Parasitisme i condició del lluç (Merluccius merluccius) del Golf de Lleó

El lluç europeu del Golf de Lleó és una espècie amb un gran valor comercial a les llotges catalanes per la qual cosa es troba sobreexplotat. Els paràmetres indicadors de la condició física avaluen la salut dels peixos i poden ajudar a predir la productivitat de les poblacions explotades. Un factor que pot estar relacionat amb la condició és el parasitisme, tot i que les investigacions en aquest sentit són molt escasses. Aquest estudi avalua per primera vegada la relació entre parasitisme i condició del lluç europeu. S’han examinat 30 individus, entre gener i març de 2010, i s’han localitzat paràsits que s’han classificat com a nematodes, cestodes, copèpodes i trematodes. S’han calculat també, els índexs de condició Le Cren, índex hepatosomàtic, índex gonodosomàtic i contingut lipídic en fetge i gònades. Els resultats d’aquest estudi suggereixen que els lluços infectats amb copèpodes tenen una quantitat inferior de lípids al fetge, la qual cosa podria indicar una menor condició física. Malgrat tot, cal disposar de més mostres per poder afirmar aquest fet, així com una sèrie temporal de dades que comprengui totes les estacions de l’ any

Anàlisi dels descartaments efectuats per la flota d'arrossegament en el Golf de Lleó

La pesca d'arrossegament practicada al mar Mediterrani incideix sobre un rang batimètric molt ampli i afecta a nombrosos tipus de fons que presenten comunitats molt diversificades, on les espècies de peixos, crustacis, cefalòpodes, altres mol·luscs, equinoderms i d'altres macroorganismes epibentònics interaccionen entre si. D'aquí la importància de caracteritzar amb una aproximació multiespecífica els fons explotats, com la que aquí hem dut a terme, prenent en consideració no tan sols les espècies d'interès comercial sinó totes les espècies que conformen la comunitat. Els objectius concrets d'aquesta tesi estan centrats en l'estudi qualitatiu i quantitatiu dels descartaments produïts per la pesca d'arrossegament que efectua la flota espanyola en la zona del Golf de Lleó, i en aspectes relacionats a millorar la selectivitat de les xarxes emprades canviant el disseny de la malla tradicional per malla quadrada. El mostreig s'ha dut a terme a bord d'una embarcació d'arrossegament comercial, amb una freqüència setmanal, dins el període comprès entre març del 1998 i març del 2000. En total s'han analitzat 68 pesques. Totes les mostres estudiades provenen del primer vol del dia i s'han capturat a fondàries entre 50 i 500 metres. De tot el volum capturat durant l'estudi s'han identificat un total de 307 espècies pertanyent a diversos grups taxonòmics. El grup taxonòmic majoritari és el dels peixos amb 133 espècies, seguit dels crustacis, els cefalòpodes, els equinoderms i finalment el grup d'altres invertebrats. L'espècie més capturada en nombre a la pesquera del Golf de Lleó ha estat la cervellina (Leptometra phalangium) i les més capturades en biomassa han estat la sardina (Sardina pilchardus) i el lluç mediterrani (Merluccius merluccius smiridus). Pel total de la captura la fracció descartada en nombre d'individus representa el 71% mentre que la biomassa descartada és de l'ordre del 36%. La causa més important en quant a quantitat de rebuig produït és la que respon al compliment de la normativa vigent, ja sigui per les talles mínimes legals o per les captures acompanyants permeses. Els majors descartaments estacionals en termes d'abundància es donen a la primavera i l'estiu, coincidint amb l'època de reclutament de la majoria de les espècies explotades. En canvi, els descartaments estacionals en termes de biomassa són excepcionalment elevats a l'estiu i estan provocats per la captura massiva de sardina (S. pilchardus) durant aquesta època de l'any. El rebuig expressat tant en nombre com en pes disminueix en funció de l'estrat de fondària, essent la quantitat descartada major en l'estrat A (50-200 m) i menor en l'estrat C (>400 m). S'ha comprovat que el disseny de malla quadrada aplicat al cóp de les xarxes d'arrossegament fa augmentar dràsticament, tant en nombre com en pes, el percentatge d'individus escapats, disminuint a la vegada la quantitat de descartament. També s'aconsegueix un augment de la mida de primera captura (L50) de totes les espècies excepte en la bruixa de quatre taques (Lepidorhombus boscii). A més es redueix l'impacte de la pesca sobre els estocs d'individus juvenils, sobretot d'espècies que presenten una secció de cos rodona com el lluç mediterrani (M. merluccius smiridus) i el verat (Scomber scombrus), disminuint així la sobrepesca de creixement i de reclutament al mateix temps que s'assegura i es millora la venda d'exemplars de mida legal.

Golf can be dangerous : be forewarned!

In Pollard v Trude [2008] QSC 119 (20 May 2008) the plaintiff claimed for personal injuries suffered when he was struck by a golf ball during the course of a tournament. The plaintiff was a member of a group of four, playing in a two-day tournament at Indooroopilly Golf Club. All four players had teed off at the second hole of the course and when the defendant took his second shot; his ball struck one of the trees bordering the fairway and deflected, hitting the plaintiff who was waiting to take his third stroke. As the ball was in flight, the defendant had called out "Watch out Errol", or words to that effect, to the plaintiff. The plaintiff suffered injury to his eye, leaving his vision impaired. The plaintiff sued in negligence, alleging that by failing to shout "fore" as is traditionally done in golf, the defendant had failed to warn the appellant and this was a breach of their duty. The claim in negligence was dismissed by the Queensland Supreme Court, holding that there had been no breach of the duty.

In the Rough : In-Field evaluation of an autonomous vehicle for golf course maintenance

Maintenance is a time consuming and expensive task for any golf course or driving range manager. For a golf course the primary tasks are grass mowing and maintenance (fertilizer and herbicide spreading), while for a driving range mowing, maintenance and ball collection are required. All these tasks require an operator to drive a vehicle along paths which are generally predefined. This paper presents some preliminary in-field tsting results for an automated tractor vehicle performing golf ball collection on an actual driving range, and mowing on difficult unstructured terrain.

一种基于改进LLE方法的传感器故障诊断方法研究

针对非线性系统传感器故障诊断难以解决的问题,提出了一种新的基于局部嵌入映射(LLE)的方法,解决了非线性数据的特征映射问题。首先,改进了基于分形维估计的内在维数的估计,通过线性拟合解决了线性区域的自动确定。然后,将故障状态与空间分布结合起来,通过确定数据点在空间超球内的分布完成故障的检测,在这个过程中将超球的确定与LLE算法中基于核函数的样本外数据扩展结合起来,大大减少了计算量,提高了算法的实时性,从而为复杂非线性传感器的故障诊断提供了一种新的有效的方法。

Guiding the swing in golf putting

Actions that involve making contact with surfaces often demand perceptual regulation of the impact — for example, of feet with ground when walking or of bat with ball when hitting. Here we investigate how this control of impact is achieved in golf putting, where control of the clubhead motion at ball impact is paramount in ensuring that the ball will travel the required distance. Our results from ten professional golfers indicate that the clubhead motion is spatially scaled and perceptually regulated by coupling it onto an intrinsic guide generated in the nervous system.

Thermodynamic Properties of Mixtures Containing Ionic Liquids. 4. LLE of Binary Mixtures of [C2MIM][NTf2] with Propan-1-ol, Butan-1-ol, and Pentan-1-ol and [C4MIM][NTf2] with Cyclohexanol and 1,2-Hexanediol Including Studies of the Influence of Small Amounts of Water

Experimental data are presented for liquid-liquid equilibria of mixtures of the room-temperature ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C2MIM][NTf2]) with the three alcohols propan-1-ol, butan-1-ol, and pentan-1-ol and for the 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide ([C4MIM][NTf2]) with cyclohexanol and 1,2-hexanediol in the temperature range of 275 K to 345 K at ambient pressure. The synthetic method has been used. Cloud points at a given composition were observed by varying the temperature and using light scattering to detect the phase splitting. In addition, the influence of small amounts of water on the demixing temperatures of binary mixtures of [C2MIM][NTf2] and propan-1-ol, butan-1-ol, and pentan-1-ol was investigated.

Distribution of arsenic and risk assessment of activities on a golf course fertilised with arsenic-containing Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed

The use of seaweed fertilisers in sports green maintenance has become a common practice across the globe due to its image as an “eco-friendly” alternative to chemical fertilisers. The aim of this study was to characterise the risk of human exposure to arsenic (As), via dermal absorption, from golfing activities on a private golf course in the UK, where As contaminated seaweed fertiliser (~ 100 mg/kg d.wt.) is applied. This was fulfilled by, 1) determining As concentrations in shallow soils with GIS geo-statistical analysis, 2) measuring As concentrations from an on-site borehole groundwater well, and (3) developing a risk assessment calculation for golfing activities based on field and questionnaire data. Total As concentrations in shallow soils were less than the UK threshold for domestic soils, however, frequent and sustained dermal contact between site-users and surface soil attributed to a maximum carcinogenic risk value of 2.75 × 10− 4, which is in the upper limit of the acceptable risk range. Arsenic concentrations in underlying groundwater exceeded the WHO's permissible drinking water standard, demonstrating the risk of groundwater contamination following the application of seaweed fertiliser to golf course soils. This is the first risk study on dermal As absorption via the application of a seaweed fertiliser.

‘A true feeling of authentic portuguese golf'? The discursive construction of the Algarve region in portuguese golf websites

In an increasingly competitive global marketplace, the need for golf destinations to differentiate themselves from competitors has become more critical than ever. This paper raises questions about the promotional strategies employed by the golf sector in the Algarve, focusing on internet communication strategies, since this medium has become the biggest driving force towards the commoditisation of all aspects of the tourism experience. By offering a complementary perspective to the field of (critical) tourism studies, and drawing on a qualitative, multi-modal discourse analysis, this work-in-progress looks at the particular ways that representations and images presented on the Algarve golf websites constitute and frame identities (of people and places) and socio-spatial relationships. This paper analyses a corpus of 45 texts collected from official websites of the 40 Algarve golf courses and from five entities which promote the Algarve as a golf destination, along with the golf images that are displayed alongside them. Findings point to salient discursive and visual representations of a global setting enjoyed by the global elite. Whereas the courses‟ positioning in relation to their regional competitors draws on similar discursive strategies which reflect those used in tourism advertising discourses in general – e.g. reiteration of explicit comparisons, superlatives and hyperbolic statements -, representations of local emplacedness are not salient; in some cases local place seems to have been almost intentionally suppressed.

Gender asymmetries in golf participation: tradition or discrimination?

Tese de dout., Turismo, Faculdade de Economia, Univ. do Algarve, 2013

Golf destinations' brand personality: the case of the Algarve

The purpose of this research is to develop and validate a measurement scale to assess golf destinations’ brand personality and therefore to perceive the destination personality of the Algarve as a golf destination. Based on literature review on human personality, brand personality, destination brand image and marketing scales validation procedures, an initial 36 unrepeated items were the base for a survey instrument. Those items were generated from the literature, from the results of individual interviews with experts in tourism and golf in the Algarve and from promotional texts in golf- related websites. After content validation, the items were allocated into categories of attributes by a panel of expert judges. A survey was then applied to a convenient sample of 600 golf players in the Algarve, and 545 (valid) questionnaires were analysed to refine the scale. Golf players assessed the components of the relational brand personality (functional, symbolic and experiential) as well as the Algarve as a golf destination. A taxonomy of brand personality was developed and tested in the Algarve as it is recognized as one of the world best golf destination. The developed taxonomy of brand personality was assessed in two ways: 1) through the overall perception of the Algarve as a golf destination and 2) through the perception of specific attributes of the destination grouped into three main categories (functional, symbolic and experiential). Therefore, two multi-dimensional brand personality models were estimated by using structural equation modelling. Findings of this study indicate that golf players ascribe personality characteristics to destinations. The brand personality of the Algarve is translated into three main dimensions enjoyableness, distinctiveness and friendliness when tourists/golf players reveal their overall perception of the destination. The brand personality of golf destination Algarve is reflected in the dimensions reliability, hospitality, uniqueness and attractiveness when tourists assess the components of the relational brand personality. Refined scales consisting of 10 and 12 items were finally derived meeting both reliability and validity requirements. This study does not replicate Aaker’s (1997) personality dimensions and very little parallelism can be drawn with Aaker’s (1997) brand personality scale since only three items from her scale were validated in both models: friendly and cheerful, (sincerity), reliable (competence). The same is verified concerning the ‘Big-five’. The human personality traits (HPT) validated to describe golf destinations personality are only four helpful, pleasant (agreeableness), relaxed (emotional stability), and innovative (intellect or openness). As far as destination image descriptors (DID) are concerned, the items appealing, relaxed and safe were validated, while traits suggested by the interviews and website promotional texts such as calm, natural, spectacular, unique, welcoming, and the best (destination-specific traits) appear to be appropriate to describe the personality of a golf destination. The results suggest that the overall perception of the Algarve´s brand personality is described by the dimensions enjoyableness, distinctiveness and friendliness. Moreover, the relational perspective revealed that the functional attributes of the destination are described by the dimension reliablility, while the symbolic attributes are described by the dimensions hospitablility and uniqueness and finally its experiential attributes are described by the dimension attractiveness. These results show that a golf destination´s brand personality should not just be based on good golf practices. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in the context of destination brand personality.

Twentieth Century Modern Architecture and the Countryside: Ludwig Mies van der Rohe's design for a country gold clubhouse for the Krefeld Golf Club Association

This paper investigates relationships between modernity and monumentality in the architecture of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. In his Modern Architecture, the critic and historian Kenneth Frampton separated Mies’ work into two historical periods, 1921-1933 and 1933-1967; the first he entitled ‘Mies van der Rohe and the significance of fact,’ the second ‘Mies van der Rohe and the monumentalisation of technique.’ The two historical periods correspond to two different geopolitical phases of Mies’ career, the first in Weimar Germany the second in the United States. By looking at a number of designs and texts made by Mies in the 1930’s and 1940’s, this essay questions the validity of separating Mies’ architecture into such clear-cut categories, where each one can enjoy a seeming independence from the other. The fulcrum for the discussion is Mies’ design of 1930 for a country golf clubhouse for the industrial town of Krefeld in north-western Germany. Our attention to the golf clubhouse design was prompted by the recent installation (2013), in which a 1-1 model of the design, made primarily from plywood, was erected in a field close the the site of Mies' original proposal.