Interfacciamento di GnuRadio con dispositivi hardware

In questa tesi viene spiegato il funzionamento e utilizzo di Software GnuRadio. Con l’approccio previsto da GnuRadio, il progettista diventa uno sviluppatore software che costruisce una SDR. Per la costruzione della SDR viene usato un Hardware esterno. In questa tesi e stato usato Hardware chiamato SDR ADALM-PLITO, dove viene spiegato il suo funzionamento e interfacciamento attraverso GnuRadio.

Implementazione di un trasmettitore OFDM mediante software radio

L’obiettivo di questo elaborato è quello di implementare un Modem digitale che è basato su una modulazione Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) ed è formato da due tipi di dispositivi radio differenti, i quali sono molto utili, poiché si possono utilizzare in diversi scopi senza doverne modificare l’hardware ma solo cambiando la parte software perché sono programmabili. I due dispositivi sono i seguenti: • Analog Device Adalm-Pluto: dispositivo in grado sia di trasmettere che di ricevere. Lo utilizzeremo solamente per trasmettere il segnale. • Noeelec NE-SDR: dispositivo in grado solo di ricevere. Lo utilizzeremo quindi solamente per ricevere il segnale. Il tipo di modulazione da noi utilizzata per trasmettere il segnale è come detto in precedenza la modulazione OFDM. Essa è molto efficiente nell’occupazione della banda ed applica la trasmissione di un segnale su più portanti affiancate nel dominio delle frequenze. Questo significa che ogni portante che compone il segnale completo si trova ad una frequenza multipla della principale f0. Inoltre il vantaggio di questa modulazione sta nel fatto di sapere che l’informazione è contenuta nel segnale passa-basso inviluppo complesso rappresentativo i(t) e per questo motivo vedremo, nel corso dell’elaborato, come lo schema di trasmissione e ricezione sia molto semplificato.

Implementazione di un ricevitore OFDM mediante software radio

Nel campo della trasmissione di segnali alfanumerici è cresciuto sempre di più l’interesse riguardo alla trasmissione di segnali caratterizzati da più sottoportanti affiancate nel dominio della frequenza mediante modulazione multiportante (MC, multicarrier modulation). Si è dimostrato che OFDM è un’effettiva tecnica per "combattere" il problema del multipath-fading nei canali wirless. Il multipath-fading è una forma di distorsione di un segnale che giunge a destinazione sotto forma di un certo numero di repliche, sfasate nel tempo, originate dai vari percorsi che il segnale stesso può aver seguito durante la sua propagazione e sommantesi tra loro in ricezione; ogni replica inoltre, sarà soggetta ad un’attenuazione in generale diversa da quella subita dalle altre repliche. Ciò che si vuole realizzare è un sistema di trasmissione e ricezione dati alfanumerico tramite la modulazione OFDM tramite l’utilizzo di due dispositivi SDR. In particolare per la trasmissione del segnale viene utilizzato il dispositivo ADALM-PLUTO, ed è lasciata libera scelta nel trasmettere qualsiasi tipo di segnale alfanumerico, ovvero il numero di simboli OFDM può variare a discrezione dell’utente. Per la ricezione del segnale inviato è stato impiegato il dispositivo Noolec NESDR, e l’utente, qui, sarà invece obbligato a inserire il numero di simboli OFDM da dover ricevere per avere così una corretta decodifica del segnale.

Prototipo di modem basato su standard LoRa

La tesi si suddivide in due parti. Nella prima parte vengono spiegati trasmettitore e ricevitore basati su standard LoRa, con particolare attenzione alle fasi di modulazione/ demodulazione, sincronismo e correzione della frequenza portante. Nella seconda parte si cerca di implementare il sistema discusso tramite due dispositivi programmati attraverso Matlab.

Perfezionamento di un Modem basato sulla Modulazione OFDM

Questo elaborato ha lo scopo di provare a migliore un sistema di trasmissione e ricezione basato sulla modulazione OFDM, e andando ad ottimizzare e aggiungere alcuni blocchi allo schema originario. Questo tipo di modulazione prevede l’utilizzo di più sottoportanti, che ci permette di avere un’ottimizzazione dell’efficienza di banda. Per fare ciò ci siamo serviti di due dispositivi accademici molto utili in queste applicazioni, in quanto si possono programmare via software senza dover modificare l’hardware.

Contribución al diseño de GNSS-SDR, un receptor GNSS de código abierto

[ANGLÈS] This project introduces GNSS-SDR, an open source Global Navigation Satellite System software-defined receiver. The lack of reconfigurability of current commercial-of-the-shelf receivers and the advent of new radionavigation signals and systems make software receivers an appealing approach to design new architectures and signal processing algorithms. With the aim of exploring the full potential of this forthcoming scenario with a plurality of new signal structures and frequency bands available for positioning, this paper describes the software architecture design and provides details about its implementation, targeting a multiband, multisystem GNSS receiver. The result is a testbed for GNSS signal processing that allows any kind of customization, including interchangeability of signal sources, signal processing algorithms, interoperability with other systems, output formats, and the offering of interfaces to all the intermediate signals, parameters and variables. The source code release under the GNU General Public License (GPL) secures practical usability, inspection, and continuous improvement by the research community, allowing the discussion based on tangible code and the analysis of results obtained with real signals. The source code is complemented by a development ecosystem, consisting of a website (http://gnss-sdr.org), as well as a revision control system, instructions for users and developers, and communication tools. The project shows in detail the design of the initial blocks of the Signal Processing Plane of the receiver: signal conditioner, the acquisition block and the receiver channel, the project also extends the functionality of the acquisition and tracking modules of the GNSS-SDR receiver to track the new Galileo E1 signals available. Each section provides a theoretical analysis, implementation details of each block and subsequent testing to confirm the calculations with both synthetically generated signals and with real signals from satellites in space.

SDR-based Passive Indoor Localization System for GSM

This study deals with indoor positioning using GSM radio, which has the distinct advantage of wide coverage over other wireless technologies. In particular, we focus on passive localization systems that are able to achieve high localization accuracy without any prior knowledge of the indoor environment or the tracking device radio settings. In order to overcome these challenges, newly proposed localization algorithms based on the exploitation of the received signal strength (RSS) are proposed. We explore the effects of non-line-of-sight communication links, opening and closing of doors, and human mobility on RSS measurements and localization accuracy. We have implemented the proposed algorithms on top of software defined radio systems and carried out detailed empirical indoor experiments. The performance results show that the proposed solutions are accurate with average localization errors between 2.4 and 3.2 meters.

In Vitro Implant Impression Accuracy Using a New Photopolymerizing SDR Splinting Material

PURPOSE The study aims to evaluate three-dimensionally (3D) the accuracy of implant impressions using a new resin splinting material, "Smart Dentin Replacement" (SDR). MATERIALS AND METHODS A titanium model of an edentulous mandible with six implant analogues was used as a master model and its dimensions measured with a coordinate measuring machine. Before the total 60 impressions were taken (open tray, screw-retained abutments, vinyl polysiloxane), they were divided in four groups: A (test): copings pick-up splinted with dental floss and fotopolymerizing SDR; B (test): see A, additionally sectioned and splinted again with SDR; C (control): copings pick-up splinted with dental floss and autopolymerizing Duralay® (Reliance Dental Mfg. Co., Alsip, IL, USA) acrylic resin; and D (control): see C, additionally sectioned and splinted again with Duralay. The impressions were measured directly with an optomechanical coordinate measuring machine and analyzed with a computer-aided design (CAD) geometric modeling software. The Wilcoxon matched-pair signed-rank test was used to compare groups. RESULTS While there was no difference (p = .430) between the mean 3D deviations of the test groups A (17.5 μm) and B (17.4 μm), they both showed statistically significant differences (p < .003) compared with both control groups (C 25.0 μm, D 19.1 μm). CONCLUSIONS Conventional impression techniques for edentulous jaws with multiple implants are highly accurate using the new fotopolymerizing splinting material SDR. Sectioning and rejoining of the SDR splinting had no impact on the impression accuracy.

Implementación y configuración de un receptor de radio definido por software (SDR) para estudios de propagación

The constant development of digital systems in radio communications demands the adaptation of the current receiving equipment to the new technologies. In this context, a new Software Defined Radio based receiver is being implemented with the aim of carrying out different experiments to analyze the propagation of signals through the atmosphere from a satellite beacon. The receiver selected for this task is the PERSEUS SDR from the Italian company Microtelecom s.r.l. It is a software defined VLF-LF-MF-HF receiver based on an outstanding direct sampling digital architecture which features a 14 bit 80 MSamples/s analog-to-digital converter, a high-performance FPGA-based digital down-converter and a high-speed 480 Mbit/s USB2.0 PC interface. The main goal is to implement the related software and adapt the new receiver to the current working environment. In this paper, SDR technology guidelines are given and PERSEUS receiver digital signal processing is presented with the most remarkable results.

Rearrangement of α-pinene oxide using a surface catalysed spinning disc reactor (SDR)

Isomerisation of α-pinene oxide to campholenic aldehyde was performed by immobilising zinc triflate based catalysts on the surface of a spinning disc reactor (SDR). Two types of catalyst have been studied and the influence of operating parameters such as rotational speed, feed flow rate and reaction temperature on conversion and selectivity towards campholenic aldehyde has been investigated in considerable detail. The findings of the study suggest that immobilising the catalyst on the reactor surface and performing the reaction in continuous mode has potential for achieving benefits of Green Chemical Technology (GCT).

Lightweight middleware for SDR inter-components communication

The ability to use Software Defined Radio (SDR) in the civilian mobile applications will make it possible for the next generation of mobile devices to handle multi-standard personal wireless devices and ubiquitous wireless devices. The original military standard created many beneficial characteristics for SDR, but resulted in a number of disadvantages as well. Many challenges in commercializing SDR are still the subject of interest in the software radio research community. Four main issues that have been already addressed are performance, size, weight, and power. ^ This investigation presents an in-depth study of SDR inter-components communications in terms of total link delay related to the number of components and packet sizes in systems based on Software Communication Architecture (SCA). The study is based on the investigation of the controlled environment platform. Results suggest that the total link delay does not linearly increase with the number of components and the packet sizes. The closed form expression of the delay was modeled using a logistic function in terms of the number of components and packet sizes. The model performed well when the number of components was large. ^ Based upon the mobility applications, energy consumption has become one of the most crucial limitations. SDR will not only provide flexibility of multi-protocol support, but this desirable feature will also bring a choice of mobile protocols. Having such a variety of choices available creates a problem in the selection of the most appropriate protocol to transmit. An investigation in a real-time algorithm to optimize energy efficiency was also performed. Communication energy models were used including switching estimation to develop a waveform selection algorithm. Simulations were performed to validate the concept.^

Vulnerabilidades usando SDR

Un sistema de SDR (Software Defined Radio) es un sistema de radio programable que delega gran parte del procesamiento hecho clásicamente en hardware,en software corriendo en un ordenador. Dos ventajas inmediatas de un dispositivo de SDR frente a un dispositivo de radio tradicional son el abaratamiento del coste del hardware (menos y menos complejo) y la facilidad de modificación de la funcionalidad específica de la radio (implementaciones software, tan simple como programar cualquier protocolo deseado). Debido al abaratamiento de estos productos y su facilidad de programación e interconexión con un ordenador personal, el mundo de la radiocomunicación es bastante más accesible. Cuando un dominio es poco conocido o accesible, es típico que los sistemas no sean seguros por diseño, sino por oscuridad. Si en un corto periodo de tiempo la accesibilidad a ese dominio aumenta considerablemente, los sistemas seguros por oscuridad se encuentran en peligro. Este trabajo pretende estudiar si efectivamente, al ser más accesible el dominio de la radiocomunicación debido a la accesibilidad de los dispositivos de SDR, ciertos sistemas se encuentran expuestos. La investigación del estado del arte y el estudio práctico de sistemas públicos en el ámbito local, nos permitirá entender hasta qué punto existen riesgos reales. Si se encuentra en el ámbito local una vulnerabilidad en algún sistema, se documentará y se propondrá una posible forma de aprovecharla y solucionarla.

Lightweight Middleware for Software Defined Radio (SDR) Inter-Components Communication

The ability to use Software Defined Radio (SDR) in the civilian mobile applications will make it possible for the next generation of mobile devices to handle multi-standard personal wireless devices and ubiquitous wireless devices. The original military standard created many beneficial characteristics for SDR, but resulted in a number of disadvantages as well. Many challenges in commercializing SDR are still the subject of interest in the software radio research community. Four main issues that have been already addressed are performance, size, weight, and power. This investigation presents an in-depth study of SDR inter-components communications in terms of total link delay related to the number of components and packet sizes in systems based on Software Communication Architecture (SCA). The study is based on the investigation of the controlled environment platform. Results suggest that the total link delay does not linearly increase with the number of components and the packet sizes. The closed form expression of the delay was modeled using a logistic function in terms of the number of components and packet sizes. The model performed well when the number of components was large. Based upon the mobility applications, energy consumption has become one of the most crucial limitations. SDR will not only provide flexibility of multi-protocol support, but this desirable feature will also bring a choice of mobile protocols. Having such a variety of choices available creates a problem in the selection of the most appropriate protocol to transmit. An investigation in a real-time algorithm to optimize energy efficiency was also performed. Communication energy models were used including switching estimation to develop a waveform selection algorithm. Simulations were performed to validate the concept.