Estructura en el sector noroeste del Golfo de California a partir de sísmica de reflexión.

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias) UANL, 2011.

Comparación de las macroalgas epizóicas de la madreperla Pinctada mazatlanica (Hanley 1856) con las de fondos rocosos en la bahía de La Paz, Baja California Sur, México

El presente estudio describe la comunidad de macroalgas epizóicas de Pinctada mazatlanica y la compara con la del substrato rocoso. Colectamos un total de 36 muestras de la comunidad de macroalgas, 18 muestras sobre ostras y otras tantas sobre substrato rocoso en la Península San Juan Nepomuceno, bahía de La Paz, México. Las algas fueron colectadas mediante buceo SCUBA raspando las distintas superficies (25 cm2 de substrato rocoso). El tamaño de muestra fue ajustado por curva de acumulación de especies y expresado con un modelo polinomial. Comparamos las comunidades de algas con análisis multivariantes de similitud basados en el índice de Bray-Curtis, entre substratos, diferentes alturas de ostras perleras y profundidades. Encontramos 27 especies de algas epizóicas (15.4% Clorophyta, 3.8% Phaeophyta y 80.8% Rhodophyta) con una disimilitud de 71.16% con respecto al substrato rocoso. El dendrograma mostró tres agrupaciones de macroalgas en P. mazatlanica. El primero caracterizado por Chondria, Jania, Herposiphonia tenella y Gracilaria. El segundo compuesto por Jania, Polysiphonia acuminata, P. decusata y Spyridia filamentosa. El tercero constituido por Polysiphonia sp., Jania, Herposiphonia tenella, Ceramium canouii y Amphiroa sp. Estas agrupaciones y los talos filamentosos de las algas epizóicas corresponden a estados iniciales de sucesión.

Evaluación de plaguicidas en el sistema estuarino La Atanasia - Sto. Domingo por Francisco Mercado Lugo

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias, con especialidad en Salud Pública) U. A. N. L.

Procesamiento y utilización de diferentes partes del cuerpo del calamar gigante Dosidicus gigas en forma de harina como factor de crecimiento en dietas balanceadas para Penaeus vannamei

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Ecología Acuática y Pesca) U.A.N.L. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas.

The west coast of México, from the boundary line between the United States and México to Cape Corrientes, including the gulf of California

UANL

Storia della California;

Hoja de errata al final de cada volúmen.

Diversity of free-living marine nematodes (Enoplida) from Baja California assessed by integrative taxonomy

We used morphological and molecular approaches to evaluate the diversity of free-living marine nematodes (order Enoplida) at four coastal sites in the Gulf of California and three on the Pacific coast of Baja California, Mexico. We identified 22 morphological species belonging to six families, of which Thoracostomopsidae and Oncholaimidae were the most diverse. The genus Mesacanthion (Thoracostomopsidae) was the most widespread and diverse. Five allopatric species, genetically and morphologically differentiated, were found in two localities in the Gulf of California (M. sp1 and M. sp2) and three in the Pacific coast (M. sp3, M. sp4 and M. sp5). Overall, we produced 19 and 20 sequences for the 18S and 28S genes, respectively. Neither gene displayed intraspecific polymorphisms, which allowed us to establish that some morphological variation was likely either ontogenetic or due to phenotypic plasticity. Although 18S and 28S phylogenies were topologically congruent (incongruence length difference test, P > 0.05), divergences between species were much higher in the 28S gene. Moreover, this gene possessed a stronger phylogenetic signal to resolve relationships involving Rhabdodemania and Bathylaimus. On the other hand, the close relationship of Pareurystomina (Enchilidiidae) with oncholaimids warrants further study. The 28S sequences (D2D3 domain) may be better suited for DNA barcoding of marine nematodes than those from the 18S rDNA, particularly for differentiating closely related or cryptic species. Finally, our results underline the relevance of adopting an integrative approach encompassing morphological and molecular analyses to improve the assessment of marine nematode diversity and advance their taxonomy.

Cryptic vicariance in Gulf of California fishes parallels vicariant patterns found in Baja, California mammals and reptiles

Comparisons across multiple taxa can often clarify the histories of biogeographic regions. In particular, historic barriers to movement should affect multiple species and, thus, result in a pattern of concordant intraspecific genetic divisions among species. A striking example of such comparative phylogeography is the recent observation that populations of many small mammals and reptiles living on the Baja, California peninsula have a large genetic break between northern and southern peninsular populations. In the present study, I demonstrate that five species of near-shore fishes living on the Baja coastline of the Gulf of California share this genetic pattern. The simplest explanation for this concordant genetic division within both terrestrial and marine vertebrates is that the Baja peninsula was fragmented by a Plio-Pleistocene marine seaway and that this seaway posed a substantial barrier to movement for near-shore fishes. The genetic divisions within Gulf of California fishes also coincide with recognized biogeographic regions based on fish community composition and several environmental factors. It is likely that adaptation to regional environments and present-day oceanographic circulation limits gene exchange between biogeographic regions and helps maintain evidence of past vicariance.

Remotely sensed estimates of vegetation structural characteristics in restored wetlands, Southern California

Traditional field sampling approaches for ecological studies of restored habitat can only cover small areas in detail, con be time consuming, and are often invasive and destructive. Spatially extensive and non-invasive remotely sensed data can make field sampling more focused and efficient. The objective of this work was to investigate the feasibility and accuracy of hand-held and airborne remotely sensed data to estimate vegetation structural parameters for an indicator plant species in a restored wetland. High spatial resolution, digital, multispectral camera images were captured from an aircraft over Sweetwater Marsh (San Diego County, California) during each growing season between 1992-1996. Field data were collected concurrently, which included plant heights, proportional ground cover and canopy architecture type, and spectral radiometer measurements. Spartina foliosa (Pacific cordgrass) is the indicator species for the restoration monitoring. A conceptual model summarizing the controls on the spectral reflectance properties of Pacific cordgrass was established. Empirical models were developed relating the stem length, density, and canopy architecture of cordgrass to normalized-difference-vegetation-index values. The most promising results were obtained from empirical estimates of total ground cover using image data that had been stratified into high, middle, and low marsh zones. As part of on-going restoration monitoring activities, this model is being used to provide maps of estimated vegetation cover.

Hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer risk in California

Numerous studies have documented increased breast cancer risks with hormone replacement therapy (HRT), but these do not give a woman her specific absolute risk for the remainder of her life. This article estimates the magnitude of the effect of HRT on breast cancer incidence in California and calculates a woman's cumulative risk of breast cancer with different formulations and durations of HRT use. The effects of HRT on the underlying breast cancer incidence were estimated using the attributable fraction method, applying HRT prevalence data from the 2001 California Health Interview Survey and published rates of higher relative risk (RR) from HRT use from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study and Million Women's Survey (MWS). The annual number of breast cancers potentially attributable to HRT in California was estimated, along with individual cumulative risk of breast cancer for various ages to 79 years according to HRT use, duration, and formulation. Using the WHI data, 829 of 19,000 breast cancers (4.3%) in California may be attributable to HRT This figure increases to 3401 (17.4%) when the MWS RRs are applied. Use of estrogen-only HRT or short-term (approximately 5 years) use of combined HRT has a minimal effect on the cumulative risk calculated to the age of 79 years; application of the MWS data to a Californian woman commencing HRT at the age of 50 years (no HRT, 8.5%; estrogen only, 8.6%; combined, 9.1%). Prolonged (approximately 10 years) use of combined HRT increases the cumulative risk to 10.3%. This article demonstrates that HRT will generate a small additional risk of breast cancer in an individual. The reduction in perimenopausal symptoms may be considered sufficient to warrant this extra risk. However, this view needs to be balanced because the small increases in individual risk will be magnified, producing a noticeable change in population cancer caseload where HRT use is high.

Do commercial fishers aggregate around marine reserves? Evidence from Big Creek Marine Ecological Reserve, central California

Marine reserves have been widely touted as a promising strategy for managing fisheries and protecting marine biodiversity. However, their establishment can involve substantial social conflict and may not produce the anticipated biological and economic benefits. A crucial factor associated with the success of marine reserves for enhancing fisheries and protecting biodiversity is the spatial distribution of fishing activity. Fishers may be attracted to the perimeter of a reserve in expectation of spillover of adult fishes. This concentration of effort can reduce spillover of fish to the surrounding fishery and has major implications for the effectiveness of reserves in achieving ecological and socioeconomic goals. We examined the spatial distribution of fishing activity relative to California's Big Creek Marine Ecological Reserve and found no aggregation near the reserve. We discuss the factors driving the spatial distribution of fishing activity relative to the reserve and the relevance of that distribution to the performance and evaluation of marine reserves.

Guerra do Golfo: a crise da nova ordem mundial

Este artigo, tomando como ponto de partida as Guerras do Golfo, traça o perfil da nova ordem mundial formada com a derrocada da União Soviética e o fim da Guerra Fria, e a ascensão dos Estados Unidos como única superpotência no século XXI. O autor também afirma que a nova ordem mundial, proclamada com vistas à promoção permanente do desenvolvimento e da paz, residiria no binômio político-econômico da democracia neoliberal.

Entre Duas Margens. Os Portugueses no Golfo Pérsico (1623-1653)

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em História Moderna e dos Descobrimentos

Flebótomos (Diptera, Phlebotominae) da Ilha de São Luis, zona do Golfão Maranhense, Brasil

Apresenta-se uma lista de flebotomíneos com 32 espécies, sendo 1 Brumptomyia e 31 Lutzomyia, distribuídas nos subgêneros Psychodopygus (6), Nyssomyia (5), Pressatia (3), Evandromyia (2), Psathyromyia (2), Sciopemyia (2), Lutzomyia (1), Micropygomyia (1), Viannamyia (1), e nos grupos Oswaldoi (5) e Migonei (3). Os flebotomíneos foram capturados na mata, peridomicílio (chiqueiro, galinheiro e estábulo) e intradomicílio (dormitório), das 18 às 6 horas, uma vez por mês, durante 4 anos na Ilha de São Luis, Maranhão. Todas as espécies ocorreram na mata, sendo que 16 também foram encontradas no peri e 11 dentro dos domicílios. Foram capturados 22.581 espécimens, sendo que 65,1% ocorreram no peridomicílio, 17,5% na mata e 17,4% no intradomicílio. A espécie mais comum foi Lutzomyia longipalpis com 66,4% dos exemplares capturados, seguida por L. whitmani (24%) e L. evandroi (5,9%). As 29 espécies restantes representaram apenas 3,7% da amostra total.

Os países do concelho de cooperação do Golfo e as "primaveras árabes"

Este relatório está dividido em três grandes partes. Primeiramente tentar-se-á descrever o MNE, tendo em conta suas funções, assim como seu lugar na administração portuguesa. Uma vez que o estágio foi realizado no Serviço do Médio Oriente e Magrebe (MOM), pertencente à Direção-Geral de Política Externa (DGPE), esta será contextualizada no âmbito do MNE, e suas funções e principais atribuições também serão descritas. Na segunda parte entregar-se-á uma descrição das atividades realizadas durante os cinco meses de estágio. Estas serão posteriormente analisadas.