基于IGES的卷曲类工件结构光测量路径规划研究

本文通过对卷曲类工件IGES文件的分析,本文提出了一种新的基于IGES文件的测量路径规划策略。根据张量积曲面的性质,提出了一种曲面组合算法,运用了张量积曲面的性质,将曲面操作转化为多次曲线操作,将IGES文件中存储的多片曲面片组合为一整片曲面,从而为自由曲面测量路径的提取提供了数学模型。运用二次逼近原理,提出了一种B样条曲线上的等距采样算法。通过在实际系统进行实验,上述策略及算法得到了验证,并在自主开发的智能测量建模加工一体化装备中得到了应用。

Dāvār be-ʿittô : ein oifrichṭiges worṭ fon Jehuda Dawid Wiener ois Unghwor an seine izraeliṭišen miṭbrider in Ungarn und Zibenbirgen

Digitalisat der Ausg. [S.l.], [circa 1860]

CAD Standardization in Construction – a Process View

There has been a demand for uniform CAD standards in the construction industry ever since the large-scale introduction of computer aided design systems in the late 1980s. While some standards have been widely adopted without much formal effort, other standards have failed to gain support even though considerable resources have been allocated for the purpose. Establishing a standard concerning building information modeling has been one particularly active area of industry development and scientific interest within recent years. In this paper, four different standards are discussed as cases: the IGES and DXF/DWG standards for representing the graphics in 2D drawings, the ISO 13567 standard for the structuring of building information on layers, and the IFC standard for building product models. Based on a literature study combined with two qualitative interview studies with domain experts, a process model is proposed to describe and interpret the contrasting histories of past CAD standardisation processes.

Defining the pathway to insulin-like growth factor system targeting in cancer

The insulin-like growth factors (IGEs; IGF-1 and IGF-2) play central roles in cell growth, differentiation, survival, transformation and metastasis. The biologic effects of the IGFs are mediated by the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), a receptor tyrosine kinase with homology to the insulin receptor (IR). Dysregulation of the ICE system is well recognized as a key contributor to the progression of multiple cancers, with IGF-1R activation increasing the tumorigenic potential of breast, prostate, lung, colon and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Despite this relationship, targeting the IGF-1R has only recently undergone development as a molecular cancer therapeutic. As it has taken hold, we are witnessing a robust increase and interest in targeting the inhibition of IGF-1R signaling. This is accentuated by the list of over 30 drugs, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that are under evaluation as single agents or in combination therapies 1]. The ICE-binding proteins (IGFBPs) represent the third component of the ICE system consisting of a class of six soluble secretory proteins. They represent a unique class of naturally occurring ICE-antagonists that bind to and sequester IGF-1 and IGF-2, inhibiting their access to the IGF-1R. Due to their dual targeting of the IGFs without affecting insulin action, the IGFBPs are an untapped ``third'' class of IGF-1R inhibitors. in this commentary, we highlight some of the significant aspects of and prospects for targeting the IGF-1R and describe what the future may hold. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

智能测量、建模及加工一体化机器人系统研究

数字化、智能化和集成化是制造技术目前的发展热点和未来的重要特征，也是二十一世纪先进制造技术的发展趋势。随着测量技术、自由曲面重建技术和机器人加工技术的发展，三者之间的联系越来越密切，将上述技术集成，开发智能测量、建模及加工一体化机器人系统适应了现代制造业的需要，可以提高制造系统的柔性和敏捷性，具有广阔的应用前景。 目前对于智能测量、建模及加工一体化机器人系统的研究主要还停留在样机阶段，在系统集成与实现方面还有许多关键问题需要解决。为此，本文以863计划引导项目《智能测量建模加工一体化装备的产业化开发》和中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目《数字化智能制造装备与系统技术》为依托，在分析了国内外测量建模及加工集成技术研究现状和进展的基础上，系统地研究了线结构光测量技术、自由曲面NURBS重建技术和机器人加工控制技术的集成以及集成中出现的相关问题，最后开发完成一测量、建模及加工一体化机器人系统。本文主要贡献概括如下： 1、进行了五轴机器人的补偿技术研究，提出了一种非模型方法与基于模型方法相结合的混合机器人补偿算法，有效解决了单一方法难以解决多种复杂误差源的问题。该混合机器人补偿算法适应了一体化机器人系统工作空间大，精度高等要求，并有效结合了五轴机器人的结构特点。与传统方法相比，它不仅考虑了几何参数误差和非几何参数误差，还充分考虑了非几何参数因素导致的几何参数误差的变化。 2、进行了线结构光测量系统标定技术研究，提出了一种基于探针的手眼矩阵与摄像机外参数矩阵的混合标定算法，并提出了相应的标定补偿算法。针对线结构光测量系统标定中的一个关键问题—手眼标定与摄像机外参数标定，结合手眼矩阵与摄像机外参数矩阵均为常矩阵的特点，应用基于探针的方法，将二者合二为一进行标定；在深入分析标定误差、误差来源及其对测量结果的影响的基础上，提出了标定补偿算法，克服了基于探针标定算法中标定误差受人为操作因素影响的缺陷，简化了其操作要求，同时提高了精度，从而大大提高了探针式标定方法的实用性。 3、进行了线结构光透明件测量路径规划的研究，提出了基于IGES的线结构光透明件路径规划算法与无CAD模型的半自动测量路径规划算法。针对一些形状并不复杂的工件CAD模型由多片曲面片组成的特点，根据张量积曲面的性质，提出了曲面片组合算法，将多片曲面片组合成一整片曲面，为路径统一规划提供模型；与其他线结构光测量规划研究相比，这两种方法都充分考虑了线结构光透明件测量的特殊要求和特点，解决了线结构光测量透明件的难题。 4、进行了自由曲面NURBS重建技术的研究，并针对密集散乱点云数据，提出了一种基于逆向参数化的B样条曲面重建算法。与传统参数化方法由数据点求取对应参数相反，逆向参数化方法根据参数求取相应的数据点，有效克服了传统参数化方法寻找对应点需要反复迭代的缺点；并为B样条的曲面重建提供了一种新的思路，基于逆向参数化的B样条曲面重建算法解决了密集散乱点云传统参数化的矩形拓扑难题，且实验分析表明其在时间效率和精度上较传统算法都具有优势。 5、在解决上述关键技术问题的基础上，完成智能测量、建模及加工一体化机器人系统的开发与调试，使系统达到最终应用要求，为今后的产业化奠定了基础。

The soundscape as time capsule: A creative project based on the sounds of the first train station of Cuenca

This article reflects on the changing environment through the passage of time and how certain technologies for a creative proposal allow the preservation and transmission of a significant part of that ephemeral heritage for future generations. The general purpose of this particular project is aimed to achieve the sound synthesis of a specific and representative cityscape as the old train station in Cuenca –located in the heart of the city– that could be preserved and reproduced as an unique document of a present time, ascertainable in the future: a memory that interpret sound as a time capsule. This soundscape was made to mark the arrival of the high speed train in 2010 to a brand new station in the outskirts of the city. Therefore, the goal of this research was focused on achieving a synthetic document that provided a sound memory capable of reflecting the significant social, cultural and logistical features, of what was until then the only railway communication symbol in the city of Cuenca from 1883 to the first decade of the 21st century.

Photoemissions-Elektronenmikroskopie an Adsorbatsystemen

Die Photoemissions-Elektronenmikroskopie ist eine hervorragend geeignete Methode zur Untersuchung dynamischer Vorgänge auf realen polykristallinen Oberflächen im sub-μm Bereich. Bei der Anwendung auf Adsorbatsysteme lassen sich geringe Bedeckungsunterschiede, sowie Adsorbatstrukturen und -phasen unterscheiden. Die Methode erlaubt dabei ein breites Anwendungsspektrum über weite Temperaturbereiche und Systeme unterschiedlichster Bindungsenergie. Bei der Chemisorption von Sauerstoff auf polykristallinen Metallen wird unterschiedliches Aufwachsverhalten in den Helligkeitswerten im Mikroskopbild widergespiegelt. Bei Kupferproben zeigen Oberflächen mit unterschiedlicher kristalliner Richtung aufgrund der Symmetrie des fcc-Gitters ein ähnliches Verhalten. Das hexagonale Gitter des Titans zeigt dagegen große Unterschiede im Adsorptionsverhalten in Abhängigkeit der kristallinen Richtung. Diese Unterschiede konnten auf verschiedene Haftkoeffizienten und Oxidationsstufen der Metalle zurückgeführt werden. In einem Modell zur Photostromanalyse konnte beim Kupfer der Übergang von verschiedenen Überstrukturen bei wachsender Bedeckung gezeigt und die Übergänge ermittelt werden.. Auf den Titanoberflächen wurde so das Wachstum der Oxide TiO, TiO₂ und Ti₂O₃ unterschieden und die Übergänge des unterschiedlichen Wachstums ermittelt. Bei der thermischen Desorption der Schichten konnten unterschiedliche Haftkoeffizient auf einzelnen Kristalliten qualitativ gezeigt werden. Diese erstmalig eingesetzte Analysemethode weist Ähnlichkeiten zur Thermo-Desorptions-Spektroskopie (TDS) auf, zeigt jedoch ortsaufgelöst lokale Unterschiede auf polykristallinen Oberflächen. Bei thermisch gestützten Oberflächenreaktionen ließen sich die Reaktionskeime deutlich identifizieren und mit einer Grauwertanalyse konnte die Oxidation der karbidischen Lagen zu Kohlenmonoxid und die Metalloxidation unterschieden werden. Dabei konnte gezeigt werden, daß die Reaktionskeime nur an Plattengrenzen auftreten, nicht jedoch auf der Oberfläche. Durch die Aufrauhung der Plattengrenzen mit zunehmender Reaktionsdauer nimmt die Zahl der Reaktionskeime kontinuierlich zu, die laterale Ausdehnung der Einzelreaktionen bleibt aber konstant. Bei der Physisorption von Xenon auf Graphit wurde erstmals für die Photoemissionsmikroskopie die resonanten Anregung ausgenutzt. Die verschiedenen Phasen des Adsorbats können dabei deutlich unterschieden werden; bei niedrigen Temperaturen (40K) findet ein gleichmäßiges Wachstum auf der gesamten Oberfläche statt, bei höheren Temperaturen von 60-65K ist dagegen ein Inselwachstum in verschiedenen Phasen zu beobachten. Die zeitliche Entwicklung des Wachstums, die örtliche Lage der Phasen und die Phasenübergänge (gas, fest inkommensurabel, fest kommensurabel) konnten bestimmt werden. Bei der Desorption der Schichten konnten die einzelnen Phasen ebenfalls getrennt werden und das unterschiedliche Desorptionsverhalten sowie die Phasenübergänge selber verifiziert werden.

The framework for post-accident preparedness in Europe. The IRPA guiding principles for stakeholder engagement

To provide public and private actors at local, regional, national and European levels with methodologies to: – Create the conditions for them to gradually appropriate the problematic of long term rehabilitation following a situation of long‐lasting radioactive contamination; – Develop in their context appropriate means and tools for rehabilitation strategies; – Foster innovation and experimentation at territorial and national levels.

Unexpected signals in a system subject to kinetic proofreading

When multivalent ligands attach to IgEs bound to the receptors with high affinity for IgE on mast cells, the receptors aggregate, tyrosines on the receptors become phosphorylated, and a variety of cellular responses are stimulated. Prior studies, confirmed here, demonstrated that the efficiency with which later events are generated from earlier ones is inversely related to the dissociation rate of the aggregating ligand. This finding suggests that the cellular responses are constrained by a “kinetic proofreading” regimen. We have now observed an apparent exception to this rule. Doses of the rapidly or slowly dissociating ligands that generated equivalent levels of tyrosine-phosphorylated receptors comparably stimulated a putatively distal event: transcription of the gene for monocyte chemoattractant protein 1. Possible explanations of this apparent anomaly were explored.

Parâmetros bioquímicos e níveis de IgE total e específicas para aeroalérgenos em mulheres obesas com síndrome dos ovários policísticos

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) whose classic features (menstrual irregularity of oligo/ amenorrhea type, chronic anovulation, infertility and hyperandrogenism clinical and/ or biochemical), is associated with aspects of metabolic syndrome (MS), as obesity and insulin resistance. The level of obesity determines different levels of inflammation, increasing cytokines participants of metabolic and endocrine functions, beyond modulate the immune response. Metabolic changes, added to the imbalance of sex hormones underlying irregular menstruation observed in (PCOS) can trigger allergic processes and elevation of total and specific IgE antibodies indicate that a sensitization process was started. Objective: To evaluate the influence of PCOS on biochemical parameters and levels of total and specific IgE to aeroallergens in obese women. Methods: After approval by the Committee of Ethics in Research, were recruited 80 volunteers with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and age between 18 and 45 years. Among these, 40 with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria and 40 women without PCOS (control group). All participants were analysed with regard to anthropometric, clinical, gynecological parameters, interviewed using a questionnaire, and underwent blood sampling for realization of laboratory tests of clinical biochemistry: Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL- cholesterol, Triglycerides, Fasting glucose, Urea, Creatinine, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and immunological: total and specific IgE to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Blomia tropicalis, Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides microceras.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 15.0 software through the chi-square tests, Fisher, Student t test and binary logistic regression, with significance level (p <0.05). Results: It was observed in the group of obese women with PCOS that 29 (72.5%) had menstrual cycle variable and 27 (67.5%) had difficulty getting pregnant. According to waist-hip ratio, higher average was also observed in obese PCOS (0.87). Blood level of HDL (36.9 mg/dL) and ALT (29.3 U/L) were above normal levels in obese women with PCOS, with statistically significant relationship. In the analysis of total and specific IgE to D. pteronyssinus high results were also prevalent in obese PCOS, with blood level (365,22 IU/mL) and (6.83 kU/L), respectively, also statistically significant. Conclusions: Observed predominance of cases with high levels of total IgE in the group of obese women with PCOS, 28 (70%) of the participants, whose mean blood concentration of the group was 365.22 IU/mL. In the analysis of Specific IgE between the groups, the allergen Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus showed greater dispersion and average the results of sensitization in the group of obese PCOS, whose mean blood concentration was 6.83 kU/l. Keywords: Obesity, Allergens and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome