches emphasize following the child’s lead and ensuring that the child always has a legitimate turn at a detailed level of interaction. In a pilot project, we have studied a child’s interactions with their parents about activities over which they have control – photos that they have taken at school on an iPad. The iPad was simple enough for this child with ASD to use and they enjoyed taking and reviewing photos. We use this small case study as an example of a child-led approach for a child with ASD. We examine interactions from this study in order to assess the possibilities and limitations of the child-led approach for supporting the design of technology based interventions to support speech and language development.

The individual and interactive relationship between long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and physical activity as predictors of cognition in cognitively impaired and non-impaired older adults

Alterations in cognitive function are characteristic of the aging process in humans and other animals. However, the nature of these age related changes in cognition is complex and is likely to be influenced by interactions between genetic predispositions and environmental factors resulting in dynamic fluctuations within and between individuals. These inter and intra-individual fluctuations are evident in both so-called normal cognitive aging and at the onset of cognitive pathology. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), thought to be a prodromal phase of dementia, represents perhaps the final opportunity to mitigate cognitive declines that may lead to terminal conditions such as dementia. The prognosis for people with MCI is mixed with the evidence suggesting that many will remain stable within 10-years of diagnosis, many will improve, and many will transition to dementia. If the characteristics of people who do not progress to dementia from MCI can be identified and replicated in others it may be possible to reduce or delay dementia onset, thus reducing a growing personal and public health burden. Furthermore, if MCI onset can be prevented or delayed, the burden of cognitive decline in aging populations worldwide may be reduced. A cognitive domain that is sensitive to the effects of advancing age, and declines in which have been shown to presage the onset of dementia in MCI patients, is executive function. Moreover, environmental factors such as diet and physical activity have been shown to affect performance on tests of executive function. For example, improvements in executive function have been demonstrated as a result of increased aerobic and anaerobic physical activity and, although the evidence is not as strong, findings from dietary interventions suggest certain nutrients may preserve or improve executive functions in old age. These encouraging findings have been demonstrated in older adults with MCI and their non-impaired peers. However, there are some gaps in the literature that need to be addressed. For example, little is known about the effect on cognition of an interaction between diet and physical activity. Both are important contributors to health and wellbeing, and a growing body of evidence attests to their importance in mental and cognitive health in aging individuals. Yet physical activity and diet are rarely considered together in the context of cognitive function. There is also little known about potential underlying biological mechanisms that might explain the physical activity/diet/cognition relationship. The first aim of this program of research was to examine the individual and interactive role of physical activity and diet, specifically long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption(LCn3) as predictors of MCI status. The second aim is to examine executive function in MCI in the context of the individual and interactive effects of physical activity and LCn3.. A third aim was to explore the role of immune and endocrine system biomarkers as possible mediators in the relationship between LCn3, physical activity and cognition. Study 1a was a cross-sectional analysis of MCI status as a function of erythrocyte proportions of an interaction between physical activity and LCn3. The marine based LCn3s eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have both received support in the literature as having cognitive benefits, although comparisons of the relative benefits of EPA or DHA, particularly in relation to the aetiology of MCI, are rare. Furthermore, a limited amount of research has examined the cognitive benefits of physical activity in terms of MCI onset. No studies have examined the potential interactive benefits of physical activity and either EPA or DHA. Eighty-four male and female adults aged 65 to 87 years, 50 with MCI and 34 without, participated in Study 1a. A logistic binary regression was conducted with MCI status as a dependent variable, and the individual and interactive relationships between physical activity and either EPA or DHA as predictors. Physical activity was measured using a questionnaire and specific physical activity categories were weighted according to the metabolic equivalents (METs) of each activity to create a physical activity intensity index (PAI). A significant relationship was identified between MCI outcome and the interaction between the PAI and EPA; participants with a higher PAI and higher erythrocyte proportions of EPA were more likely to be classified as non-MCI than their less active peers with less EPA. Study 1b was a randomised control trial using the participants from Study 1a who were identified with MCI. Given the importance of executive function as a determinant of progression to more severe forms of cognitive impairment and dementia, Study 1b aimed to examine the individual and interactive effect of physical activity and supplementation with either EPA or DHA on executive function in a sample of older adults with MCI. Fifty male and female participants were randomly allocated to supplementation groups to receive 6-months of supplementation with EPA, or DHA, or linoleic acid (LA), a long chain polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid not known for its cognitive enhancing properties. Physical activity was measured using the PAI from Study 1a at baseline and follow-up. Executive function was measured using five tests thought to measure different executive function domains. Erythrocyte proportions of EPA and DHA were higher at follow-up; however, PAI was not significantly different. There was also a significant improvement in three of the five executive function tests at follow-up. However, regression analyses revealed that none of the variance in executive function at follow-up was predicted by EPA, DHA, PAI, the EPA by PAI interaction, or the DHA by PAI interaction. The absence of an effect may be due to a small sample resulting in limited power to find an effect, the lack of change in physical activity over time in terms of volume and/or intensity, or a combination of both reduced power and no change in physical activity. Study 2a was a cross-sectional study using cognitively unimpaired older adults to examine the individual and interactive effects of LCn3 and PAI on executive function. Several possible explanations for the absence of an effect were identified. From this consideration of alternative explanations it was hypothesised that post-onset interventions with LCn3 either alone or in interation with self-reported physical activity may not be beneficial in MCI. Thus executive function responses to the individual and interactive effects of physical activity and LCn3 were examined in a sample of older male and female adults without cognitive impairment (n = 50). A further aim of study 2a was to operationalise executive function using principal components analysis (PCA) of several executive function tests. This approach was used firstly as a data reduction technique to overcome the task impurity problem, and secondly to examine the executive function structure of the sample for evidence of de-differentiation. Two executive function components were identified as a result of the PCA (EF 1 and EF 2). However, EPA, DHA, the PAI, or the EPA by PAI or DHA by PAI interactions did not account for any variance in the executive function components in subsequent hierarchical multiple regressions. Study 2b was an exploratory correlational study designed to explore the possibility that immune and endocrine system biomarkers may act as mediators of the relationship between LCn3, PAI, the interaction between LCn3 and PAI, and executive functions. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), an endocrine system growth hormone, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) an immune system cytokine involved in the acute inflammatory response, have both been shown to affect cognition including executive functions. Moreover, IGF-1 and IL-6 have been shown to be antithetical in so far as chronically increased IL-6 has been associated with reduced IGF-1 levels, a relationship that has been linked to age related morbidity. Further, physical activity and LCn3 have been shown to modulate levels of both IGF-1 and IL-6. Thus, it is possible that the cognitive enhancing effects of LCn3, physical activity or their interaction are mediated by changes in the balance between IL-6 and IGF-1. Partial and non-parametric correlations were conducted in a subsample of participants from Study 2a (n = 13) to explore these relationships. Correlations of interest did not reach significance; however, the coefficients were quite large for several relationships suggesting studies with larger samples may be warranted. In summary, the current program of research found some evidence supporting an interaction between EPA, not DHA, and higher energy expenditure via physical activity in differentiating between older adults with and without MCI. However, a RCT examining executive function in older adults with MCI found no support for increasing EPA or DHA while maintaining current levels of energy expenditure. Furthermore, a cross-sectional study examining executive function in older adults without MCI found no support for better executive function performance as a function of increased EPA or DHA consumption, greater energy expenditure via physical activity or an interaction between physical activity and either EPA or DHA. Finally, an examination of endocrine and immune system biomarkers revealed promising relationships in terms of executive function in non-MCI older adults particularly with respect to LCn3 and physical activity. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a potential benefit of increasing physical activity and LCn3 consumption, particularly EPA, in mitigating the risk of developing MCI. In contrast, no support was found for a benefit to executive function as a result of increased physical activity, LCn3 consumption or an interaction between physical activity and LCn3, in participants with and without MCI. These results are discussed with reference to previous findings in the literature including possible limitations and opportunities for future research.

基于运动耦合结构的并联机器人的运动学正逆解

根据运动学等效的原则，在并联机器人中引入等效串联机器人及分支等效串联机器人，以等效广义坐标为中间变量建立并联机器人运动学正道解求解算法。该算法能有效处理结构带来的运动耦合，并且规划的软件具有自动生成迭代初始点、避免多解性以及便于实际应用等特点，从而为并联机器人的结构设计与创新提供了理论支持。

Dynamic fluid-structure interaction using finite volume unstructured mesh procedures

A three dimensional finite volume, unstructured mesh method for dynamic fluid-structure interation is described. The broad approach is conventional in that the fluid and structure are solved sequentially. The pressure and viscous stresses from the flow algorithm provide load conditions for the solid algorithm, whilst at the fluid structure interface the deformed structure provides boundary condition from the structure to the fluid. The structure algorithm also provides the necessary mesh adaptation for the flow field, the effect of which is accounted for in the flow algorithm. The procedures described in this work have several novel features, namely: * a single mesh covering the entire domain. * a Navier Stokes flow. * a single FV-UM discretisation approach for both the flow and solid mechanics procedures. * an implicit predictor-corrector version of the Newmark algorithm. * a single code embedding the whole strategy. The procedure is illustrated for a three dimensional loaded cantilever in fluid flow.

Artefactos tangíveis e adaptáveis no ambiente doméstico

Recentemente assistimos a uma evolução da relação do Homem com a tecnologia, em larga medida acompanhada por novos modelos de interacção que modificam a forma de conceber os artefactos e constroem novos contextos de uso. Procuramos investigar, na presente tese, uma das abordagens emergentes, o universo dos media tangíveis, articulando a perspectiva do design da tecnologia orientada para a Human-Computer Interation (HCI), com a dimensão social, cultural e estética no uso da tecnologia. Os media tangíveis, ao contrário do que sucede com os conteúdos digitais convencionais, têm espessura e expressão física e, porque são dotados de um corpo que habita o espaço das disposições físicas, estão sujeitos à acção do mundo cultural e das práticas sociais que regem os demais objectos físicos que podemos encontrar no nosso quotidiano. Esta nova relação com a tecnologia digital obrigará as disciplinas que se encontram mais próximas do desenvolvimento tecnológico, tais como o Design de Interacção e a HCI, a abrirem-se aos contributos e abordagens das ciências humanas. Admitindo que a natureza subjacente ao processo da adaptabilidade no ambiente doméstico altera o equilíbrio da relação entre o design e o uso da tecnologia, julgamos ser essencial o desenvolvimento de uma fenomenologia da interação. Por outro lado, a adaptabilidade dos media tangíveis apresenta um conjunto de dificuldades, não apenas de ordem técnica, mas também de natureza conceptual, que têm dificultado o desenvolvimento e a implementação no terreno de tecnologias personalizáveis. Um dos objectivos da presente tese consiste em investigar um quadro conceptual capaz de enquadrar o fenómeno da adaptabilidade dos media tangíveis, e desenvolver uma tecnologia que possa servir de objecto a um estudo empírico com base numa abordagem etnográfica.

A mechanism for co-transcriptional recruitment of mRNA localization factor on nascent mRNAs in budding yeast

Le transport et la localisation des ARN messagers permettent de réguler l’expression spatiale et temporelle de facteurs spécifiques impliqués dans la détermination du destin cellulaire, la plasticité synaptique, la polarité cellulaire et la division asymétrique des cellules. Chez S.cerevisiæ, plus de trente transcrits sont transportés activement vers le bourgeon cellulaire. Parmi ces transcrits, l’ARNm ASH1 (asymetric synthesis of HO) est localisé à l’extrémité du bourgeon pendant l’anaphase. Ce processus va entrainer une localisation asymétrique de la protéine Ash1p, qui sera importée uniquement dans le noyau de la cellule fille, où elle entraine le changement de type sexuel. La localisation asymétrique de l’ARNm ASH1, et donc de Ash1p, implique la présence de différents facteurs de localisation. Parmi ces facteurs, les protéines She (She1p/Myo4p, She2p et She3p) et les répresseurs traductionnels (Puf6p, Loc1p et Khd1p) participent à ce mécanisme. La protéine navette She2p est capable de lier l’ARNm ASH1 et va entrainer le ciblage de cet ARNm vers l’extrémité du bourgeon en recrutant le complexe She3p-Myo4p. Des répresseurs traductionnels régulent la traduction de cet ARNm et évitent l’expression ectopique de la protéine Ash1p pendant son transport. Alors que la fonction cytoplasmique de She2p sur la localisation des ARNm est connue, sa fonction nucléaire est encore inconnue. Nous avons montré que She2p contient une séquence de localisation nucléaire non classique qui est essentielle à son import nucléaire médié par l’importine α (Srp1p). L’exclusion de She2p du noyau par mutation de son NLS empêche la liaison de Loc1p et Puf6p sur l’ARNm ASH1, entrainant un défaut de localisation de l’ARNm et de la protéine. Pour étudier plus en détail l’assemblage de la machinerie de localisation des ARNm dans le noyau, nous avons utilisé des techniques d’immunoprécipitation de chromatine afin de suivre le recrutement des facteurs de localisation et des répresseurs traductionnels sur les ARNm naissants. Nous avons montré que She2p est recruté sur le gène ASH1 pendant sa transcription, via son interaction avec l’ARNm ASH1 naissant. Puf6p est également recruté sur ASH1, mais d’une manière dépendante de la présence de She2p. De façon intéressante, nous avons détecté une interaction entre She2p et la plus grande sous-unité de l’ARN polymérase II (Rpb1p). Cette interaction est détectée avec la forme active en élongation de l’ARN polymérase II. Nous avons également démontré que She2p interagit avec le complexe d’élongation de la transcription Spt4p/Spt5p. Une délétion de SPT4 ou une mutation dans SPT5 (Ts spt5) à température restrictive empêche l’interaction entre She2p et Rpb1p, et diminue le recrutement de She2p au gène ASH1, entrainant un défaut de localisation de l’ARNm et un défaut de localisation asymétrique de la protéine Ash1p. De manière globale, nos résultats montrent que les facteurs impliqués dans la localisation cytoplasmique des ARNm et dans leur contrôle traductionnel sont recrutés de façon co-transcriptionnelle sur les ARNm naissants via leur interaction avec la machinerie de transcription, suggèrant un rôle important de la machinerie transcriptionelle dans la localisation des ARNm.

In planta proteomics and proteogenomics of the biotrophic barley fungal pathogen blumeria f.sp. hordei

Whilst there is increasing evidence tht the outcome of the interation between a pathogen and a host is dependent on protein-protein interactions, very little information is available on in planta proteomics of biotrophic plant pathogens. Here a proteogenomic approach has been employed to supplement the annotation of the recently sequenced genome and to cast light on the biology of the infection process of the economically important barley powdery mildew pathogen, Blumeria graminis f.sp hordei

A crise financeira e a política econômica : poderia ter sido diferente?

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar se a capacidade de resposta de política econômica foi fator relevante para minimizar a severidade da crise financeira de 2008, no primeiro ano do episódio. A hipótese da pesquisa é que países com um maior espaço para políticas expansionistas – maiores taxas de juros maiores e melhores resultados do governo central – tenham registrado uma crise menos severa, tudo mais constante. Os resultados econométricos corroboram com a hipótese em relação à política monetária. No que diz respeito à política fiscal, o sinal dos parâmetros encontrado é oposto ao esperado, sinalizando que, possivelmente, mesmo países com bons resultados fiscais possam ter limitações a estímulos keynesianos em função da tolerância ao seu nível de endividamento. Entretanto, a interação entre o resultado do governo central e o endividamento está em linha com a hipótese da pesquisa, uma vez que uma melhor gestão tanto do fluxo fiscal, quanto do estoque da dívida no ano anterior ao evento mostrou-se relevante. A adição da variável de investment grade às especificações ressaltou uma crise mais severa nas economias desenvolvidas.

Preconceito e estereótipos relativos a cor, sexo e status

Esta pesquisa investiga os estereótipos positivos e/ou negativos, quando considerados como variáveis de cor, sexo status. O instrumento utilizado consistiu de oito desenhos estímulos, sendo quatro homens e quatro mulheres: homem branco de status alto (HBR), homem negro de status alto (HNR), homem branco de status baixo (HBP), homem negro de status baixo (HNP), mulher branca de status alto (MBR), mulher negra de status alto (MNR), mulher branca de status baixo (MBP) e mulher negra de status baixo (MNP), distribuídos equitativamente pela amostra, em um questionário com nove itens objetivos para pedir sobre o desenho estímulo, a distância social, a escolaridade, a posição hierárquica no trabalho, a ocupação desempenhada pelo estímulo e por seus pais para averiguar a mobilidade social, a classe sócio econômica e um item em aberto para apreender como a amostra percebe os estímulos. A amostra foi composta de 930 sujeitos: 482 de cor epidérmica e atributos físicos (boca, cabelos e sujeitos nariz) brancos e 448 sujeitos negros de cor epidérmica e atributos físicos negros, ou cor epidérmica branca e atributos físicos negros, ou cor epidérmica negra e atributos físicos brancos, atribuídos pelo experimentador. Estes mesmos sujeitos se auto classificaram como sendo 602 sujeitos "brancos" e 328 sujeitos negros. A hipótese básica testada foi: "Há estereótipos positivos e negativos relativos à cor, sexo e status." O único item que rejeitou a hip6tese nula básica, foi aquele sobre a ocupação desempenhada pelas figuras-estímulos onde as amostras brancas, atribuída pelo experimentador e autoclasificada, e negra autoclassificada corno branca, rejeitaram-na quanto às variáveis de sexo e status, sugerindo que os estereótipos aparecem de acordo com as ocupações atribuídas, quanto ao sexo e status das figuras-estímulos. As amostras negras, atribuída pelo experimentador e autoclassificada, rejeitaram-nas três variáveis, mostrando a influência da cor, sexo e status, separadamente, sobre o estereótipo medido através da ocupação atribuída aos estímulos, além da interação cor X status, sugerindo também a presença do estereótipo ocupacional, quando a cor se associa ao status dos desenhos. A amostra negra, atribuída pelo experimentador, rejeita-a, ainda, na interação cor X sexo X status parecendo existir discriminação quanto as ocupações dadas aos estímulas, quando estas três variáveis se associam. As amostras brancas, atribuída pelo experimentador e autoclassificada, apresentaram respostas ambíguas na maioria dos itens. As amostras negras, atribuída pelo experimentador e autoclassificada, não mostraram diferenças significativas entre as respostas, em parte dos itens. O critério ABIPEME expressou que ambas as amostras branca e negra, atribuídas pelo experimentador, apresentaram alta escolaridade e bom nível sócio-econômico. O número de mulheres era superior ao número de homens, embora homens e mulheres se equivalessem em ambas as amostras, o que sugere que mulheres brancas e negras e homens negros se com portaram de acordo com os valores culturais e dominantes, demonstrando auto-desvalorização e baixa auto-estima.

Avaliação do potencial antioxidante e antiflamatório de galactomanana do fungo Tyllopiillus ballllouiii.

Polymers of mushroom cellular wall are recognized for presenting a lot of biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tumoral action. Polysaccharides from mushrooms of different molecular mass obtained mushrooms can activate leucocytes, stimulate fagocitic, citotoxic and antimicrobial activity including oxygen reactive species production. In this study were investigated chemical characteristics, in vitro antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory action in an acute inflammation model of the polysaccharides extracted from Tylopilus ballouii. Results showed that were mainly extracted polysaccharides and that it primarily consisted of mannose and galactose with variable amounts of xylose and fucose. Infrared analysis showed a possible interation between this polysaccharides and proteins. In addition, molecular mass was about 140KDa. Antioxidant activity was tested by superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, total antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation assay. For superoxide and hydroxyl radical generation inhibition, polysaccharides have an IC50 of 2.36 and 0.36 mg/mL, respectively. Lipid peroxidation assay results showed that polysaccharides from Tylopilus ballouii present an IC50 of 3.42 mg/mL. Futhermore, anti-inflammatory assay showed that polysaccharides cause an paw edema decreasing in 32.8, 42 and 56% in 30, 50 and 70 mg/Kg dose, respectively. Thus, these results can indicate a possible use for these polysaccharides from Tylopilus ballouii as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant.

Estimativa de safra para a cultura do milho através do filme infravermelho colorido

O sistema tradicional para estimativas de safra utiliza-se de relatórios técnicos de fontes diversas. A coleta de informações, se inicia antes da época do plantio e as estimativas são vendo ajustadas de acordo com o desenvolvimento das culturas. O trabalho em questão, pretende mostrar as possibilidades do filme infravermelho colorido na estimativa de safra para a cultura do milho. As informações quantitativas foram obtidas através da densitometria de transmissão. Os trabalhos foram conduzidos na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - Campus de Botucatu - UNESP. Os seis tratamentos consistiram em doses diferenciais de adubo, prevendo prováveis quedas em produção. A cultura foi fotografada com filme colorido (Kodak Ektachrome 64 ASA) e infravermelho colorido (Kodak Ektachrome Infrared Film) e a densidade ótica medida em um microdensitômetro de transmissão marca Weston, modelo 877 e abertura de 0,8 mm. Para avaliar a interação entre Produção e Densidade Ótica, utilizou-se das análises de correlação e regressão linear. A análise dos resultados permitiram as seguintes conclusões principais: a) Desde que se faça as necessárias calibrações, o filme infravermelho pode ser utilizado na estimativa de safra para a cultura do milho; b) A utilização do densitômetro de transmissão, para a interpretação quantitativa dos resultados, revelou-se importante sugerindo a aplicação do método em outros tipos de culturas.

Cinge a musa o oráculo da tradição: revelações perenes da narrativa em contos de Perrault

Le présent ouvrage comprend des versions comparatives de neuf contes de Perrault, parmi les plus célèbres, publiés dans des éditions intégrales, au Brésil, entre 1934 et 2005. L analyse comparative donne la priorité à l identification des éléments relatifs à l oralité, comme ceux qui appartiennent, selon Ong (1998) et Havelock (1996), à des contextes de cultures antérieures à l épanouissement de l écriture et qui donc élaboraient ses propres structures de pensée et d expression pour interagir dans la vie pratique comme dans la création, dans la transmission et la manutention des coutumes et traditions. Issus des premiers récits, les contes de Perrault, traduits ou adaptés au Brésil, gardent en eux l esprit du langage narratif auquel l auteur français a consagré une attention spéciale, pour transposer dans l écrit quelques récits de la grande expérience humaine née dans le milieu populaire et qui désormais intègrent l espace de l écriture à chaque nouvelle version produite. Les bagages formulaires, comme les épithètes, les interventions du narrateur et la propre relation des signifations de l intrigue avec les structures de l imaginaire toujours présentes dans l humanité, démontrent le rapprochement entre l oralité et écriture. En suivant les discussions théoriques de Zumthor (1993, 1997, 2000) et par l interation du lecteur avec le texte, on constate que ces éléments relatifs à l oralité rendent possibl existence d une performance dans l écrit a partir des impressions cinesthésiques qui chaque lecture provoque chez le lecteur et récepteur d un texte narratif qui revendique, automatiquement, la construction d une ouvrage seulement possible à chaque instant de l interation, par le processus esthétique de la réception. Même au niveau d écrit, ou l intensité de sa présence est diminuée en raison de l absence d un corps physique qui transmet, qui développe, qui opere littéralement le texte par la voix et qui réunit l écoute et la vision de l auditeur, la performance produite s interpose entre le corps du lecteur qui agit sur le texte et en même temps reçoit les sensations lui permettant l expérience esthétique. Ainsi, dans l expérience de la lecture de Contes de Perrault est possible percevoir les éléments qui renvoient à la forme du conte de tradition populaire. Même déjà influencée par l écrit, le lecteur peut identifier, dans cette oeuvre, les possibilités determinantes de la dynamique perpétuel dans la transmission de ses textes: le plaisir de la pratique de l écoute des histoires contées oralement et le plaisir de la pratique de lectures silencieuses et solitaires. Dans ce chemin le lecteur devoit chercher les sens perdus, ici, rencontrés avec l aide des discours littéraires, linguistique, folklorique, anthropologique et psycanalytique sur la surface du texte narratif merveilleux. Outre cela, ces discours collaborent avec le lecteur qui retrouvent les voix emprisonnées par l écrit dans la virtualité et dans émergence d une performance

Estudo de potenciais inibidores de inibidores de infecção causada por Vírus Sincicial Respiratório em cultura de célula

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)