Aplicação do modelo HDM-4 na previsão do IRI para pavimentos rodoviários da rede nacional

Os modelos de previsão da degradação dos pavimentos são um elemento-chave para os sistemas de gestão dos pavimentos sendo utilizados para prever a evolução das suas condições de circulação. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estabelecer um modelo de previsão da evolução do indice de irregularidade longitudinal (IRI), principal indicador da qualidade funcional de um pavimento. Para tal, foram utilizados dados da base de dados da empresa Infraestrutruras de Portugal (IP). Esta mantém um programa de monitorização da rede com o objetivo de controlar a qualidade de serviço e gerir de forma consciente os recursos disponíveis. O modelo HDM-4 foi implementado em código do programa Matlab com o objetivo de apoiar este estudo. Primeiro, procedeu-se à avaliação da forma com que os parâmetros do modelo HDM-4 atuam sobre o valor do IRI no modelo HDM-4. Posteriormente, procurou-se ajustar os resultados obtidos efetuando calibrações, com o intuito de minimizar o erro entre os valores calculados e os valores medidos pela IP. Concluiu-se que é possível estabelecer modelos com base no modelo HDM-4, em pavimentos flexíveis, ajustados à rede rodoviária nacional. No entanto, para serem incluidos fatores que deveriam ser contabilizados no modelo, deverão ser realizadas algumas alterações na base de dados a utilizar.

Previsão de irregularidade pós-recape em rodovias do RS : ajuste no modelo HDM-4

Esta dissertação analisa a evolução da irregularidade longitudinal de pavimentos, devida à execução de recapes em concreto asfáltico. Consideraram-se nove trechos de rodovias, totalizando aproximadamente 265 km, com estruturas representativas da malha viária do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Registraram-se irregularidades antes e após o recape, e as reduções medidas foram comparadas com valores previstos pelos modelos linear e bilinear propostos pelo programa HDM-4 do Banco Mundial. As diferenças entre reduções previstas e medidas alertaram para a necessidade de ajuste dos modelos em alguns casos, levando em conta as estruturas dos pavimentos e as espessuras de recape analisadas. Propõe-se nesta dissertação valores para os parâmetros ajustáveis dos modelos, com cuja aplicação foram minimizadas as diferenças entre as reduções medidas e previstas. De forma complementar, desenvolveu-se um estudo de sensibilidade para determinar o efeito que as diferenças, por ventura existentes, entre espessuras projetadas e executadas de recape poderiam ter na redução da irregularidade. Também, por meio de uma análise estatística, obteve-se um modelo para previsão da redução da irregularidade em função da espessura do recape e da irregularidade anterior à execução do mesmo.

Manual para la evaluación de proyectos de vías nacionales y regionales mediante el uso del programa HDM: the Highway Design and Maintenance Standard Model

Incluye Bibliografía

The SRI hierarchical development methodology (HDM) and its application to the development of secure software /

Item 247.

Análise custo-benefício de infra-estruturas rodoviárias: metodologias de implementação

Na sequência das preocupações de ausência dos custos externos na análise de projectos rodoviários, foram realizados diversos estudos (EUNET/SASI, FISCUS, HEATCO, PETS, UNITE, GRACE, IMPACT) com vista a identificar e quantificar os impactes reais das actividades de transporte rodoviário. Nesses projectos foram apresentadas diversas metodologias para quantificação dos custos e também benefícios associados aos sistemas de transporte, nomeadamente das infra-estruturas rodoviárias. Para o efeito foram analisadas várias categorias de custo (custos da infra-estrutura, custos do congestionamento, custos da operação dos veículos, custos dos acidentes, custos do ruído, custos da poluição atmosférica, custos do aquecimento global). Nesta dissertação utilizou-se cinco modelos de determinação de custos de infra-estruturas rodoviárias que posteriormente foram calibrados ao caso português para aplicação em estudo de casos em Portugal de duas formas, avaliação de projectos de infra-estruturas rodoviárias e identificação e fixação de preços, nomeadamente associados às portagens. A avaliação de projectos de infra-estruturas rodoviárias foi realizada através da utilização de indicadores de custos totais e médios, utilizando para o efeito dois modelos: o HDM-4 – Highway Development and Management (PIARC, 2001) e o COBA – Cost Benefit Analysis (TRL, 2004) que utilizam custos totais e um modelo proposto pelo autor com base numa síntese e adaptação de submodelos desenvolvidos nos projectos europeus já referidos que utiliza custos médios. A análise associada à identificação dos custos marginais relevantes para a fixação de preços foi realizada através do modelo desenvolvido no projecto europeu, GRACE – Generalisation of Research on Accounts and Cost Estimation (ITS et al., 2008), e de um modelo proposto pelo autor. Após a adaptação e/ou construção dos modelos, estes foram aplicados ao estudo de três situações específicas em infra-estruturas rodoviárias nacionais. Referem-se intervenções na estrada nacional EN125 que liga Vila do Bispo a Vila Real de Santo António (no Algarve), na auto-estrada A7 que liga Póvoa de Varzim a Vila Pouca de Aguiar (Norte de Portugal) e na auto-estrada A9 que liga o Estádio Nacional em Oeiras a Alverca (região de Lisboa).

Topics regarding access to european information institutions: European Union so close and yet so far

From the 1990s, the Parliament, the Council and the European Commission adopted a new approach to disclosure of their working papers. Legal instruments to regulate and allow a fairly broad access to internal working documents of these institutions were created. European institutions also exploited the potential of Information and Communication Technologies, developing new instruments to register the documents produced and make them accessible to the public. The commitment to transparency sought to shows a more credible European government, and reduces the democratic deficit. However, the data analysis regarding access to EU institutions documents shows that general public is still far from direct contact with European bodies.

Contribuição para o desenvolvimento de modelos de previsão de fendilhamento de pavimentos rodoviários

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Bronchial Asthma in Children: Clinical and Epidemiologic Approach in Different Portuguese Speaking Countries

BACKGROUND: Geographical differences in asthma prevalence are currently accepted, but evidence is sparse due to the lack of multicentre studies using the same protocol. OBJECTIVES: To compare the prevalence of asthma and atopy among schoolchildren from Portuguese speaking countries (ISAAC and Portuguese Study) and evaluate some environmental variables, such as house dust mite exposure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Significant random samples of schoolchildren studied with standard validated methods--questionnaires, skin prick tests, methacholine bronchial challenge tests; dust bed sampling for analysis of mite antigens. RESULTS: In the ISAAC study, in the 13-14 year-old age group, statistical significant differences were found, with higher wheezing prevalence in Brazil than in Portugal (two-fold). In the Portuguese Study, atopy prevalence ranged between 6.0 and 11.9% in Sal and S. Vicente (Cape Verde), up to 48.6 and 54.1% in Macau and Madeira. Active asthma had the higher values in Madeira (14.6%), and the lower in Macau (1.3%). Cape Verde had intermediate asthma prevalence (10.6 and 7.0%). The bronchial challenge test was positive in 25, 66 and 70% of asthmatic children from Sal, S. Vicente and Madeira respectively. Significant HDM antigen concentrations (Der p1) were found in Cape Verde and Madeira. CONCLUSIONS: There are significant variations in asthma and atopy prevalence between these pediatric populations. The reasons remain under discussion, but genetics linked to race, seem to play a central role, modulated by environmental and lifestyle variables.

Regulatory Cells, Cytokine Pattern and Clinical Risk Factors for Asthma in Infants and Young Children with Recurrent Wheeze

Several risk factors for asthma have been identified in infants and young children with recurrent wheeze. However, published literature has reported contradictory findings regarding the underlying immunological mechanisms. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to assess and compare the immunological status during the first 2 years in steroid-naive young children with >or= three episodes of physician-confirmed wheeze (n=50), with and without clinical risk factors for developing subsequent asthma (i.e. parental asthma or a personal history of eczema and/or two of the following: wheezing without colds, a personal history of allergic rhinitis and peripheral blood eosinophilia >4%), with age-matched healthy controls (n=30). METHODS: Peripheral blood CD4(+)CD25(+) and CD4(+)CD25(high) T cells and their cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), GITR and Foxp3 expression were analysed by flow cytometry. Cytokine (IFN-gamma, TGF-beta and IL-10), CTLA-4 and Foxp3 mRNA expression were evaluated (real-time PCR) after peripheral blood mononuclear cell stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (24 h) and house dust mite (HDM) extracts (7th day). RESULTS: Flow cytometry results showed a significant reduction in the absolute number of CD4(+)CD25(high) and the absolute and percentage numbers of CD4(+)CD25(+)CTLA-4(+) in wheezy children compared with healthy controls. Wheezy children at a high risk of developing asthma had a significantly lower absolute number of CD4(+)CD25(+) (P=0.01) and CD4(+)CD25(high) (P=0.04), compared with those at a low risk. After PMA stimulation, CTLA-4 (P=0.03) and Foxp3 (P=0.02) expression was diminished in wheezy children compared with the healthy children. After HDM stimulation, CTLA-4 (P=0.03) and IFN-gamma (P=0.04) expression was diminished in wheezy children compared with healthy children. High-risk children had lower expression of IFN-gamma (P=0.03) compared with low-risk and healthy children and lower expression of CTLA-4 (P=0.01) compared with healthy children. CONCLUSIONS: Although our findings suggest that some immunological parameters are impaired in children with recurrent wheeze, particularly with a high risk for asthma, further studies are needed in order to assess their potential as surrogate predictor factors for asthma in early life.

Modelos de previsão da degradação de pavimentos: parâmetro IRI

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Modelos de previsão de rodeiras em pavimentos rodoviários

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil – Perfil Geotecnia

Cancer genes hypermethylated in human embryonic stem cells.

Developmental genes are silenced in embryonic stem cells by a bivalent histone-based chromatin mark. It has been proposed that this mark also confers a predisposition to aberrant DNA promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in cancer. We report here that silencing of a significant proportion of these TSGs in human embryonic and adult stem cells is associated with promoter DNA hypermethylation. Our results indicate a role for DNA methylation in the control of gene expression in human stem cells and suggest that, for genes repressed by promoter hypermethylation in stem cells in vivo, the aberrant process in cancer could be understood as a defect in establishing an unmethylated promoter during differentiation, rather than as an anomalous process of de novo hypermethylation.

Correlation of Der p 2 T-cell responses with clinical characteristics of children allergic to house dust mite.

BACKGROUND: An understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the development and maintenance of allergic inflammation and their clinical implications is needed to develop specific and successful treatment for allergy. OBJECTIVES: To characterize in vitro T-cell responses to Der p 2, one of the major allergens of house dust mite (HDM), and investigate potential correlations between clinical and laboratory parameters. METHODS: Forty-two patients monosensitized to HDM and 10 age-matched, healthy children were studied. Dendritic cells pulsed with Der p 2 were used to stimulate autologous CD14(-) cells. Der p 2-specific T-cell activation markers, proliferation, and cytokine production profiles were examined. RESULTS: Der p 2-specific T-cell activation markers, proliferation, and T(H)2 cytokine production were significantly higher in HDM patients compared with healthy controls. Moreover, a significant correlation between proliferation and T(H)2 cytokine production was observed. Within the allergic group, skin reaction to HDM was significantly stronger in patients with a Der p 2-specific T-cell response. Levels of HDM-specific IgE directly correlated with interleukin 5 and interleukin 13 levels and with skin prick test results and, ultimately, with the patient's family history of allergy. Furthermore, the presence of atopic march correlated with T-cell proliferation. CONCLUSION: We found that, in HDM patients, Der p 2-specific T(H)2 responses, promoted by autologous dendritic cells in vitro, correlate with clinical parameters.

Sporadic late-onset nemaline myopathy with MGUS: Long-term follow-up after melphalan and SCT.

OBJECTIVE: Sporadic late-onset nemaline myopathy (SLONM) is a rare, late-onset myopathy that progresses subacutely. If associated with a monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS), the outcome is unfavorable: the majority of these patients die within 1 to 5 years of respiratory failure. This study aims to qualitatively assess the long-term treatment effect of high-dose melphalan (HDM) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT) in a series of 8 patients with SLONM-MGUS. METHODS: We performed a retrospective case series study (n = 8) on the long-term (1-8 years) treatment effect of HDM followed by autologous SCT (HDM-SCT) on survival, muscle strength, and functional capacities. RESULTS: Seven patients showed a lasting moderate-good clinical response, 2 of them after the second HDM-SCT. All of them had a complete, a very good partial, or a partial hematologic response. One patient showed no clinical or hematologic response and died. CONCLUSIONS: This case series shows the positive effect of HDM-SCT in this rare disorder. Factors that may portend an unfavorable outcome are a long disease course before the hematologic treatment and a poor hematologic response. Age at onset, level and type of M protein (κ vs λ), and severity of muscle weakness were not associated with a specific outcome. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class IV evidence that for patients with SLONM-MGUS, HDM-SCT increases the probability of survival and functional improvement.

Help Desk Manager : aplicació Android per a la gestió d’incidències

HDM, Help Desk Manager és una aplicació android que permet crear i gestionar les incidències que es presenten en una empresa.