Video enforcement for HOV lanes: field test results for the I-30 HOV lane in Dallas.

Texas Department of Transportation, Austin

Optimal detector locations for HOV lane operations.

Texas Department of Transportation, Austin

High occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane marketing manual : final report /

"DOT-T-95-04."

The effect of motorcycle travel on the safety and operations of HOV facilities in Virginia. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C.

Tactical driver lane change model using forward search

This paper describes the development and evaluation of a tactical lane change model using the forward search algorithm, for use in a traffic simulator. The tactical lane change model constructs a set of possible choices of near-term maneuver sequences available to the driver and selects the lane change action at the present time to realize the best maneuver plan. Including near term maneuver planning in the driver behavior model can allow a better representation of the complex interactions in situations such as a weaving section and high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane systems where drivers must weave across several lanes in order to access the HOV lanes. To support the investigation, a longitudinal control model and a basic lane change model were also analyzed. The basic lane change model is similar to those used by today's commonly-used traffic simulators. Parameters in all models were best-fit estimated for selected vehicles from a real-world freeway vehicle trajectory data set. The best-fit estimation procedure minimizes the discrepancy between the model vehicle and real vehicle's trajectories. With the best fit parameters, the proposed tactical lane change model gave a better overall performance for a greater number of cases than the basic lane change model.

一类载人潜水器推进系统特性的软测量研究

为了满足载人潜水器(human occupied vehicle，HOV)水下作业时动力定位的控制精度要求，需对HOV的推进系统进行深入研究.针对螺旋桨驱动HOV推进系统的一体化驱动方式，采用图像处理、曲线拟合、二维曲面拟合等软测量方法将各条离散的推力曲线拟合为光滑连续的二维曲面模型，同时基于数论知识对该种一体化推进系统的逆问题--控制问题进行了探讨.HOV半物理仿真试验验证了上述模型的有效性和正确性。

自适应LQR方法在载人潜水器动力定位中的应用研究

根据我国正在研制开发的某深海载人潜水器的特性及其对载人潜水器动力定位控制的要求,采用最优控制方法LQR与递推辨识系统参数相结合的方法———自适应LQR方法进行控制。仿真结果表明这种方法具有良好的控制效果。

Seroepidemiology of norovirus-associated travelers' diarrhea

Background: Noroviruses (NoVs) are the most common cause of epidemic gastroenteritis, responsible for at least 50% of all gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide and were recently identified as a leading cause of travelers' diarrhea (TD) in US and European travelers to Mexico, Guatemala, and India.

Methods: Serum and diarrheic stool samples were collected from 75 US student travelers to Cuernavaca, Mexico, who developed TD. NoV RNA was detected in acute diarrheic stool samples using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Serology assays were performed using GI.1 Norwalk virus (NV) and GII.4 Houston virus (HOV) virus-like particles (VLPs) to measure serum levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG by dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluorescent immunoassay (DELFIA); serum IgM was measured by capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the 50% antibody-blocking titer (BT50 ) was determined by a carbohydrate-blocking assay.

Results: NoV infection was identified in 12 (16%; 9 GI-NoV and 3 GII-NoV) of 75 travelers by either RT-PCR or fourfold or more rise in antibody titer. Significantly more individuals had detectable preexisting IgA antibodies against HOV (62/75, 83%) than against NV (49/75, 65%) (p = 0.025) VLPs. A significant difference was observed between NV- and HOV-specific preexisting IgA antibody levels (p = 0.0037), IgG (p = 0.003), and BT50 (p = <0.0001). None of the NoV-infected TD travelers had BT50  > 200, a level that has been described previously as a possible correlate of protection.

Conclusion: We found that GI-NoVs are commonly associated with TD cases identified in US adults traveling to Mexico, and seroprevalence rates and geometric mean antibody levels to a GI-NoV were lower than to a GII-NoV strain.

A Travel Optimization System for Academic Environments

Carpooling initiated in America in the 1970s due to the oil crisis. However, over the past years, carpooling has increased significantly across the world. Some countries have created a High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lane to encourage commuters not to travel alone. In additional, carpool websites has been developed to facilitate the connection between the commuters, making it possible to create a compatible match in a faster and efficient manner. This project focuses on carpooling, especially in an academic environment since younger people are more likely to choose carpool. Initially, an intense research was made to examine carpool studies that occurred all over the world, following with a research of higher education institutes that use carpooling as a transportation mode. Most websites created carpools by targeting people from a specific country. These commuters have different origins and destinations making it more complicated to create compatible matches. The objective of this project is to develop a system helping teachers and students from an academic environment to create carpool matches. This objective makes it easier to create carpools because these students and teachers have the same destination. During the research, it was essential to explore, as many as possible, existing carpool websites that are available across the world. After this analysis, several sketches were made to develop the layout and structure of the web application that’s being implemented throughout the project. Once the layout was established, the development of the web application was initiated. This project had its ups and downs but it accomplished all the necessary requirements. This project can be accessed on the link: http://ipcacarpool.somee.com. Once the website was up and running, a web-based survey was developed to study the reasons that motivate people to consider carpooling as an alternative to driving alone. To develop this survey was used a tool called Survey Planet. This survey contained 408 respondents, which 391 are students and 17 are teachers. This study concludes that a majority of the respondents don’t carpool, however they will consider carpooling if there was a dedicated parking space. A majority of the respondents that carpool initiated less than a year ago, indicating that this mean of transportation is recent.

An earth-system prediction initiative for the twenty-first century

The necessity and benefits for establishing the international Earth-system Prediction Initiative (EPI) are discussed by scientists associated with the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) World Weather Research Programme (WWRP), World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), International Geosphere–Biosphere Programme (IGBP), Global Climate Observing System (GCOS), and natural-hazards and socioeconomic communities. The proposed initiative will provide research and services to accelerate advances in weather, climate, and Earth system prediction and the use of this information by global societies. It will build upon the WMO, the Group on Earth Observations (GEO), the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) and the International Council for Science (ICSU) to coordinate the effort across the weather, climate, Earth system, natural-hazards, and socioeconomic disciplines. It will require (i) advanced high-performance computing facilities, supporting a worldwide network of research and operational modeling centers, and early warning systems; (ii) science, technology, and education projects to enhance knowledge, awareness, and utilization of weather, climate, environmental, and socioeconomic information; (iii) investments in maintaining existing and developing new observational capabilities; and (iv) infrastructure to transition achievements into operational products and services.

Production sharing, demand spillovers and CO2 emissions : the case of Chinese regions in GVCs

This study adopts the perspective of demand spillovers to provide new insights regarding Chinese domestic-regions' production position in global value chains and their associated CO2 emissions. To this end, we constructed a new type of World Input-Output Database in which China's domestic interregional input-output table for 2007 is endogenously embedded. Then, the pattern of China's regional demand spillovers across both domestic regions and countries are revealed by employing this new database. These results were further connected to endowments theory, which help to make sense of the empirical results. It is found that China's regions locate relatively upstream in GVCs, and had CO2 emissions in net exports, which were entirely predicted by the environmental extended HOV model. Our study points to micro policy instruments to combat climate change, for example, the tax reform for energy inputs that helps to change the production pattern thus has impact on trade pattern and so forth.

Vízlábnyom: a fenntarthatóság egy új mérőszáma?

Az emberiség egyik létmeghatározó eleme a víz, amit számos formában használhatnak: ivóvízként, elfogyasztott élelmiszertermékeink előállításához, részben a termesztéskor, részben a termékké alakításkor, a közlekedésben, de az egészséges környezet kialakításához is. A víz szűkös erőforrássá válása évtizedek óta téma, azonban ezt csak átfogóan, a felhasznált vízmennyiség egésze és a vízminőség alakulása/alakítása szempontjából vizsgálták, és kisebb hangsúlyt fektettek arra, hogy részleteiben hová is kerül a víz. Ez a téma globálisan is és egy-egy régió fenntarthatóságának is döntő eleme lehet. A kép árnyalásának egyik eszköze lehet a virtuális víz (Allen, 1993) és a vízlábnyom (Hoekstra, 2003) vizsgálata. A tanulmányban részben a két, viszonylag újnak tekinthető fogalom bemutatását tűztük ki célul, valamint annak a kérdésnek a megválaszolását, hogy egy ország gazdasági fejlettsége és vízfelhasználása között milyen összefüggés írható le, hiszen ez a jövőbeli életet jelentősen befolyásolhatja. Nem tehetünk teljesen egyértelmű kijelentéseket a gazdasági fejlettség és a vízlábnyom viszonyának leírására, azonban az empirikusan is alátámasztható véleményünk kialakításához megvizsgáltuk a két mutató közötti kapcsolat lehetséges irányait. Javaslatokat fogalmaztunk meg Magyarországra vonatkozóan abból a szempontból, hogy vízi erőforrásainkat hogyan hasznosíthatnák a jövőben, a fenntarthatósághoz kapcsolódóan. Cikkünkben először az elméleti hátteret mutatjuk be, részben a vízlábnyom és a virtuális víz meghatározásán keresztül, részben annak demonstrálásával, milyen vonatkozásban alkalmazták az eddigiekben ezeket a fogalmakat. A következő részben elemzéseinket tekintjük át, külön az adatokat és külön az eredményeket. Az eredmények értelmezése során arra keressük a választ, mennyire lehet hasznos ez a megközelítés hazánk vagy hazánk egyes régiói számára a fenntarthatóság szempontjából.