Estudo hidráulico em modelo reduzido de descarregadores de cheias: utilização de conchas de rolo na dissipação de energia do escoamento

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil na Área de Especialização em Hidráulica

La gran obra hidràulica a les conques de la Muga i del Fluvià: dels projectes a les realitzacions (1850-1980)

La tesi aborda, des d'una perspectiva territorial i històrica, el paper que han jugat les grans infraestructures hidràuliques en dues conques fluvials mediterrànies catalanes: la Muga i el Fluvià (província de Girona). Així, s'efectua una reconstrucció retrospectiva del conjunt de projectes de gran obra hidràulica (preses, embassaments, canals complementaris) que, als últims 150 anys, han estat ideats i, en el seu cas executats, a ambdues conques. En aquest procés s'atorga una atenció especial a les justificacions, finalitats, discursos i agents socials que han inspirat la seva concepció i les causes que han conduït al seu èxit o al seu fracàs. Tot plegat es contextualitza dins dels plans, les polítiques i la legislació hidràulica estatals. L'elecció de dos rius veïns proporciona clars elements per a establir una anàlisi evolutiva comparada entre ells. Aquí s'afegirà la influencia del proper riu Ter des del moment en que es decideix l'abastament parcial amb els seus cabals a Barcelona.

Análise experimental da durabilidade de concretos de alto desempenho com adição de resíduo de borracha de pneu e cinza da casca de arroz

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação da permeabilidade em geomembranas de polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Conflitos por múltiplos usos da água no reservatório da UHE de Tucuruí

Os conflitos por múltiplos usos da água, no reservatório da UHE Tucuruí, surgem com o anúncio da construção da mega hidrelétrica na região, e os conflitos socioambientais subseqüentes. Aliada a elevação do nível de percepção social em relação aos problemas ambientais cresce também a busca por eficientes processos de gestão e gerenciamento de recursos hídricos. Este estudo objetiva analisar e tipificar os conflitos por múltiplos usos da água no reservatório da UHE Tucuruí, utilizando-se como ferramenta de apoio à decisão o software de modelagem qualitativa NVivo 8, e dessa forma verificar as melhores alternativas a serem adotadas para a conciliação dos usos múltiplos no reservatório. As tipificações realizadas basearam-se na análise dos conflitos, seus componentes, elementos e aspectos, tipo, natureza e origem. Sendo assim, identificaram-se três principais tipos de conflitos no reservatório da UHE Tucuruí: conflitos entre distintos grupos de usuários da água, conflitos por obras hidráulicas e conflitos decorrentes de poluição ambiental. Para este estudo adotou - se uma abordagem qualitativa, através do método de mapeamento cognitivo. Este tipo de mapeamento possibilitou a construção de um modelo cognitivo para a gestão dos conflitos no reservatório de Tucuruí. Sendo assim, o software NVivo 8 possibilitou, além da análise dos dados obtidos nas entrevistas e no levantamento bibliográfico, a construção do modelo gráfico de apoio à gestão de conflitos por múltiplos usos da água. Verificou-se que uma das formas de solução dos conflitos é através da análise destes, em vistas de se investigar os mecanismos adequados para sua resolução, e posterior proposição de medidas estruturais e/ou nãoestruturais para a gestão de recursos hídricos. As principais ações para a solução dos conflitos estão enquadradas nos métodos de resolução institucional de longo prazo. O modelo pode funcionar como suporte ao planejamento e tomada de decisão, tendo em vista os problemas ambientais, a participação dos usuários da água no sistema hídrico, as políticas públicas, e também a gestão integrada dos recursos hídricos. Concluiu- se, então, que a exploração dos recursos hídricos deve proporcionar os múltiplos usos da água em atendimento aos princípios da sustentabilidade ambiental, inseridos num processo de gestão dos conflitos por múltiplos usos da água e gerenciamento integrado dos recursos hídricos.

Azudes y acueductos del sistema de riego tradicional de la Vega Baja del Segura (Alicante, España)

En el presente trabajo se describen y analizan las principales obras hidráulicas del sistema de riego tradicional de la comarca de la Vega Baja del Segura, concretamente, los azudes y los acueductos. Los azudes de toma, construidos en el cauce del río Segura, representan el inicio del sistema, desde donde parte una extensa y compleja red de acueductos constituida por acequias y azarbes, como elementos fundamentales, que distribuyen el agua para el regadío. En este estudio se ha llevado a cabo una amplia y profunda investigación documental, tomado datos de campo y captado imágenes in situ que, junto con los diagramas aportados, resultan imprescindibles para comprender la magnitud del sistema. Los resultados obtenidos han servido no sólo para catalogar y caracterizar los elementos que integran el sistema hidráulico del regadío tradicional de la Vega Baja del Segura, sino también para poner de manifiesto un ejemplo real de optimización de recursos hídricos en una zona del sureste peninsular español de escasa e irregular pluviometría. Asimismo, el estudio efectuado revela un sistema de riego sumamente eficiente desde un punto de vista cuantitativo y no tanto desde el cualitativo, debido a la presencia, entre otros contaminantes, de altas concentraciones de sales.

Outlet works for Taylorsville Lake, Salt River, Kentucky : hydraulic model investigation : final report /

Cover title.

A record of the progress of modern engineering 1865 : comprising civil, mechanical, marine, hydraulic, railway, bridge, and other engineering works, with essays and reviews /

Includes index.

Experimental evaluation of position control methods for hydraulic systems

Presents a unified and systematic assessment of ten position control strategies for a hydraulic servo system with single-ended cylinder driven by a proportional directional control valve. We aim at identifying those methods that achieve better tracking, have a low sensitivity to system uncertainties, and offer a good balance between development effort and end results. A formal approach for solving this problem relies on several practical metrics, which is introduced herein. Their choice is important, as the comparison results between controllers can vary significantly, depending on the selected criterion. Apart from the quantitative assessment, we also raise aspects which are difficult to quantify, but which must stay in attention when considering the position control problem for this class of hydraulic servo systems.

Adaptive, Decentralized, And Real-Time Sampling Strategies For Resource Constrained Hydraulic And Hydrologic Sensor Networks

We discuss the development and performance of a low-power sensor node (hardware, software and algorithms) that autonomously controls the sampling interval of a suite of sensors based on local state estimates and future predictions of water flow. The problem is motivated by the need to accurately reconstruct abrupt state changes in urban watersheds and stormwater systems. Presently, the detection of these events is limited by the temporal resolution of sensor data. It is often infeasible, however, to increase measurement frequency due to energy and sampling constraints. This is particularly true for real-time water quality measurements, where sampling frequency is limited by reagent availability, sensor power consumption, and, in the case of automated samplers, the number of available sample containers. These constraints pose a significant barrier to the ubiquitous and cost effective instrumentation of large hydraulic and hydrologic systems. Each of our sensor nodes is equipped with a low-power microcontroller and a wireless module to take advantage of urban cellular coverage. The node persistently updates a local, embedded model of flow conditions while IP-connectivity permits each node to continually query public weather servers for hourly precipitation forecasts. The sampling frequency is then adjusted to increase the likelihood of capturing abrupt changes in a sensor signal, such as the rise in the hydrograph – an event that is often difficult to capture through traditional sampling techniques. Our architecture forms an embedded processing chain, leveraging local computational resources to assess uncertainty by analyzing data as it is collected. A network is presently being deployed in an urban watershed in Michigan and initial results indicate that the system accurately reconstructs signals of interest while significantly reducing energy consumption and the use of sampling resources. We also expand our analysis by discussing the role of this approach for the efficient real-time measurement of stormwater systems.

Numerical Simulation Of Sediment Transport And Bedmorphology Around A Hydraulic Structure On A River

Scour around hydraulic structures is a critical problem in hydraulic engineering. Under prediction of scour depth may lead to costly failures of the structure, while over prediction might result in unnecessary costs. Unfortunately, up-to-date empirical scour prediction formulas are based on laboratory experiments that are not always able to reproduce field conditions due to complicated geometry of rivers and temporal and spatial scales of a physical model. However, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools can perform using real field dimensions and operating conditions to predict sediment scour around hydraulic structures. In Korea, after completing the Four Major Rivers Restoration Project, several new weirs have been built across Han, Nakdong, Geum and Yeongsan Rivers. Consequently, sediment deposition and bed erosion around such structures have became a major issue in these four rivers. In this study, an application of an open source CFD software package, the TELEMAC-MASCARET, to simulate sediment transport and bed morphology around Gangjeong weir, which is the largest multipurpose weir built on Nakdong River. A real bathymetry of the river and a geometry of the weir have been implemented into the numerical model. The numerical simulation is carried out with a real hydrograph at the upstream boundary. The bedmorphology obtained from the numerical results has been validated against field observation data, and a maximum of simulated scour depth is compared with the results obtained by empirical formulas of Hoffmans. Agreement between numerical computations, observed data and empirical formulas is judged to be satisfactory on all major comparisons. The outcome of this study does not only point out the locations where deposition and erosion might take place depending on the weir gate operation, but also analyzes the mechanism of formation and evolution of scour holes after the weir gates.

A Study On The Flow Characteristics Influenced By Hydraulic Structure At A Channel Junction

Natural riversare consisting of various networks as junction andstreams. And sediment and erosion are occurred by specific stream condition. When flood season,large discharge flew in the river and river bed changed by high flow velocity. Especially junction area’s flow characteristics are very complex. The purpose of this study is to analyze the flow characteristics in channel junction, which are most influenced by large discharge like flooding and input water from tributary. We investigate the flow characteristics by using hydrodynamics and transport module in MIKE 3 FM. MIKE 3 FM model was helpful tool to analysis 3D hydrodynamics, erosion and sediment effect from channel bed. We analyze flow characteristics at channel junction. Also we consider hydraulic structures like a bridge pier which is influencing flow characteristics like a flow velocity, water level, erosion and scour depth in channel bed. In the model, we controlled discharge condition according to Froude Number and reflect various grain diameter size and flow ratio change in main stream and tributary. In the result, flow velocity, water level, erosion and sediment depth are analyzed. Additionally, we suggest a these result relationship with equations. This study will help the understand flow characteristics and influence of hydraulic structure in channel junction. Acknowledgments This research was supported by a grant (12-TI-C01) from Advanced Water Management Research Program funded by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of Korean government.

City Of Toronto’S Approach On Implementing The New Federal Wastewater Effluent Regulations Using A GIS-Based Hydrologic And Hydraulic Model

Canada releases over 150 billion litres of untreated and undertreated wastewater into the water environment every year1. To clean up urban wastewater, new Federal Wastewater Systems Effluent Regulations (WSER) on establishing national baseline effluent quality standards that are achievable through secondary wastewater treatment were enacted on July 18, 2012. With respect to the wastewater from the combined sewer overflows (CSO), the Regulations require the municipalities to report the annual quantity and frequency of effluent discharges. The City of Toronto currently has about 300 CSO locations within an area of approximately 16,550 hectares. The total sewer length of the CSO area is about 3,450 km and the number of sewer manholes is about 51,100. A system-wide monitoring of all CSO locations has never been undertaken due to the cost and practicality. Instead, the City has relied on estimation methods and modelling approaches in the past to allow funds that would otherwise be used for monitoring to be applied to the reduction of the impacts of the CSOs. To fulfill the WSER requirements, the City is now undertaking a study in which GIS-based hydrologic and hydraulic modelling is the approach. Results show the usefulness of this for 1) determining the flows contributing to the combined sewer system in the local and trunk sewers for dry weather flow, wet weather flow, and snowmelt conditions; 2) assessing hydraulic grade line and surface water depth in all the local and trunk sewers under heavy rain events; 3) analysis of local and trunk sewer capacities for future growth; and 4) reporting of the annual quantity and frequency of CSOs as per the requirements in the new Regulations. This modelling approach has also allowed funds to be applied toward reducing and ultimately eliminating the adverse impacts of CSOs rather than expending resources on unnecessary and costly monitoring.