Aperfeiçoamento da política pública penal no Brasil : a inserção da audiência de custódia no processo penal

Neste exercício são discutidas formas de empreender mudanças em políticas públicas, focando especialmente no estudo da política prisional brasileira. O que é central no debate proposto é a viabilidade da inserção de audiência a ser realizada imediatamente após a prisão de um indivíduo, a audiência de custódia, que possibilitará o encontro entre a pessoa presa e o juiz. O ator promotor da mudança, o Instituto de Defesa do Direito de Defesa – IDDD apregoa como resultado mecanismos de prevenção e combate à tortura e um efetivo controle judicial da detenção. Subsequente a esse argumento, o Instituto é enquadrado como figura influente no papel de grupo de pressão pela mudança na política pública prisional por meio da defesa da audiência de custódia.

De delicto fabricatorum turris Babelicae, Gen. XI: 3,4

Invocatio: I.N.J.C.

Aneurisma roto de artéria esplênica: flagrante tomográfico de sangramento

The splenic artery aneurysm is a rare entity and its rupture is the most feared complication. The tomographic computed scan is a potential tool in the diagnosis, and can be used to patients with a suspicion of intra-abdominal bleeding, after adequate resuscitation. A case of a 68-year old male, hypertense patient, with a ruptured splenic artery aneurysm is reported. The diagnosis and treatment were given successfully by the abdominal computed tomographic scan and conventional surgery. The tomographic computed scan can be useful to the diagnosis of ruptured splenic artery aneurism, after the hemodynamic stabilization.

Study of histone H3 lysine 56 deacetylation in saccharomyces cerevisiae

Chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae, l'acétylation de l'histone H3 sur la lysine 56 (H3K56ac) est présente sur les histones néo-synthétisées déposées derrière les fourches de réplication et est essentielle pour préserver la viabilité cellulaire en réponse au dommage à l'ADN. La désacétylation d'H3K56 sur l'ensemble du génome catalysée par Hst3 et Hst4 et a lieu en phase G2 ou M. H3K56ac est une lame à double tranchant. L'absence d'H3K56ac rend les cellules sensibles aux dommages à l'ADN. En revanche, un excès d'acétylation d'H3K56 dans un mutant hst3Δ hst4Δ a des conséquences encore plus sévères tels que la thermo-sensibilité, l'hypersensibilité aux agents génotoxiques, l'instabilité génomique ainsi qu'une courte durée de vie réplicative. Les désacétylases Hst3 et Hst4 sont étroitement régulées au cours du cycle cellulaire afin de permettre à l'H3K56ac d'exercer son rôle en réponse aux dommages à l'ADN tout en évitant les conséquences néfastes de l'hyperacétylation d'H3K56. Dans cette thèse, nous avons identifié la machinerie moléculaire responsable de la dégradation de Hst3. De plus, nous avons exploré les raisons pour lesquelles l'absence de désacétylation donne lieu aux phénotypes du mutant hst3Δ hst4Δ. Au chapitre 2, nous démontrons que la dégradation d'Hst3 peut être complétée avant l'anaphase. Ceci suggère que la désacétylation de H3K56 a lieu durant une courte fenêtre du cycle cellulaire se situant entre la complétion de la phase S et la métaphase. De plus, nous avons identifié deux sites de phosphorylation d'Hst3 par la kinase cycline-dépendante 1 (Cdk1) et démontré que ces évènements de phosphorylation conduisent à la dégradation d'Hst3 in vivo. Nous avons aussi démontré que l'ubiquityltransférase Cdc34 et l'ubiquitine ligase SCFCdc4 sont requises pour la dégradation d'Hst3. Finalement, nous avons montré que la phosphorylation d'Hst3 par la kinase mitotique Clb2-Cdk1 peut directement entraîner l'ubiquitylation d'Hst3 par SCFCdc4 in vitro. Au chapitre 3, nous avons étudié les mécanismes moléculaires sous-jacents à la sensibilité extrême du mutant hst3Δ hst4Δ aux agents qui endommagent l'ADN. Nous avons établi qu'en raison de la présence anormale d'H3K56ac devant les fourches de réplication, le mutant hst3Δ hst4Δ exhibe une forte perte de viabilité lorsqu'exposé au méthyl méthanesulfonate (MMS) durant un seul passage à travers la phase S. Nous avons aussi découvert que, malgré le fait que le point de contrôle de réponse aux dommages à l'ADN est activé normalement dans le mutant hst3Δ hst4Δ, ce mutant est incapable de compléter la réplication de l'ADN et d'inactiver le point de contrôle pour une longue période de temps après exposition transitoire au MMS. L'ensemble de nos résultats suggère que les lésions à l'ADN induites par le MMS dans le mutant hst3Δ hst4Δ causent une forte perte de viabilité parce que ce mutant est incapable de compléter la réplication de l'ADN après une exposition transitoire au MMS. Dans la deuxième section du chapitre 3, nous avons employé une approche génétique afin d'identifier de nouveaux mécanismes de suppression de deux phénotypes prononcés du mutant hst3Δ hst4Δ. Nous avons découvert que la délétion de plusieurs gènes impliqués dans la formation de frontières entre l'hétérochromatine et de l'euchromatine atténue les phénotypes du mutant hst3Δ hst4Δ sans réduire l'hyperacétylation d'H3K56. Nos résultats indiquent aussi que l'abondante acétylation de l'histone H4 sur la lysine 16 (H4K16ac) est néfaste au mutant hst3Δ hst4Δ. Ce résultat suggère un lien génétique intriguant entre l'acétylation d'H3K56 et celle d'H4K16. L'existence de ce lien était jusqu'à présent inconnu. Nous avons identifié un groupe de suppresseurs spontanés où H3K56ac est indétectable, mais la majorité de nos suppresseurs ne montrent aucune réduction flagrante d'H3K56ac ou d'H4 K16ac par rapport aux niveaux observés dans le mutant hst3Δ hst4Δ. Une étude plus approfondie de ce groupe de suppresseurs est susceptible de mener à la découverte de nouveaux mécanismes génétiques ou épigénétiques permettant d'éviter les conséquences catastrophiques de l'hyperacétylation d'H3K56 chez le mutant hst3Δ hst4Δ. En résumé, cette thèse identifie la machinerie moléculaire responsable de la dégradation d'Hst3 (une désacétylase d'H3K56) durant une fenêtre de temps situées entre la fin de la phase S et la métaphase. Nos résultats permettent aussi d'expliquer pourquoi la dégradation d'Hst3 précède le début de la phase S durant laquelle l'acétylation d'H3K56 s'accumule derrière les fourches de réplication afin d'exercer son rôle de mécanisme de défense contre le dommage à l'ADN. De plus, nous avons identifié plusieurs suppresseurs qui permettent de contourner le rôle important d'Hst3 et Hst4 en réponse au dommage à l'ADN. Plusieurs suppresseurs révèlent un lien génétique inattendu entre deux formes abondantes d'acétylation des histones chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae, soit H3K56ac et H4K16ac.

Unfaithful narratives: methodological and affective notes about experiences of masculinity in a dating website for married people

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

La responsabilidad civil ex delicto - el articulo 112 Del Codigo Penal español como consolidacion del paradigma utilitario de la responsabilidad civil en via punitiva. Analisis, interpretacion y propuesta de integracion de los contenidos del precepto.

Esta Tesis Doctoral analiza en profundidad el artículo 112 CP y propone una interpretación acorde con su naturaleza privada

Pipkiiα Is Widely Expressed In Hematopoietic-derived Cells And May Play A Role In The Expression Of Alpha- And Gamma-globins In K562 Cells.

Characterized for the first time in erythrocytes, phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases (PIP kinases) belong to a family of enzymes that generate various lipid messengers and participate in several cellular processes, including gene expression regulation. Recently, the PIPKIIα gene was found to be differentially expressed in reticulocytes from two siblings with hemoglobin H disease, suggesting a possible relationship between PIPKIIα and the production of globins. Here, we investigated PIPKIIα gene and protein expression and protein localization in hematopoietic-derived cells during their differentiation, and the effects of PIPKIIα silencing on K562 cells. PIPKIIα silencing resulted in an increase in α and γ globins and a decrease in the proliferation of K562 cells without affecting cell cycle progression and apoptosis. In conclusion, using a cell line model, we showed that PIPKIIα is widely expressed in hematopoietic-derived cells, is localized in their cytoplasm and nucleus, and is upregulated during erythroid differentiation. We also showed that PIPKIIα silencing can induce α and γ globin expression and decrease cell proliferation in K562 cells.

The Clinical Impact Of Cerebellar Grey Matter Pathology In Multiple Sclerosis.

The cerebellum is an important site for cortical demyelination in multiple sclerosis, but the functional significance of this finding is not fully understood. To evaluate the clinical and cognitive impact of cerebellar grey-matter pathology in multiple sclerosis patients. Forty-two relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients and 30 controls underwent clinical assessment including the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and cerebellar functional system (FS) score, and cognitive evaluation, including the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) and the Symbol-Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). Magnetic resonance imaging was performed with a 3T scanner and variables of interest were: brain white-matter and cortical lesion load, cerebellar intracortical and leukocortical lesion volumes, and brain cortical and cerebellar white-matter and grey-matter volumes. After multivariate analysis high burden of cerebellar intracortical lesions was the only predictor for the EDSS (p<0.001), cerebellar FS (p = 0.002), arm function (p = 0.049), and for leg function (p<0.001). Patients with high burden of cerebellar leukocortical lesions had lower PASAT scores (p = 0.013), while patients with greater volumes of cerebellar intracortical lesions had worse SDMT scores (p = 0.015). Cerebellar grey-matter pathology is widely present and contributes to clinical dysfunction in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients, independently of brain grey-matter damage.

Antiangiogenic And Finasteride Therapies: Responses Of The Prostate Microenvironment In Elderly Mice.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the structural and molecular effects of antiangiogenic therapies and finasteride on the ventral prostate of senile mice. 90 male FVB mice were divided into: Young (18 weeks old) and senile (52 weeks old) groups; finasteride group: finasteride (20mg/kg); SU5416 group: SU5416 (6 mg/kg); TNP-470 group: TNP-470 (15 mg/kg,) and SU5416+TNP-470 group: similar to the SU5416 and TNP-470 groups. After 21 days, prostate ventral lobes were collected for morphological, immunohistochemical and Western blotting analyses. The results demonstrated atrophy, occasional proliferative lesions and inflammatory cells in the prostate during senescence, which were interrupted and/or blocked by treatment with antiangiogenic drugs and finasteride. Decreased AR and endostatin reactivities, and an increase for ER-α, ER-β and VEGF, were seen in the senile group. Decreased VEGF and ER-α reactivities and increased ER-β reactivity were verified in the finasteride, SU5416 groups and especially in SU5416+TNP-470 group. The TNP-470 group showed reduced AR and ER-β protein levels. The senescence favored the occurrence of structural and/or molecular alterations suggesting the onset of malignant lesions, due to the imbalance in the signaling between the epithelium and stroma. The SU5416+TNP-470 treatment was more effective in maintaining the structural, hormonal and angiogenic factor balance in the prostate during senescence, highlighting the signaling of antiproliferation via ER-β.

Adapting The Sniffin' Sticks Olfactory Test To Diagnose Parkinson's Disease In Estonia.

The aim of the study was to develop a culturally adapted translation of the 12-item smell identification test from Sniffin' Sticks (SS-12) for the Estonian population in order to help diagnose Parkinson's disease (PD). A standard translation of the SS-12 was created and 150 healthy Estonians were questioned about the smells used as response options in the test. Unfamiliar smells were replaced by culturally familiar options. The adapted SS-12 was applied to 70 controls in all age groups, and thereafter to 50 PD patients and 50 age- and sex-matched controls. 14 response options from 48 used in the SS-12 were replaced with familiar smells in an adapted version, in which the mean rate of correct response was 87% (range 73-99) compared to 83% with the literal translation (range 50-98). In PD patients, the average adapted SS-12 score (5.4/12) was significantly lower than in controls (average score 8.9/12), p < 0.0001. A multiple linear regression using the score in the SS-12 as the outcome measure showed that diagnosis and age independently influenced the result of the SS-12. A logistic regression using the SS-12 and age as covariates showed that the SS-12 (but not age) correctly classified 79.0% of subjects into the PD and control category, using a cut-off of <7 gave a sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 86% for the diagnosis of PD. The developed SS-12 cultural adaption is appropriate for testing olfaction in Estonia for the purpose of PD diagnosis.

Migraine Equivalents In Childhood.

Migraine equivalents are a group of periodic and paroxysmal neurologic diseases. Because headache is not a prominent symptom, the diagnosis might be challenging. The objective of the study was to evaluate the frequency and outcome of migraine equivalents. This was a retrospective study. We included benign paroxysmal torticollis of infancy, benign paroxysmal vertigo of infancy, abdominal migraine, cyclic vomiting, aura without migraine, and confusional migraine. We evaluated the frequency of events, treatment, and outcome. Out of 674 children with headache, 38 (5.6%) presented with migraine equivalents. Twenty-one were boys and the mean age was 6.1 years. Fifteen had abdominal migraine, 12 benign paroxysmal vertigo, 5 confusional migraine, 3 aura without migraine, 2 paroxysmal torticollis, and 1 cyclic vomiting. Prophylactic treatment was introduced in 23 patients; 4 lost follow-up and 19 had significant improvement. We conclude that the correct diagnosis of migraine equivalents enables an effective treatment with an excellent outcome.

Egfr Activating Mutations And Their Association With Response To Platinum-doublet Chemotherapy In Brazilian Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients.

The aim of the study was to analyze the frequency of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in Brazilian non-small cell lung cancer patients and to correlate these mutations with response to benefit of platinum-based chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our cohort consisted of prospective patients with NSCLCs who received chemotherapy (platinum derivates plus paclitaxel) at the [UNICAMP], Brazil. EGFR exons 18-21 were analyzed in tumor-derived DNA. Fifty patients were included in the study (25 with adenocarcinoma). EGFR mutations were identified in 6/50 (12 %) NSCLCs and in 6/25 (24 %) adenocarcinomas; representing the frequency of EGFR mutations in a mostly self-reported White (82.0 %) southeastern Brazilian population of NSCLCs. Patients with NSCLCs harboring EGFR exon 19 deletions or the exon 21 L858R mutation were found to have a higher chance of response to platinum-paclitaxel (OR 9.67 [95 % CI 1.03-90.41], p = 0.047). We report the frequency of EGFR activating mutations in a typical southeastern Brazilian population with NSCLC, which are similar to that of other countries with Western European ethnicity. EGFR mutations seem to be predictive of a response to platinum-paclitaxel, and additional studies are needed to confirm or refute this relationship.

Lung Age Is Related To Carotid Structural Alterations In Hypertensive Subjects.

Hypertensive patients exhibit higher cardiovascular risk and reduced lung function compared with the general population. Whether this association stems from the coexistence of two highly prevalent diseases or from direct or indirect links of pathophysiological mechanisms is presently unclear. This study investigated the association between lung function and carotid features in non-smoking hypertensive subjects with supposed normal lung function. Hypertensive patients (n = 67) were cross-sectionally evaluated by clinical, hemodynamic, laboratory, and carotid ultrasound analysis. Forced vital capacity, forced expired volume in 1 second and in 6 seconds, and lung age were estimated by spirometry. Subjects with ventilatory abnormalities according to current guidelines were excluded. Regression analysis adjusted for age and prior smoking history showed that lung age and the percentage of predicted spirometric parameters associated with common carotid intima-media thickness, diameter, and stiffness. Further analyses, adjusted for additional potential confounders, revealed that lung age was the spirometric parameter exhibiting the most significant regression coefficients with carotid features. Conversely, plasma C-reactive protein and matrix-metalloproteinases-2/9 levels did not influence this relationship. The present findings point toward lung age as a potential marker of vascular remodeling and indicate that lung and vascular remodeling might share common pathophysiological mechanisms in hypertensive subjects.

An Efficient Protocol For The Generation Of Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells Using Serum-free Media For Clinical Applications In Post Remission Aml Patients.

Protocols for the generation of dendritic cells (DCs) using serum as a supplementation of culture media leads to reactions due to animal proteins and disease transmissions. Several types of serum-free media (SFM), based on good manufacture practices (GMP), have recently been used and seem to be a viable option. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of the differentiation, maturation, and function of DCs from Acute Myeloid Leukemia patients (AML), generated in SFM and medium supplemented with autologous serum (AS). DCs were analyzed by phenotype characteristics, viability, and functionality. The results showed the possibility of generating viable DCs in all the conditions tested. In patients, the X-VIVO 15 medium was more efficient than the other media tested in the generation of DCs producing IL-12p70 (p=0.05). Moreover, the presence of AS led to a significant increase of IL-10 by DCs as compared with CellGro (p=0.05) and X-Vivo15 (p=0.05) media, both in patients and donors. We concluded that SFM was efficient in the production of DCs for immunotherapy in AML patients. However, the use of AS appears to interfere with the functional capacity of the generated DCs.

Changes In The Bacterial Community Of Soil From A Neutral Mine Drainage Channel.

Mine drainage is an important environmental disturbance that affects the chemical and biological components in natural resources. However, little is known about the effects of neutral mine drainage on the soil bacteria community. Here, a high-throughput 16S rDNA pyrosequencing approach was used to evaluate differences in composition, structure, and diversity of bacteria communities in samples from a neutral drainage channel, and soil next to the channel, at the Sossego copper mine in Brazil. Advanced statistical analyses were used to explore the relationships between the biological and chemical data. The results showed that the neutral mine drainage caused changes in the composition and structure of the microbial community, but not in its diversity. The Deinococcus/Thermus phylum, especially the Meiothermus genus, was in large part responsible for the differences between the communities, and was positively associated with the presence of copper and other heavy metals in the environmental samples. Other important parameters that influenced the bacterial diversity and composition were the elements potassium, sodium, nickel, and zinc, as well as pH. The findings contribute to the understanding of bacterial diversity in soils impacted by neutral mine drainage, and demonstrate that heavy metals play an important role in shaping the microbial population in mine environments.