Tourism and the precautionary principle : a survey of academic and government stakeholders

The purpose of this exploratory investigation was to provide a more precise understanding and basis from which to assess the potential role of the precautionary principle in tourism. The precautionary principle, analogous to the ideal of sustainable development, is a future-focused planning and regulatory mechanism that emphasizes pro-action and recognizes the limitations of contemporary scientific methods. A total of 100 respondents (80 tourism academics, 20 regional government tourism officials) from Canada, United States, United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand completed the webbased survey between May and June 2003. Respondents reported their understanding of the precautionary principle, rated stakeholder involvement and education strategies, assessed potential barriers in implementation, and appraised steps of a proposed fi-amework for implementation. Due to low sub sample numbers, measures of central tendency were primarily used to compare groups, while inferential statistics were applied when warranted. Results indicated that most respondents (79%) felt the principle could be a guiding principle for tourism, while local and regional government entities were reported to have the most power in the implementation process. Findings suggested close links between the precautionary principle and sustainability, as concern for future generations was the most critical element of the principle for tourism. Overall, tourism academics were more supportive of the precautionary principle in tourism than were regional government tourism officials. Only minor variation was found in responses among regional groups across all variables. This study established basic ground for understanding the precautionary principle in tourism and has been effective in formulating more precise questions for future research.

Factors Affecting the Adoption of New Technology: the case of 311 Government Call Centers

Government call centers (311) were first created to reduce the volume of non-emergency calls that were being placed to emergency 911 call centers. The number of 311 call centers increased from 57 in 2008 to about 300 in 2013. Considering that there are over 2,700 municipal government units across the United States, the adoption rate of the 311 centers is arguably low in the country. This dissertation is an examination of the adoption of 311 call centers by municipal governments. My focus is specifically on why municipal governments adopt 311 and identifying which barriers result in the non-adoption of 311 call centers. This dissertation is possibly the first study to examine the adoption of 311 call centers in the United States. The dissertation study has identified several significant factors in the adoption and non-adoption of 311 government call centers. The following factors were significant in the adoption of 311 government call centers: managerial support, financial constraints, organizational responsiveness, strategic plan placement, and technology champion. The following factors were significant barriers that resulted in the non-adoption of a 311 government call center; no demand from citizens, start up costs, annual operating costs, unavailability of funding, and no obvious need for one.If local government entities that do not have a 311 government call center decide to adopt one, this study will help them identify the conditions that need to be in place for successful adoption to occur. Local government officials would first need to address the barriers in setting up the 311 call centers.

Factors affecting the adoption of new technology: The case of 311 government call centers

Government call centers (311) were first created to reduce the volume of non-emergency calls that were being placed to emergency 911 call centers. The number of 311 call centers increased from 57 in 2008 to about 300 in 2013. Considering that there are over 2,700 municipal government units across the United States, the adoption rate of the 311 centers is arguably low in the country. This dissertation is an examination of the adoption of 311 call centers by municipal governments. My focus is specifically on why municipal governments adopt 311 and identifying which barriers result in the non-adoption of 311 call centers. This dissertation is possibly the first study to examine the adoption of 311 call centers in the United States. ^ The dissertation study has identified several significant factors in the adoption and non-adoption of 311 government call centers. The following factors were significant in the adoption of 311 government call centers: managerial support, financial constraints, organizational responsiveness, strategic plan placement, and technology champion. The following factors were significant barriers that resulted in the non-adoption of a 311 government call center; no demand from citizens, start up costs, annual operating costs, unavailability of funding, and no obvious need for one. ^ If local government entities that do not have a 311 government call center decide to adopt one, this study will help them identify the conditions that need to be in place for successful adoption to occur. Local government officials would first need to address the barriers in setting up the 311 call centers. ^

Validador de políticas de acceso abierto

MELIBEA és un directori i validador de polítiques en favor de l'accés obert a la producció científico-acadèmica. Com a directori, descriu les polítiques institucionals existents relacionades amb l'accés obert (AO) a la producció científica i acadèmica. Com a validador, les sotmet a una anàlisi qualitatiu i quantitatiu basat en el compliment d'un conjunt d'indicadors que reflecteixen les bases en què es fonamenta una política institucional. El validador indica una puntuació i un percentatge de compliment per a cada una de les polítiques analitzades. Això es realitza a partir dels valors assignats a certs indicadors i la seva ponderació en funció de la seva importància relativa. La suma dels valors ponderats de cadascun dels indicadors s'ajusta a una escala percentual i condueix al que hem anomenat "Percentatge validat d'accés obert", el càlcul del qual s'exposa en l'apartat de Metodologia. Els tipus d'institucions que s'analitzen són universitats, centres de recerca, agències finançadores i organitzacions governamentals.

Governor's Task Force on Dependent Adults with Mental Retardation Final Report, 2009

On February 17, 2009, Governor Culver signed Executive Order No. 11 to create a Task Force on Dependent Adults with Mental Retardation. The executive order charges the Task Force with the responsibility of recommending steps to strengthen and improve state laws and regulations on the care and treatment of dependent adults with mental retardation. The Final Report includes recommendations that establish or improve systems of coordination between government entities. The report includes a series of proposals from the Department of Human Services (DHS) that redesign the adult abuse assessment process that are necessary for long-term reform. Included in them is a proposal to enhance a community’s capacity to provide a safety net of services, as well as formal and informal supports for vulnerable adults through partnerships among multiple local stakeholders.

Inovação & propriedade industrial & indústria química

ABSTRACT The main aim of this paper was to contribute to reflections in Brazil on the need to transfer knowledge held at universities and R&D institutions over to companies, i.e. to transfer scientific knowledge of chemistry to technology. It discusses how the competitiveness of countries is increasingly dependent on their technological capacity. The chemicals industry is a fundamental driver of social, environmental, economic and industrial indicators of sustainable development. In Brazil, the chemicals industry's deficit has grown over the last three decades. Patents are important sources of information because patent documents contain 75% of all technological information available. The National Institute of Industrial Property in Brazil has created a Technology Observatory with the purpose of identifying and analyzing technological information contained in patent documents within the ambit of partnerships with government entities or business associations, in order to support their technology-related decision-making processes. The paper gives examples of ethanol and biotechnology patent documents, including pharmaceuticals, of which there are very few in Brazil. However, a few of the patent applications identified are filed in Brazil, giving the country the opportunity to transform this scientific knowledge into technology by means of partnership agreements with companies. Finally, the paper presents information on the patent applications filed by the world's leading chemicals companies as measured by their revenues, and the respective numbers of patent applications in the last five years in organic chemistry and polymers, sectors in which Brazil is currently dependent on imports for over 50% of its needs. The patent assignees in these sectors in Brazil are also identified, and the paper concludes that Brazil needs to invest in the development of professionals, providing clearly-defined career paths in technology innovation teams at R&D institutions, and to foster more initiatives such as the creation of a new research and innovation entity, EMBRAPII, since investing in science and technology is a prerequisite for knowledge production, industrial property, economic development and, consequently, the competitiveness of the country.

La gente de nadie : desplazamiento forzado

El fenómeno del desplazamiento forzado por la violencia en Colombia se ha convertido en una constante para muchos de los habitantes de este país. La gente de Nadie:Desplazamiento forzado, cuenta la historia de Diana, una mujer que tuvo que salir de su tierra en el departamento del Tolima, para llegar a Bogotá, capital de Colombia a intentar comenzar de nuevo con su vida. Conseguir trabajo es lo más complicado. Capacitarse para hacer faroles se convertiría en un buen comienzo para sacar adelante a sus 5 hijos y sin ayuda eficiente del gobierno. El 10 de diciembre de 2008 se llevó a cabo la marcha “Corre por la vida”, miles de bogotanos salieron a marchar por los desplazados y prendieron un farol hecho por Diana y por 50 mujeres más que se encuentran en su misma situación. De la mano de esta historia entes gubernamentales, no gubernamentales y algunas personalidades de la política en Colombia, hablan sobre los avances y puntos débiles de la ayuda a la población en situación en desplazamiento.

Proyecto de participación en los canales de distribución (relación proveedor – distribuidor: clientes intermedios) en el mercado de comercialización de equipos de protección personal (EPP´s) en las ciudades de Bogotá y Medellín

El trabajo de grado fue inspirado en la primera experiencia laboral del autor en Proaño Representaciones, una empresa comercializadora del Equipos de Protección Personal (EPP’s) y seguridad industrial en Quito, Ecuador. Durante la primera etapa de esta experiencia se pudo ser parte de diferentes iniciativas, especialmente en el tema de la gestión de la comercialización, dentro de ellas se evidenciaba el interés de la empresas por introducirse en le mercado de la seguridad ocupacional en los países vecinos, Colombia y Perú. De la mano de lo anterior, se le presento a la empresa una propuesta donde se planteaba hacer una investigación de mercados en el sector de la salud ocupacional en las principales ciudades de Colombia, Bogotá y Medellín, la iniciativa en un principio tenia dos frentes, la intervención en los canales de distribución (pequeños distribuidores y fabricantes) y por otro lado la participación en contrataciones estatales. Pero a lo largo del desarrollo de la iniciativa se replanteo la iniciativa, los dos ejes no podían ser trabajados simultáneamente, se decidió que fueran pasos a seguir, ósea, en un principio intervenir los canales de distribución en Bogotá y Medellín, y después la participación en la contracción estatal. Durante el desarrollo de este trabajo de grado se tuvo la oportunidad de ser parte de círculos de aprendizaje especializados, visitas a empresas protagonistas del sector como por ejemplo ARSEG, todo lo anterior se llevo a cabo tanto en la ciudad de Bogotá y Medellín. Igualmente desarrollar esta iniciativa permitió un acercamiento a entidades de gobierno como lo fue el Ministerio del Trabajo.

Estudio de pre-factibilidad para ampliar la planta de lácteos de la Cooperativa Coagroles en Sesquilé, Cundinamarca

El estudio de pre-factibilidad para ampliar la planta de lácteos de la cooperativa Coagroles en el municipio de Sesquilé, ubicado en Cundinamarca, surgió con el fin de aportar a los miembros de la cooperativa desde una punto de vista académico, cómo pueden tener un mejor desempeño en las labores para que el funcionamiento de la Cooperativa sea exitoso. Al notar que los asociados de Coagroles han mostrado el interés por este proyecto, nosotros como estudiantes de Administración de Negocios Internacionales y Administración en Logística y Producción, hemos puesto nuestros conocimientos a una investigación, donde se han analizado tanto fortalezas como debilidades con el fin de encontrar alternativas y opciones para mejorar la situación actual como es la producción y enfriamiento de la leche. Teniendo como objetivo el incremento en los ingresos económicos de la cooperativa Coagroles. Este es un trabajo realizado en alianza con una entidad educativa, en este caso Universidad del Rosario y entidades del Gobierno, donde juntos son los encargados del desarrollo integrar de todo el país. Busca brindar a la ciudadanía oportunidades de mejora y progreso en las actividades económicas que realizan. Actualmente, se vive una situación de complejidad en los mercados, donde cada día son más exigentes, teniendo en cuenta que los pequeños productores deben ir fortaleciéndose para competir con otras entidades no solo a nivel nacional sino próximamente a nivel internacional.

Realidad empresarial. Gobierno vs las Pymes en el uso de la información para el desarrollo administrativo internacional y logístico

En el transcurso del desarrollos de este trabajo se puede observar el análisis del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística en Colombia (DANE), La Dirección de Impuestos y Aduanas Nacionales DIAN, el Departamento Nacional de Planeación DNP, La Superintendencia de Sociedades y Cámara de comercio) para entender si estas en un entorno actual a la realidad empresarial están ayudando o no a las PYMES en Colombia. Entiendo si presentan un buen servicio informativo para el apoyo estratégico y productivo desde la creación de estas mismas. Así mismo se analiza las puntos positivos y negativos que cada entidad representa hacia las PYMES y como es la percepción que las empresas tiene de las entidades gubernamentales, para lograr establecer las mejoras posibles, con el fin de manejar un mejor camino a mejorar el vínculo Logístico y administrativo en el entorno empresarial del sector privado y gubernamental.

Organização administrativa brasileira: quadro atual e propostas acerca da estruturação de entidades vocacionais ao desenvolvimento de políticas de estado, não subordinadas ao poder público central

o objeto da presente pesquisa é evidenciar o padrão de Estado Regulador brasileiro, sua complexidade e o modelo adotado, em parte, na década de 90, para a sua implementação, notadamente com a criação de algumas autarquias especiais dotadas de autonomia funcional diferenciada em relação ao Poder Público central. Examinando os motivos e a forma adotada para a estruturação dessas entidades reguladoras, no bojo de uma tentativa de reformar a organização administrativa, sob a forma gerencial, pretende-se analisar se esse caminho deve ser trilhado, ainda que em parte, para outros setores. A análise envolve a possível redefinição da divisão de tarefas e competências entre "entidades de Governo" e entes públicos cuja missão requer continuidade ("órgãos de Estado"), especialmente, nos casos de alternância do poder. Pretende-se contribuir para a estruturação de entidades vocacionadas para o desenvolvimento de políticas de Estado.

As ações de controle da tuberculose na atenção primária à saúde: a visão do doente

Tuberculosis is a disease of great impact on the world context today. In Brazil, the disease management was directed to the Primary Health Care, due to the determination of the Ministry of Health to decentralize health actions for primary care. Thus, since the actions of diagnosis, treatment and control of the disease should happen in this context, however, there are still many barriers that may hinder the realization of these determinations. This study aims to analyze the development of tuberculosis control activities conducted in the services of primary health care from the patient's vision. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study. The population consists of 517 tuberculosis patients treated in units of Primary Health Care in the city of Natal-RN; the sample consists of 93 TB patients. The collect instrument is structured, based in The Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCAT), validated in Brazil and adapted to assess attention to TB in Brazil, with modifications. This instrument was divided into blocks: the first one describes the socio-demographic information of patients with TB and the second one describes the health services working in control, diagnosis and treatment of TB, and includes issues related to the dimensions of primary care: access, bond, services, coordination of care, guidance to the community and family focus. For quantitative analysis, were built indicators for each item of the instrument. The response patterns are followed according to the Likert scale, which was assigned a value between one and five meant that the degree of preference relation (or agreement) of the statements. Values between 1 and 3 were considered unsatisfactory for the indicator, between 3 and less than 4, regular, and between 4 and 5, satisfactory. The results indicate that 62.37% of patients are male, 27.96% aged 41 to 50 years old, and 34.41% unemployed, with low education and low family income. It was found that the reference hospital services are the front door to the patient (59.14%), and are also the local diagnosis of the disease (72.04%). On access, the conditions satisfactory found are: the number of times the patients need to pick up the health care issue, the marking and the facility to get a consultancy in the HS, assistance provided without harm to the individual's attendance labor and facilities related to the proximity between the residence and services; were considered unsatisfactory conditions related to travel to the HS, and on hours and days of operation of services. As for the cast of services were satisfactory and regular actions related to the request for examination to become viable in the first HS, the availability of pot to perform smear and medicines for the treatment, as well as consultations control and receiving information about the disease and the treatment performed; it is considered unsatisfactory the performance of the home care for patients with TB by the HS that acts as a front door, for implementation of the Directly Observed Treatment (DOT), home visits during treatment, the provision of transportation allowance to the patient and the existence of groups for TB patients. Regarding the coordination of care, resulted in regular the action of referring the patient to other HS to obtain examinations, and as unsatisfactory referral to obtain medications. The relationship bond between patient and health team were considered satisfactory in the majority or regular. As for the family and community focus, is satisfactory only the indicator relating to questions from professionals to the patient about the existence of respiratory symptoms in the family. It is considered that there is need for greater commitment from government entities to the incentives required to TB control, as well as the availability of necessary inputs and training of human resources working in the PHC in the ongoing quest to strengthen primary care, as a place of broader host needs to contact the user with the actions and health professionals. It is recommended the adoption of management mechanisms possible to expand the capacity of the health PHC, promoting the service delivery to the user and ensuring attention to population health.

The contribution of biofuels to the sustainability of development in Latin America and the Caribbean

Includes bibliography

Public-private partnerships in renewable energy in Latin America and the Caribbean

Incluye Bibliografía

Orientações pedagógicas no estágio supervisionado de educação física na Colômbia, Brasil, Argentina e Chile

Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC