5 resultados para Geschlechterrolle


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Abstract: This dissertation generally concentrates on the relationships between “gender” and “space” in the present time of urban life in capital city of Tehran. “Gender” as a changing social construct, differentiated within societies and through time, studied this time by investigation on “gender attitude” or “gender identity” means attitudes towards “gender” issues regarding Tehran residences. “Space” as a concept integrated from physical and social constituents investigated through focus on “spatial attitude” means attitudes towards using “living spaces” including private space of “house”, semi private semi public space of neighborhood and finally public spaces of the city. “Activities and practices” in space concentrated instead of “physical” space; this perspective to “space” discussed as the most justified implication of “space” in this debate regarding current situations in city of Tehran. Under a systematic approach, the interactions and interconnections between “gender” and “space” as two constituent variables of social organization investigated by focus on the different associations presented between different “gender identities” and their different “spatial identities”; in fact, “spatial identity” manifests “gender identity” and in opposite direction, “spatial identity” influences to construction of “gender identity”. The hypotheses of case study in Tehran defined as followed: • “Gender identity” is reflected on “spatial identity”. Various “gender identities” in Tehran present different perspectives of “space” or they identify “space” by different values. • As “gender identity” internalizes patriarchal oppression, it internalizes associated “spatial” oppression too. • Within the same social class, different “gender identities” related to men and women, present interconnected qualities, compared with “gender identities” related to men or women of different social classes. This situation could be found in the “spatial” perspectives of different groups of men and women too. • Following the upper hypotheses, “spatial” oppression differs among social classes of Tehran living in different parts of this city. This research undertook a qualitative study in Tehran by interviewing with different parents of both young daughter and son regarding their attitudes towards gender issues from one side and activities and behaviors of their children in different spaces from the other side. Results of case study indicated the parallel changes of parents’ attitudes towards “gender” and “spatial” issues; it means strong connection between “gender” and “space”. It revealed association of “equal” spatial attitudes with “open, neutral” gender attitudes, and also the association of “biased, unequal” spatial identities with “conservative patriarchal” gender identities. It was cleared too that this variable concept – gender space - changes by “sex”; mothers comparing fathers presented more equitable notions towards “gender spatial” issues. It changes too by “social class” and “educational level”, that means “gender spatial” identity getting more open equitable among more educated people of middle and upper classes. “Breadwinning status in the family” also presents its effect on the changes of “gender spatial” identity so participant breadwinners in the family expressed relatively more equitable notions comparing householders and housekeepers. And finally, “gender spatial” identity changes through “place” in the city and regarding South – North line of the city. The illustration of changes of “gender spatial” identity from “open” to “conservative” among society indicated not only vertical variation across social classes, furthermore the horizontal changing among each social class. These results also confirmed hypotheses while made precision on the third one regarding variable of sex. More investigations pointed to some inclusive spatial attitudes throughout society penetrated to different groups of “gender identities”, to “opens” as to “conservatives”, also to groups between them, by two opposite features; first kind, conservative biased spatial practices in favor of patriarchal gender relations and the second, progressive neutral actions in favor of equal gender relations. While the major reason for the inclusive conservative practices was referred to the social insecurity for women, the second neutral ones associated to more formal & safer spaces of the city. In conclusion, while both trends are associated deeply with the important issues of “sex” & “body” in patriarchal thoughts, still strong, they are the consequences of the transitional period of social change in macro level, and the challenges involved regarding interactions between social orders, between old system of patriarchy, the traditional biased “gender spatial” relations and the new one of equal relations. The case study drew an inhomogeneous illustration regarding gender spatial aspects of life in Tehran, the opposite groups of “open” and “conservative”, and the large group of “semi open semi conservative” between them. In macro perspective it presents contradicted social groups according their general life styles; they are the manifestations of challenging trends towards tradition and modernity in Iranian society. This illustration while presents unstable social situations, necessitates probing solutions for social integration; exploring the directions could make heterogeneous social groups close in the way they think and the form they live in spaces. Democratic approaches like participatory development planning might be helpful for the city in its way to more solidarity and sustainability regarding its social spatial – gender as well – development, in macro levels of social spatial planning and in micro levels of physical planning, in private space of house and in public spaces of the city.

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Ziel dieser wissenschaftlichen Hausarbeit ist es, Geschlechterrollen bürgerlicher Kinder zu untersuchen, die auf Atelierfotografien abgebildet sind. Dazu soll das phänomenologisch-hermeneutische Verfahren der „seriell-ikonografische[n] Fotoanalyse“ von Pilarczyk und Mietzner in einer empirischen Untersuchung genutzt werden. Erforscht wird damit, inwieweit sich die Darstellungen von Mädchen und Jungen unterscheiden. In meiner Untersuchung gehe ich folgendermaßen vor: Im zweiten Kapitel wird zunächst die Bedeutung der Fotografie für die Erziehungswissenschaft reflektiert. Dabei steht die Frage im Vordergrund: Welche Vorteile und Eigenarten hat die Fotografie im Bezug zu anderen Quellen? Besonders ihr Verhältnis zur Wirklichkeit und die Rolle des Zufalls machen es schwierig, sie als Primärquelle zu verwenden. Deshalb werden anschließend beide Faktoren untersucht. Darauf folgen (im dritten Kapitel) die Beschreibung des Modells der seriell-ikonografischen Analyse von Pilarczyk und Mietzner sowie Rezensionen zu diesem Ansatz und eine genaue Erläuterung, wie die Methode für diese Arbeit genutzt werden soll. Bevor das Verfahren jedoch zur Anwendung kommt, werden zunächst bürgerlicher Kontext und Struktur der bürgerlichen Familie - innerhalb deren sich die Kinder auf den Fotografien bewegen - dargestellt. Anschließend wird der Kontext der Atelierfotografie vorgestellt, um eine zeitgemäße Lesart der Kinderfotografien zu gewährleisten. Im sechsten Kapitel folgt die Analyse des von mir zusammengestellten Bildfundus. Die daraus gewonnen Hypothesen werden in einem Fazit zusammengefasst. Es schließt sich eine Überprüfung und Erweiterung der Hypothesen anhand von schriftlichen Quellen in Kapitel 7 an. Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse sowie Ausblick sind im Schlusskapitel zu lesen.

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Rezension von: Robert Baar: Allein unter Frauen, Der berufliche Habitus männlicher Grundschullehrer, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag 2010 (419 S.; ISBN 978-3-531-17452-5)

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Rezension von: Lothar Böhnisch/Reinhard Winter: Männliche Sozialisation. Bewältigungsprobleme männlicher Geschlechtsidentität im Lebenslauf. Weinheim/München: Juventa 1993, 232 S.

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In [diesem] Beitrag stellen die Autoren ausgewählte Ergebnisse der Berliner Längsschnittstudie AIDA (Adaptation in der Adoleszenz) vor und knüpfen dabei an die Frage "Equally prepared for life?" an, die die OECD (2009) im Rahmen einer Re-Analyse von PISA-Daten stellte und mit Blick auf die Leistungsunterschiede in Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften mit einem "Nein" beantwortet wurde. Denn: Weibliche Jugendliche berichten über mehr Angst im Fach Mathematik, haben weniger Selbstvertrauen, spezifische mathematische Probleme lösen zu können, und neigen dazu, ihre Leistungsfähigkeit zu unterschätzen. Der internationale Vergleich verdeutlicht, dass diese Geschlechterunterschiede in Deutschland größer sind als in den meisten OECD-Ländern. Die AIDA-Studie erlaubt es, auch in weiteren nichtkognitiven Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen nach bedeutsamen Unterschieden zu fragen. (DIPF/Orig.)