De l'instinct et de l'intelligence des animaux : résumé des observations de Frédéric Cuvier sur ce sujet /

Mode of access: Internet.

De l'instinct et de l'intelligence des animaux /

Mode of access: Internet.

[Degradación comprobada de las funciones intelectuales e instintivas en toda la serie zoológica] : discurso leído en la Universidad Central por ... en el acto solemne de recibir la investidura de Doctor en ciencias naturales /

Mode of access: Internet.

Las respuestas de movimiento en el test de Rorschach y la inteligencia medida.

Relacionar la inteligencia medida, el factor movimiento en las respuestas al test Rorschach, determinadas medidas de personalidad y una variable de tipo cognitivo: vivacidad imaginativa autoreportada. En función de la naturaleza de estas variables, nuestro estudio puede ser enmarcado dentro de la línea de investigación seguida por Catell y otros autores sobre la incidencia de factores de personalidad en la medición de la inteligencia. 47 universitarios canarios de ambos sexos y con una edad media de 18 a 20 años. Estudio correlacional. Variables estudiadas: 'Movimiento en el Rorschach' con distintas subvariables; 'Inteligencia medida', tal y como la obtenemos a través de las puntuaciones en la escala Wechler para adultos; 'Escala de personalidad', cuestionario CEP; 'Vivacidad imaginativa autoreportada' tal y como la obtenemos a través de las puntuaciones en el cuestionario VVIQ. El eje 'inteligencia medida-movimiento en el Rorschach' nos informa de lo siguiente: 1. Las cinestesias humanas presentan una relación pequeña, aunque efectiva, con la inteligencia medida verbal, en general, y más concretamente, con las areas representadas por los subtest de información y vocabulario; 2. El movimiento humano se relaciona moderadamente con el subtest de historietas; 3. El predominio en una determinada submuestra, cualquiera que sea, de sujetos con mayores cifras de movimiento humano que de movimiento animal, o de sujetos que cumplan con la condición inversa va acompañado de cambios en la matriz de correlaciones de la inteligencia medida; 4. En los grupos de CI más altos, las medias y las frecuencias de movimiento humano, son superiores a las del movimiento animal, y bastante mayores que las cifras de movimiento humano que ofrece el grupo de CI más bajo. Por el contrario, con un CI más pobre, las medias y frecuencias del movimiento animal superan a las del movimiento humano; 5. Las subvariables de movimiento son bastante independientes entre sí; la interrelación más relevante está constituída por el movimiento humano y el subtest de historietas. A este factor que relaciona ambas subvariables lo denominamos 'componentes de inteligencia social'. En lo que respecta al eje formado por las variables 'inteligencia medida-movimiento en el Rorschach-escalas de personalidad' tenemos que los resultados obtenidos apoyan la existencia de una gran estabilidad en la mayoría de las relaciones interescalares del CEP. El subtest de historietas y la escala de extraversión estan relacionadas moderadamente. No se ha encontrado un proceso que conecte de forma general, regular y sistemática a las mencionadas variables. Por el contrario, los resultados encontrados aportan evidencia empírica que implica conexiones entre las variables que forman algunos de nuestros ejes de estudio.

Niño, inteligencia, devenir

En este artículo nos proponemos mostrar cómo actúan en conjunto el plano de organización y el plano de consistencia que conforman el mapa del pensamiento en la escuela, según el cual, se puede afirmar que el pensamiento se escapa a la inhibición, la interpretación y la sujeción que provoca su traducción en términos de inteligencia, cuando, como resultado de la experimentación, se gesta un encuentro indeterminado con fuerzas que pueden conducir al devenir-niño del niño en la escuela. En este sentido, en un primer momento nos ocuparemos de señalar las líneas segmentarias que conforman las funciones, los criterios de interpretación y los puntos de subjetivación que inhiben el pensamiento como acontecimiento, esbozando el suelo sobre el cual se han consolidado prácticas y discursos acerca de la formación del pensamiento en la escuela. En la segunda parte, y sobre la base de los estratos, se aborda el entramado de líneas molares que conforman el modelo de la inteligencia en la escuela y las líneas moleculares del pensamiento que provocan, cuando su dirección es la fuga, el devenir niño del niño a partir de la experimentación, la conexión y el encuentro. Por último se presentan algunas conclusiones y se dejan abiertas algunas cuestiones para trabajos posteriores.

Biological performance of a polycaprolactone-based scaffold used as fusion cage device in a large animal model of spinal reconstructive surgery

A bioactive and bioresorbable scaffold fabricated from medical grade poly (epsilon-caprolactone) and incorporating 20% beta-tricalcium phosphate (mPCL–TCP) was recently developed for bone regeneration at load bearing sites. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate bone ingrowth into mPCL–TCP in a large animal model of lumbar interbody fusion. Six pigs underwent a 2-level (L3/4; L5/6) anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) implanted with mPCL–TCP þ 0.6 mg rhBMP-2 as treatment group while four other pigs implanted with autogenous bone graft served as control. Computed tomographic scanning and histology revealed complete defect bridging in all (100%) specimen from the treatment group as early as 3 months. Histological evidence of continuing bone remodeling and maturation was observed at 6 months. In the control group, only partial bridging was observed at 3 months and only 50% of segments in this group showed complete defect bridging at 6 months. Furthermore, 25% of segments in the control group showed evidence of graft fracture, resorption and pseudoarthrosis. In contrast, no evidence of graft fractures, pseudoarthrosis or foreign body reaction was observed in the treatment group. These results reveal that mPCL–TCP scaffolds could act as bone graft substitutes by providing a suitable environment for bone regeneration in a dynamic load bearing setting such as in a porcine model of interbody spine fusion.

The evaluation of a biphasic osteochondral implant coupled with an electrospun membrane in a large animal model

Conventional clinical therapies are unable to resolve osteochondral defects adequately, hence tissue engineering solutions are sought to address the challenge. A biphasic implant which was seeded with Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) and coupled with an electrospun membrane was evaluated as an alternative. This dual phase construct comprised of a Polycaprolactone (PCL) cartilage scaffold and a Polycaprolactone - Tri Calcium Phosphate (PCL - TCP) osseous matrix. Autologous MSC was seeded into the entire implant via fibrin and the construct was inserted into critically sized osteochondral defects located at the medial condyle and patellar groove of pigs. The defect was resurfaced with a PCL - collagen electrospun mesh that served as a substitute for periosteal flap in preventing cell leakage. Controls either without implanted MSC or resurfacing membrane were included. After 6 months, cartilaginous repair was observed with a low occurrence of fibrocartilage at the medial condyle. Osteochondral repair was promoted and host cartilage degeneration was arrested as shown by the superior Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) maintenance. This positive morphological outcome was supported by a higher relative Young's modulus which indicated functional cartilage restoration. Bone in growth and remodeling occurred in all groups with a higher degree of mineralization in the experimental group. Tissue repair was compromised in the absence of the implanted cells or the resurfacing membrane. Moreover healing was inferior at the patellar groove as compared to the medial condyle and this was attributed to the native biomechanical features.

Monitoring animal behaviour and environmental interactions : GPS collars and satellite remote sensing within a satellite remote sensing context

Remote monitoring of animal behaviour in the environment can assist in managing both the animal and its environmental impact. GPS collars which record animal locations with high temporal frequency allow researchers to monitor both animal behaviour and interactions with the environment. These ground-based sensors can be combined with remotely-sensed satellite images to understand animal-landscape interactions. The key to combining these technologies is communication methods such as wireless sensor networks (WSNs). We explore this concept using a case-study from an extensive cattle enterprise in northern Australia and demonstrate the potential for combining GPS collars and satellite images in a WSN to monitor behavioural preferences and social behaviour of cattle.

Monitoring animal behaviour and environmental interactions using wireless sensor networks, GPS collars and satellite remote sensing

Remote monitoring of animal behaviour in the environment can assist in managing both the animal and its environmental impact. GPS collars which record animal locations with high temporal frequency allow researchers to monitor both animal behaviour and interactions with the environment. These ground-based sensors can be combined with remotely-sensed satellite images to understand animal-landscape interactions. The key to combining these technologies is communication methods such as wireless sensor networks (WSNs). We explore this concept using a case-study from an extensive cattle enterprise in northern Australia and demonstrate the potential for combining GPS collars and satellite images in a WSN to monitor behavioural preferences and social behaviour of cattle.

The design and evaluation of a mobile sensor/actuator network for autonomous animal control

This paper investigates a mobile, wireless sensor/actuator network application for use in the cattle breeding industry. Our goal is to prevent fighting between bulls in on-farm breeding paddocks by autonomously applying appropriate stimuli when one bull approaches another bull. This is an important application because fighting between high-value animals such as bulls during breeding seasons causes significant financial loss to producers. Furthermore, there are significant challenges in this type of application because it requires dynamic animal state estimation, real-time actuation and efficient mobile wireless transmissions. We designed and implemented an animal state estimation algorithm based on a state-machine mechanism for each animal. Autonomous actuation is performed based on the estimated states of an animal relative to other animals. A simple, yet effective, wireless communication model has been proposed and implemented to achieve high delivery rates in mobile environments. We evaluated the performance of our design by both simulations and field experiments, which demonstrated the effectiveness of our autonomous animal control system.

Animal behaviour understanding using wireless sensor networks

This paper presents research that is being conducted by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) with the aim of investigating the use of wireless sensor networks for automated livestock monitoring and control. It is difficult to achieve practical and reliable cattle monitoring with current conventional technologies due to challenges such as large grazing areas of cattle, long time periods of data sampling, and constantly varying physical environments. Wireless sensor networks bring a new level of possibilities into this area with the potential for greatly increased spatial and temporal resolution of measurement data. CSIRO has created a wireless sensor platform for animal behaviour monitoring where we are able to observe and collect information of animals without significantly interfering with them. Based on such monitoring information, we can identify each animal's behaviour and activities successfully