Din��mica ambiental da plan��cie de defla����o do litoral de Extremoz / RN e influ��ncia das normativas legais no processo de organiza����o territorial

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior

Empreendedorismo ambiental e preservacionismo compensat��rio: o turismo e as unidades de conserva����o Parque Estadual das Dunas e ��rea de Prote����o Ambiental Jenipabu-RN

This doctoral thesis addresses the environmental issues and its vinculum with the tourism through the protected natural areas, in particular the conservation units, which consists in territorial areas created and demarcated by the government in order to protect ecosystems that have a high ecological and scenic-landscaped representativeness designed to the contemplation and controlled public visitation. In regard to its use for the touristic activities, are conceived while socio-environmental and symbolic materiality built around an imagery view of a nature-show, designed to attract visitors, aiming ensure the maintenance and reproduction of the capital in an entrepreneurial and preservationist way in the Metropolitan Region of Natal. It s a study about the Dunes State Park Jornalista Jos�� Maria Alves and the Jenipabu Environmental Protected Area, both created with the purpose of favor the implantation and empowerment of the touristic area through the State intervention as the main articulator agent of a new process of urbanization that uses the city marketing and the ideological discuss of environmental sustainability to recreate the imaginary of lost paradise and incorporate into the daily universe of tourists visiting the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The unveiling of this empirical reality made possible the construction and defense of the terms environmental entrepreneurship and compensatory preservationism, to explain how the formatting and idealization of this paradisiacal scenarios produce the commoditization of nature in an efficient and competitive way

CONTRIBUI����O DA GEOMORFOLOGIA AMBIENTAL PARA O PLANEJAMENTO E MANEJO DE TRILHAS EM UNIDADES DE CONSERVA����O

Entre os principais atrativos das ��reas naturais protegidas, em especial os parques, est��o ��s trilhas, interpretativas ou n��o, elas s��o muito utilizadas pelos visitantes e merecem aten����o por parte dos administradores no que se refere a sua implanta����o, manejo e conserva����o. Contudo, planejar e implantar uma trilha em unidades de conserva����o requer cuidados, desde a escolha do local, avaliando seus atributos f��sicos e c��nicos at�� o manejo permanente. A contribui����o da Geomorfologia Ambiental vem ao encontro dessas necessidades, no sentido de criar e valorizar os atributos de uma trilha e a conserva����o ambiental. O presente artigo tem como objetivo avaliar a trilha principal do Parque Estadual Mata dos Godoy, a Trilha das Perobas e das Figueiras, considerando seus aspectos geomorfol��gicos, tanto no que se referem as suas formas do relevo, quanto aos atributos paisag��sticos, cen��rios e visuais. Atrav��s da observa����o em campo, documenta����o fotogr��fica e o uso do GPS (Sistema de Posicionamento Global), se pode demarcar e registrar os aspectos visuais e f��sicos da trilha. O levantamento bibliogr��fico referente ao tema forneceu suporte te��rico para an��lise dos resultados e o uso de software ArcGis foi utilizado para representar a ��rea estudada. A conserva����o desse parque �� de extrema import��ncia, sendo considerada uma das mais importantes unidades de conserva����o do estado do Paran��, Brasil.

Dois testes de imageamento com GPR em problemas de controle ambiental em regi��es tropicais: migra����o de dunas e localiza����o de dutos de ��leo enterrados

Because the penetration depth of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) signals is very limited in high conductive soils, the usefullness of this method in tropical regions is not yet completly known. The main objective of this researh is to test the usefullness of the method in Brazil. Two typical problems where GPR has been used in Europe and North American were choosed for this test: the first one is to characterize the internal structures of a sand body and the second problem is the localization of old buried pipes lines. The first test was done near the city of S��o Bento do Norte, in the northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte state, NE Brazil. In this region, there is a sand dune that is migrating very fast in the direction of adjacent settling areas. To characterize the internal structure of the dune and its relationship to the prevailing wind direction, as a preliminary step to understand the dune migration, GPR profiles using the 400 MHz frequency were performed in E-W, N-S, NE-SW, and SE-NW directions over the sand dune intersecting at the top of the dune. The practical resolution of the GPR data is around 30 cm; this was sufficient to distinguish individual foresets inside the dune. After applying the elevation correction to the data, we identified that dips of bedding structures are smallest for the N-S profile, which is perpendicular to the dominant wind direction, largest for the E-W profile, and intermediate for the SW-NE and SE-NW profiles. Foresets in the E-W profile dip with angles varying from 2 to 6 degrees. In the E-W profile, the water table and a horizontal truncation interface separating two generations of dunes were identified, as well as an abrupt directional change in the foreset patterns associated to a lateral contact between two dune generations, the older one extending to the west. The used high frequency of 400 Mhz does not allow a penetration deep enough to map completely these internal contacts. The second test was done near Estreito, a small town near Carna��bais city, also in Rio Grande do Norte state. In this locality, there are several old pipe lines buried in area covered by plantations where digging should be minimized. Several GPR profiles using the 400 and 200 MHz frequency were performed trying to intercept perpendicularly the possible pipe lines. Because of the high conductivity of the soil, the raw original data can hardly be use to identify the pipe lines. However, after an adequate processing over the 200 MHz profiles, six pipe lines were identified. As a global result of the tests, GPR can be very usefull if the conductivity of the ground is low or, in the case of medium conductivities of the soils, if adequate processing is performed

Diagn��stico Ambiental do Processo de Desertifica����o no munic��pio de Lajes/RN.

Ocupando uma ��rea de 665,7km2 (equivalente a 1,25% da superf��cie estadual), o Munic��pio de Lajes at�� o in��cio do s��culo XX era um pequeno distrito do Munic��pio de Jardim de Angicos, localizada na Regi��o Central do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Quando decretado munic��pio, em 1914, Lajes tornou-se o principal entreposto comercial do estado, uma vez que sua posi����o geogr��fica a colocava como rota principal entre os munic��pios produtores de mercadorias e a capital do estado, Natal, situada a 125km a Leste do munic��pio. Esta confort��vel posi����o de entreposto comercial cristalizou-se com a constru����o da estrada de ferro Sampaio Correia, em 1919, que agilizou o escoamento das mercadorias advindas do interior com Natal, principalmente o algod��o, que at�� a d��cada de 1980 era a principal fonte econ��mica do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Com a crise do algod��o e a constru����o de estradas ligando diretamente os mercados produtores com a capital, Lajes perde a condi����o de principal entreposto comercial do estado, e sua economia entra em decad��ncia. Vastas ��reas de caatinga onde outrora se plantava algod��o foram abandonadas, deixando os solos destas terras livres para a a����o erosiva dos ventos e das torrenciais chuvas de outono. Situada numa por����o do estado que sofre direto sombreamento das escarpas da Serra do Feiticeiro, o munic��pio de Lajes tem se configurado como um importante laborat��rio para o estudo da desertifica����o no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. A partir de uma an��lise Geossist��mica, procurou-se diagnosticar o atual quadro da desertifica����o nesta por����o semi-��rida do estado. Para tanto, utilizou-se os m��todos quantitativos de an��lise, dentre eles os m��todos desenvolvidos durante a elabora����o do Pan Brasil, com a constru����o dos Balan��os H��dricos e ��ndices de Aridez do munic��pio. Os dados referentes aos ��ndices de aridez de Lajes apontam para um profundo processo de ressecamento do ar na regi��o, corroborando inclusive com os dados referentes ao aquecimento global divulgados pelo IPCC (Intergovernamental Panel on Climate Change) no m��s de fevereiro de 2007

Fragilidade ambiental da bacia hidrogr��fica do Rio Serid�� (RN/PB Brasil)

There are many applications coming from geomorphological studies and their different constitutive and inter related elements, to the implementation of public politics of planning and environmental management. This search presents an analysis of the environmental fragility of the watershed of Serid�� River, situated between the states of Para��ba and Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil), including the identification of possible unstable areas. It is based on the methodological approach of Ecodynamics of the French researcher J. Tricart (1977) and on the operalisation proposal advocated by the Brazilian J. Ross (1994), related to the Potential and Emerging Ecodynamic Units, grounded in the Relief s Dissection Index or the topographic roughness, soil, rainfall and land use/vegetal cover. Under a quantitative perspective, the results obtained from the analysis of the watershed can be divided into classes of potential fragility: around 2.613,0 km�� of low intensity, 5.188,4 km�� of medium intensity and 2.585,5 km�� of high intensity. Concerning the emerging fragility, the results are close to 2.212,0 km�� of low intensity, 6.191,23 km�� of medium intensity and 2.062,34 km�� of high intensity. In the case of the watershed in question, the environmental degradation is particularly effective in the areas more dissected, where the ecological conditions, in synergy the environmental degradation, prevent the regeneration of vegetation when arises an opportunity for the (re)establishment of its equilibrium tenuous. The collected data is relevant for the territorial and environmental planning of the watershed, once we can still verify a close association of the cities on the central area of desertification with the areas of high environmental instability/fragility. This is an important tool to the understanding of the potential susceptibility of the natural and anthropic environments related to the advance and/or intensification of the erosion process, rock falls, mass movements, among other phenomena inside the potential unstable areas. From this perspective, the continuity of this research becomes extremely important to the understanding and arrangement of the process, together with the engendering and sustainability of the system in its totality; in narrow correlation because their potentialities, constraints and alternatives on Serid�� River watershed, and in all the semi-arid region with similar characteristics

Fragilidade ambiental da bacia hidrogr��fica do Rio Puna�� (RN) e ��rea litor��nea adjacente

Hydrographic basins always exercised a big fascination over humankind that attracted for its scenery beauty or for its richness in natural resources, had been acting in order to modify these important ecosystems without, therefore, considering the possible consequences of these changes. The attributed importance to the coast ecosystems, in eminence to the hydrographic basin of Puna�� river and adjacent areas, is had when it s verified the diversity of the ecosystems that contemplate it. Hydrographic basin in evidence in Rio Grande do Norte state, occupies an area of nearly 652.71 km��, being it sited in the homogeneous micro-region Litoral Nordeste, with a regional population estimated in nearly 75,188 inhabitants, according to the Anu��rio Estat��stico do Rio Grande do Norte 2004. The region of the researched basin is formed by seven municipal districts related as it follows: Maxaranguape, Pedra Grande, Pureza, Rio do Fogo, S��o Miguel de Touros, Taipu and Touros, but Maxaranguape, Rio do Fogo, Touros and Pureza have a direct participation in the basin. Basin in study have it lands evaluated according to the agriculturist aptitude by the conventionally methodology practiced in the country, having as objective, then, a compara-tive analysis between the ambient unities, Aeolian littoral and coast tray, identified in the researched area. From the characterization of the physic way of the area in study and owning the kept data, it was proceeded the integrated analysis of the structural elements of the landscape which were evidenced that the fragile areas are associated with the areas of agriculture cultivation, such as the ones of irregular occupation. About the degradation, the ambient diagnostic of the basin indicated that the equivalent to the Aeolian Littoral Ambient Unit correspond to the bigger pledging of the ambient quality, in other words, high ambient fragility, being this result due to the use and occupation of the soil, propitiating this way, vulnerability in the vegetal cover of the area, despite it disposes of a low agriculture cultivation percentage. Already in the Coast Ambient Tray, is emphasized the medium ambient fragility, despite of the high index of cultivated area. In a general way, the total area of the hydrographic basin of Puna�� river and adjacent areas presented ambient impacts over the tolerance limit, indicating the necessity of a review of the practices of use and handling of the soil, reforesting of the water courses edges, control of erosion and contamination of the aqueous in the perspective to reduce the effects of the impacts due to the use and occupation of the basin in regard. The present search evaluated the ambient impacts diagnosised in the hydrographic basin of Puna�� river and adjacent areas, pointing the causes and the probable consequences of the damages caused by these impacts to the basin ambient. From the analysis of these data, if was possible to become explicit how they are fundamental as key elements in the process of decision taking in the ambient questions

Imagem s��cio-ambiental do bairro de Cidade Nova, Natal-RN, por seus moradores

This dissertation investigates how the neighborhood of Cidade Nova, located in the western side of the of Natal, is perceived by its residents in order to understand its socio-environmental image, intending to contribute both to define strategies of urban intervention and environmental education in the area and to consolidate a methodology that addresses this kind of problem. The completion of field research used a multimethod strategy to study the socio-environmental image of urban areas. It consists of: (a) review of local history from literature research, data recorded by the City Hall, news published on the city's newspapers and interviews with former inhabitants, (b) application of questionnaires to inhabitants including emotions, visual perception, memory and local social activities, (c) development of a drawing of the district, (d) conducting focus groups with inhabitants, using as a starting point the results obtained in the previous activities. In steps "b" and "c" attended 32 neighborhood residents, 16 of them being Community Health Workers and other 16 persons appointed by them. In step "d" 10 individuals took part, divided into two groups. The result of the research showed a picture of residents coincident with the image conveyed by the media in relation to the issues: violence, garbage, public policy/social support and appreciation of the beauties of environmental (dunes and Parque da Cidade park). Although Cidade Nova has been regarded as a dirty, noisy and dangerous place, most of the participants say they enjoy living on the neighborhood. Overall, the results corroborate and gain theoretical explanations, as they are interrelated. The socio-environmental image is expressed for instance in the elements dunes, dump, railroad tracks and Central Avenue that gain symbolic connotation influenced by time and socio-economic context. The insecurity and other negative characteristics assigned by the inhabitants and the media are parallel to the place attachment, since the environmental legibility, the time/familiarity and territoriality offer inhabitants the preference for place of residence, setting up their social identity.

Sustentabilidade ambiental e qualidade da ��gua do reservat��rio Itans (Caic��-RN)

This study aimed to assess the sustainability of the Caic��-RN through the application of the Barometer of Sustainability. Scales of performance were made and the results were processed and placed in the scale of that tool, varying from 0 to 100. The results indicate that Caic�� has a potentially untenable position in accordance with the Barometer of Sustainability

Bairro Planalto, Natal-RN: agentes, usos e conflitos

This research has the goal to analyze the urban setting of the Planalto neighborhood, in Natal /RN, seeking to unravel the processes, agents and contradictions associated with the production of the space. The choice of neighborhood is justified by the observation that changes in its urban setting have been growing in speedy way. We highlight the performance of the housing market, in partnership with the state, and the construction of condominiums and buildings closed by the housing program Minha Casa, Minha Vida. This has favored the reproduction of a new " urban reality in the neighborhood, setting an urban standard that differs from the original morphology, seen as peripheral within the urban dynamics of the city. The research is a qualitative study, through documents, interviews with stakeholders, and photographic documentation. In this perspective , we seek to understand the current phase (2000s) the production of space in the neighborhood process through the development of the housing market , as an extension of the urban development in central zone of Natal/RN, analyzing the performance of agents and their producers the "new " uses redefining the "old ". Thus, it can be seen that there is in the neighborhood, urban reality in a pluralistic constitution, from the existence of different social classes inhabiting the same space. On this way, the city is produced from the appropriation of space by different social classes, although due to the economic condition of each of them

Geomorfologia aplicada �� fragilidade e ao zoneamento ambiental de Caxias/MA

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

Da cr��tica �� rela����o sociedadenatureza no ensino de Geografia �� cr��tica da quest��o ambiental na m��dia

O ensino de Geografia defrontase com in��meros desafios no que compete �� forma����o de cidad��os com efetiva atua����o social. Neste estudo, apontase, como um destes desafios, o racioc��nio espacial, tendo como ponto de partida a compreens��o multiescalar e multifacetada da quest��o ambiental por meio do reconhecimento dos diversos discursos e significados que permeiam essa quest��o. A m��dia constituise, nos ��ltimos tempos, em expressiva inst��ncia para a produ����o de sentidos e de representa����es acerca do que vem a constituir esse debate, tendo o docente um papel indispens��vel na media����o da pr��tica educativa e na problematiza����o dos processos que se pretendem hegem��nicos. Considerando essas quest��es, este estudo discute o movimento a ser estabelecido da cr��tica �� rela����o sociedadenatureza no ensino de Geografia �� cr��tica da quest��o ambiental apresentada pela m��dia. Para tal, desenvolveuse uma metodologia de pesquisa que, envolvendo professores e alunos, buscou confrontar as concep����es e pr��ticas enunciadas como as respons��veis pelo debate ambiental em sala de aula com a quest��o ambiental difundida pela m��dia, sendo observados como principais aspectos: a persistente dicotomia sociedade versus natureza como a principal respons��vel pela dificuldade de professores e alunos na an��lise da quest��o ambiental; o n��o reconhecimento, por parte dos professores, de que essa dicotomia ainda se faz latente no pensar e no fazer geogr��fico na escola; a car��ncia de uma media����o pedag��gica entre o material da m��dia e o conhecimento geogr��fico incorrendo na n��o problematiza����o de importantes elementos concernentes �� quest��o ambiental; as informa����es ambientais da m��dia t��mse sobreposto ao conhecimento geogr��fico do ambiente a ser pautado na rela����o sociedadenatureza; o reprodutivismo dos discursos e representa����es medi��ticos sobre a natureza, o ambiente e o espa��o pelos alunos. Portanto, a partir dessas constata����es, concluise que as percep����es da quest��o ambiental, deslocadas da compreens��o anal��tica e cr��tica da rela����o sociedadenatureza na contemporaneidade, podem conduzir a interpreta����es fragment��rias e simplificadoras do espa��o. Como contrapontos a essa perspectiva, s��o apresentados aspectos das teorias da complexidade (Edgar Morin) e da totalidade (na concep����o geogr��fica de Milton Santos) como importantes alternativas anal��ticas para o combate da vis��o dicot��mica homem (sociedade) versus meio (natureza) e, por conseguinte, para o fortalecimento da compreens��o do espa��o enquanto uma totalidade dial��tica.

Educa����o ambiental: media����es sociais e pol��ticas e a indol��ncia do Poder P��blico �� sua inclus��o no ensino formal

As a result of the prediction of irreversible changes on necessary conditions to maintain life, including human, on the planet, environmental education got the spotlight in the political scenario, due to social pressure for the development of individual and collective values, knowledge, skills, attitudes and competences towards environmental preservation. In Brazil, only in 1999 the right for environmental education was officially granted to people, having the status of essential and permanent component in the country s education. Since then, it has been Government s duty, in each federal branch, to plan actions to make it happen, in an articulate way in all levels and modalities of the education process, both formally and informally. This work of research has environmental education in the school as subject matter, and aims on analyzing social and political mediations established between this National Environmental Education policy and the contexts associated to the legislative production process, the political nature of the conceptions about environmental education that underlie Law 9.795/99 (Brazil, 2009c) and also Rio Grande do Norte Government s actions and omissions related to the imperative nature of the insertion of environmental education in the schools ran by the state, during the ten years this law has been in force. The investigation of the subject matter was led by a social and historical understanding of the social and environmental phenomena, as well as of the education system as a whole, considering that only through a dialectical view we can see the real world, by destroying the pseudo-concreteness that surrounds the topic. While analyzing, we assumed that in face of the dominance of a social organization in which market regulations rule on environmental ones, by developing individual and collective critical conscience, environmental education can become a threat to dominant economical interests in exploiting natural resources. The results of this research suggest that as an educational practice to be developed in an integrated, continuous and permanent fashion in all levels and modalities of formal education, environmental education has not yet come to pass in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, due to the neglect and disrespect of the government when facing the need of promoting the necessary and legally appointed measures to make it present in the basic education provided by the state. The legislators silence when it comes to approving a regulation on environmental education essential to define policies, rules and criteria to teaching the subject in the state and the omission from the public administration regarding critical actions in order to integrate in public schools the activities related to the National Environmental Education Policy, represent a political decision for not doing anything, despite the legal demand for an active position. This neglecting attitude for the actualizing of strategically concrete actions, urgent and properly planned for the implementation of environmental education in schools in a multidisciplinary way, exposes the lack of interest the predominant classes have in such kind of education being made available, as it could be developed based on a critic political view, becoming a political and educational action against dominance. When analyzing the basic principles and fundamental goals in Law 9.795/99 (Brazil, 2009c) the development of a critic environmental education is really possible and concurs with the National Environmental Education Policy, reflecting the social and political mediations established between this public policy and the contexts associated to its legislative production process, which are responsible for approving a regulation which also represents the mind of the people about environmental protection above anything else

Vulnerabilidade Ambiental aos processos erosivos lineares nas ��reas rurais do munic��pio de Presidente Prudente-SP

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

Dep��sitos tecnog��nicos na regi��o noroeste de Goi��nia (GO)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient��fico e Tecnol��gico (CNPq)