Zeros of classical orthogonal polynomials of a discrete variable

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Structures algébriques, systèmes superintégrables et polynômes orthogonaux

Cette thèse est divisée en cinq parties portant sur les thèmes suivants: l’interprétation physique et algébrique de familles de fonctions orthogonales multivariées et leurs applications, les systèmes quantiques superintégrables en deux et trois dimensions faisant intervenir des opérateurs de réflexion, la caractérisation de familles de polynômes orthogonaux appartenant au tableau de Bannai-Ito et l’examen des structures algébriques qui leurs sont associées, l’étude de la relation entre le recouplage de représentations irréductibles d’algèbres et de superalgèbres et les systèmes superintégrables, ainsi que l’interprétation algébrique de familles de polynômes multi-orthogonaux matriciels. Dans la première partie, on développe l’interprétation physico-algébrique des familles de polynômes orthogonaux multivariés de Krawtchouk, de Meixner et de Charlier en tant qu’éléments de matrice des représentations unitaires des groupes SO(d+1), SO(d,1) et E(d) sur les états d’oscillateurs. On détermine les amplitudes de transition entre les états de l’oscillateur singulier associés aux bases cartésienne et polysphérique en termes des polynômes multivariés de Hahn. On examine les coefficients 9j de su(1,1) par le biais du système superintégrable générique sur la 3-sphère. On caractérise les polynômes de q-Krawtchouk comme éléments de matrices des «q-rotations» de U_q(sl_2). On conçoit un réseau de spin bidimensionnel qui permet le transfert parfait d’états quantiques à l’aide des polynômes de Krawtchouk à deux variables et on construit un modèle discret de l’oscillateur quantique dans le plan à l’aide des polynômes de Meixner bivariés. Dans la seconde partie, on étudie les systèmes superintégrables de type Dunkl, qui font intervenir des opérateurs de réflexion. On examine l’oscillateur de Dunkl en deux et trois dimensions, l’oscillateur singulier de Dunkl dans le plan et le système générique sur la 2-sphère avec réflexions. On démontre la superintégrabilité de chacun de ces systèmes. On obtient leurs constantes du mouvement, on détermine leurs algèbres de symétrie et leurs représentations, on donne leurs solutions exactes et on détaille leurs liens avec les polynômes orthogonaux du tableau de Bannai-Ito. Dans la troisième partie, on caractérise deux familles de polynômes du tableau de Bannai-Ito: les polynômes de Bannai-Ito complémentaires et les polynômes de Chihara. On montre également que les polynômes de Bannai-Ito sont les coefficients de Racah de la superalgèbre osp(1,2). On détermine l’algèbre de symétrie des polynômes duaux -1 de Hahn dans le cadre du problème de Clebsch-Gordan de osp(1,2). On propose une q - généralisation des polynômes de Bannai-Ito en examinant le problème de Racah pour la superalgèbre quantique osp_q(1,2). Finalement, on montre que la q -algèbre de Bannai-Ito sert d’algèbre de covariance à osp_q(1,2). Dans la quatrième partie, on détermine le lien entre le recouplage de représentations des algèbres su(1,1) et osp(1,2) et les systèmes superintégrables du deuxième ordre avec ou sans réflexions. On étudie également les représentations des algèbres de Racah-Wilson et de Bannai-Ito. On montre aussi que l’algèbre de Racah-Wilson sert d’algèbre de covariance quadratique à l’algèbre de Lie sl(2). Dans la cinquième partie, on construit deux familles explicites de polynômes d-orthogonaux basées sur su(2). On étudie les états cohérents et comprimés de l’oscillateur fini et on caractérise une famille de polynômes multi-orthogonaux matriciels.

Orthogonal polynomials and recurrence equations, operator equations and factorization

This article surveys the classical orthogonal polynomial systems of the Hahn class, which are solutions of second-order differential, difference or q-difference equations. Orthogonal families satisfy three-term recurrence equations. Example applications of an algorithm to determine whether a three-term recurrence equation has solutions in the Hahn class - implemented in the computer algebra system Maple - are given. Modifications of these families, in particular associated orthogonal systems, satisfy fourth-order operator equations. A factorization of these equations leads to a solution basis.

Stieltjes functions and discrete classical orthogonal polynomials

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Combining Legendre's Polynomials and Genetic Algorithm in the Solution of Nonlinear Initial-Value Problems

This work develops a method for solving ordinary differential equations, that is, initial-value problems, with solutions approximated by using Legendre's polynomials. An iterative procedure for the adjustment of the polynomial coefficients is developed, based on the genetic algorithm. This procedure is applied to several examples providing comparisons between its results and the best polynomial fitting when numerical solutions by the traditional Runge-Kutta or Adams methods are available. The resulting algorithm provides reliable solutions even if the numerical solutions are not available, that is, when the mass matrix is singular or the equation produces unstable running processes.

Intermediate motions and dipolar couplings as studied by Lee-Goldburg cross-polarization NMR: Hartmann-Hahn matching profiles

In this article, we evaluate the use of simple Lee-Goldburg cross-polarization (LG-CP) NMR experiments for obtaining quantitative information of molecular motion in the intermediate regime. In particular, we introduce the measurement of Hartmann-Hahn matching profiles for the assessment of heteronuclear dipolar couplings as well as dynamics as a reliable and robust alternative to the more common analysis of build-up curves. We have carried out dynamic spin dynamics simulations in order to test the method's sensitivity to intermediate motion and address its limitations concerning possible experimental imperfections. We further demonstrate the successful use of simple theoretical concepts, most prominently Anderson-Weiss (AW) theory, to analyze the data. We further propose an alternative way to estimate activation energies of molecular motions, based upon the acquisition of only two LG-CP spectra per temperature at different temperatures. As experimental tests, molecular jumps in imidazole methyl sulfonate, trimethylsulfoxonium iodide, and bisphenol A polycarbonate were investigated with the new method.

Strong Grobner bases for polynomials over a principal ideal ring

Grobner bases have been generalised to polynomials over a commutative ring A in several ways. Here we focus on strong Grobner bases, also known as D-bases. Several authors have shown that strong Grobner bases can be effectively constructed over a principal ideal domain. We show that this extends to any principal ideal ring. We characterise Grobner bases and strong Grobner bases when A is a principal ideal ring. We also give algorithms for computing Grobner bases and strong Grobner bases which generalise known algorithms to principal ideal rings. In particular, we give an algorithm for computing a strong Grobner basis over a finite-chain ring, for example a Galois ring.

Subspace wavepacket evolution with Newton polynomials

Time-dependent wavepacket evolution techniques demand the action of the propagator, exp(-iHt/(h)over-bar), on a suitable initial wavepacket. When a complex absorbing potential is added to the Hamiltonian for combating unwanted reflection effects, polynomial expansions of the propagator are selected on their ability to cope with non-Hermiticity. An efficient subspace implementation of the Newton polynomial expansion scheme that requires fewer dense matrix-vector multiplications than its grid-based counterpart has been devised. Performance improvements are illustrated with some benchmark one and two-dimensional examples. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

On the permutation behaviour of Dickson polynomials of the second kind

The known permutation behaviour of the Dickson polynomials of the second kind in characteristic 3 is expanded and simplified. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA).

The compositional inverse of a class of permutation polynomials over a finite field

A new class of bilinear permutation polynomials was recently identified. In this note we determine the class of permutation polynomials which represents the functional inverse of the bilinear class.

On the requirements of interpolating polynomials for path motion constraints

In the framework of multibody dynamics, the path motion constraint enforces that a body follows a predefined curve being its rotations with respect to the curve moving frame also prescribed. The kinematic constraint formulation requires the evaluation of the fourth derivative of the curve with respect to its arc length. Regardless of the fact that higher order polynomials lead to unwanted curve oscillations, at least a fifth order polynomials is required to formulate this constraint. From the point of view of geometric control lower order polynomials are preferred. This work shows that for multibody dynamic formulations with dependent coordinates the use of cubic polynomials is possible, being the dynamic response similar to that obtained with higher order polynomials. The stabilization of the equations of motion, always required to control the constraint violations during long analysis periods due to the inherent numerical errors of the integration process, is enough to correct the error introduced by using a lower order polynomial interpolation and thus forfeiting the analytical requirement for higher order polynomials.

Recurrence relations for Clifford algebra-valued orthogonal polynomials

The theory of orthogonal polynomials of one real or complex variable is well established as well as its generalization for the multidimensional case. Hypercomplex function theory (or Clifford analysis) provides an alternative approach to deal with higher dimensions. In this context, we study systems of orthogonal polynomials of a hypercomplex variable with values in a Clifford algebra and prove some of their properties.

Ehrhart polynomials, successive minima, and an Ehrhart theory for rational dilates of a rational polytope

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Mathematik, Diss., 2011

Low autocorrelation sequences and flat polynomials

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Mathematik, Habil.-Schr., 2014