基于ISO9001和CMM的软件需求管理的研究

软件需求的定义比较多，各种定义之间比较容易混淆，学术界倾向于把整个需求范围称之为“需求工程”。从软件工程角度来讲，把整个软件需求研究领域划分为“需求开发”和“需求管理”比较合适。图1表明了需求开发和需求管理在整个需求工程中的关系。

Adoption of ISO9001 through supply chain in Vietnam : impacts of FDI and product-related environmental regulation

The objective of the present study is to examine the determinants of ISO 9001 certification, focusing on the effect of Product-related Environmental Regulations on Chemicals (PRERCs) and FDI using the answers to several questions in our Vietnam survey conducted from December 2011 to January 2012. Our findings suggest that PRERCs may help with the improvement in quality control of Vietnamese firms. If Vietnamese manufacturing firms with ISO 9001 certification are more likely to adopt ISO 14001, as well as firms in developed countries, our results indicate that the European chemical regulations may assist in the reduction of various environmental impacts in Vietnam. In addition, we found that FDI promotes the adoption of ISO 9001. If FDI firms in Vietnam certify ISO 14001 after the adoption of ISO 9001, as in the case of Malaysia and the developed economies, FDI firms may also be able to improve environmental performance as a result of ISO 14001.

Examining the implementation of ISO 9001 in Indonesian construction companies

Purpose To examine the implementation of quality management systems (QMSs) of Grade 7 (G-7) Indonesian construction companies. This includes the initial motives that have driven the development of QMSs, barriers to effective QMS implementation, the current practice and integration of QMS-ISO 9001 principles and elements, and the performance of contractors implementing such QMSs. Design/methodology/approach A survey was conducted involving 403 respondents (Quality Management Representatives, Managers, and Project and Site Engineers) from 77 G-7 as well as ISO 9001 certified Indonesian construction companies. Findings The main motive for G-7 contractors in establishing and implementing ISO 9001 based QMSs are identified as being to effectively and efficiently control project activities. Respondents apparently do not often experience problems related to QMS implementation. However, issues of management attitude and purpose are identified as barriers that may affect effective QMS implementation. The study highlights the ISO 9001 principles and elements that still require to be more critically applied by G-7 contractors in order to fully implement and improve their current QMS effectiveness. The findings also suggest that, although certified, many G-7 contractors have not yet achieved a satisfactory level of performance to be truly competitive in global markets outside Indonesia. Originality/value To date, only limited research has been conducted into the application of ISO 9001 in the Indonesian construction industry. The research findings reinforced the value of pursuing more effective QMS implementation. They also support current attempts to introduce ISO 9001 QMSs to a much wider base of Indonesian construction companies, particularly small and medium sized contractors and builders.

Relationship between quality certification and financial and non-financial performance of organizations

At present, many countries have either embraced ISO9001 or used it as the basis of their national quality certification systems. However, few studies have been conducted to examine the benefits companies’ gain from achieving and implementing ISO9001 standards (Chikuku et al. 2012; Psomas et al. 2013; Sampaio et al. 2011a,b). Analysis has brought much more confused and uneven results across the countries. Turning to the experience of Malaysia, this country has witnessed a spectacular growth at an average rate of 9.89% per annum of ISO certificates issued to companies operating within its borders (ISO Survey 2012). While many companies rush to be ISO 9001 certified whether this brings about better benefits (both the financial and the non-financial) is still an open question. In this study, the research problems were first formulated from the literature and then a questionnaire survey was conducted to test the hypotheses. A survey was administered to chief executives officers and managers across manufacturing and service organizations in Malaysia. Multivariate analysis and SPSS macro developed by Preacher and Hayes were used as statistical techniques to the financial and non-financial benefits of ISO9001 certification. The survey instrument was a two-page questionnaire comprising three sections. The first section of the questionnaire covered the company’s profile. The second section consisted of 25 items on internal benefits and third section consisted of 7 items on external benefits measured on 1–5 Likert scale to assess the benefits of ISO9001 certification. Total 201 valid responses were received. Results of the study indicate that there was no significant direct relationship between ISO9001 certification and organizational financial performance, while strong statistical evidence was found to support the direct relationship between ISO9001 certification and non-financial performance. The findings of the study discovered that financial performance is actually directly related to two non-financial measures, namely quality performance and local and international business performance, which are directly and significantly influenced by ISO9001 certification. Therefore non-financial performance measures are involved in the mediational process. The findings will assist practitioners in taking right courses of action that make the implementation of this standard more effective. For example, the study findings study suggests that companies should put emphasize on nonfinancial factors to improve their financial performance.

内部质量体系审核与软件过程改进

ISO9001对企业的质量管理体系给出来一个宏观的框架。其中,“内部质量体系审核”及其相关的“纠正及预防措施”、“管理评审”等,对整个质量体系提供了一个自我改进的机制,使质量系统持续地保持其有效性,并能不断改进和完善。CMM认为过程的不断改进基于许多小的、进化的步骤而不是革命性的创新,它为软件企业的过程能力提供了一个阶梯式的进化框架。文章参照CMM思想,提出建立模型数据库和过程数据库,结合内部质量体系审核机制,吸取以往软件工程的经验教训,不断提升企业的软件过程改进。

Fidelización, estrategia de perdurabilidad basada en calidad para el FNA

El presente documento hace referencia a la calidad como herramienta para la fidelización y la perdurabilidad en el Fondo Nacional del Ahorro. Para comprender la utilidad de la relación anteriormente descrita se realizará una presentación del FNA, su historia y el propósito que tiene como Institución, además de un breve recorrido por la historia del sector de la vivienda en el país. Por otra parte, se retomarán los conceptos más relevantes relacionados con la calidad, la fidelidad y la perdurabilidad y otros conceptos como la competitividad, la responsabilidad y la estrategia. Por último, se retoma la evaluación de calidad realizada al FNA por parte del ICONTEC en 2010, y a partir de ésta, y considerando además, que en la actualidad el FNA no cuenta con una estrategia de fidelización de clientes, se propone al final del documento el concepto y estrategias de fidelización para la Entidad.

Metodologia de implantação da construção enxuta: estudo de caso em construtora de porte médio

In recent years, the Brazilian construction industry has gone by changes like currency stability, increasing competition, shortage of skilled labor and increasing quality importance required by the customer, who made the sector companies seek solutions through new management practices in order to become more efficient. A alternative to these management practices is known as Lean Construction which is derived from the Toyota System Production. Lean Construction main goals are to reduce parts of activities that do not add value, increase product value by considering customer needs, reduce variability and production cycle time, simplify process by reducing the number of parts or steps, increase the flexibility in the product execution and transparency process, focus the control on overall process, introduce continuous improvement process, maintain a balance between improvements in flows and conversions and seek to learn from practices adopted by competitors. However, the construction industry is characterized by having nomadic activity, which undertakes an unique product with high cost of production and big inertia for behavioral change, making it difficult to implement the philosophy of lean construction in companies. In this sense, the main objective of this study is to develop a methodology for implementation of the principles of Lean Construction. The method of implementing the proposed management system was designed with the aid of 5W2H tool, and the implementation process is divided into three phases. The first one aims to know in a macro way the current operation of construction, identify who is its target audience and what are the products and services offered to the Market. The second phase aims to describe what actions should be taken and which documents are needed to be created or modified; finally, the third step goal consists in how to control and monitor established processes, where through Strategic Planning the company goals would be set along with their respective targets and indicators in order to keep the system working, aiming for continuous improvement with focus on the customer. This methodology was conceived as a case study analyzing a medium size construction with more than 18 years of activity and certified for almost 10 years with ISO9001 and level A in PBQP-H. We also conclude that this implementation process can be used in any developer and / or builder

Estratégias na Implementação da norma ISO 9001 em IPSS (Instituições Particulares de Solidariedade Social)

A qualidade está na base do sucesso no mundo empresarial, sendo um fator de competitividade e de diferenciação entre organizações. No contexto das Instituições Particulares de Solidariedade Social, a aposta na qualidade é também uma realidade. No entanto, estas instituições enfrentam diversas dificuldades no processo de implementação do sistema de gestão da qualidade (SGQ) ISO 9001. De entre estas, destaca-se o difícil acesso à metodologia, crenças impostas, culturas resistentes à mudança, desconhecimentos e receios, que resultam em custos avultados para as organizações, dado o recurso frequente a empresas de consultoria. Como tal, o presente trabalho de investigação pretende salientar as principais dificuldades no processo de implementação da norma ISO9001:2008 em IPSS e dar o seu contributo para a clarificação da polémica que envolve a certificação desta norma, mediante a criação de um kit, com todas as ferramentas necessárias à implementação da norma. Por conseguinte, e para dar resposta ao objetivo proposto, procedeu-se numa primeira instância à realização de inquéritos a 29 organizações certificadas pelas normas ISO 9001:2008 e/ou EQUASS (European Quality in Social Services), de forma a apreender as principais dificuldades no processo de implementação da norma nas várias IPSS. Esta análise permitiu concluir que, os principais fatores que dificultaram a implementação do sistema de gestão da qualidade, segundo a norma ISO 9001:2008, são essencialmente a falta de tempo e/ou disponibilidade, assim como a dificuldade de interpretação da norma. Como tal, as organizações necessitam de ferramentas de auxílio que as apoiem e esclareçam no processo de implementação do sistema da qualidade. Neste sentido, elaborou-se o kit de implementação “Qualifica”. Este é constituído por um manual e um CD interativo com documentos, formações e ferramentas para a implementação do sistema, cujo objetivo é esclarecer, encaminhar, orientar e simplificar todo o processo de implementação da norma e utilizando uma linguagem simples e acessível. Para finalizar, a viabilidade do KIT “Qualifica” foi devidamente validada através da sua aplicação numa IPSS não certificada. Após a revisão do sistema implementado na IPSS em estudo, conclui-se que o KIT "Qualifica" ofereceu todas as bases e todos os recursos necessários para o bom entendimento, encaminhamento e implementação da norma, provando a sua potencialidade como ferramenta auxiliar fundamental que qualquer organização poderá no futuro utilizar.

Implementação de um Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade numa Estrutura Residencial para Idosos

Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão Integrada da Qualidade, Ambiente e Segurança