Evaluation of Opuntia spp. bioactive products as promising natural chemotherapeutical agents- an in vitro approach

Dissertation to obtain a Master Degree in Biotechnology

Use of sub-lethal high pressure homogenization (HPH) treatments to enhance functional properties of lactic acid bacteria probiotic strains

The aim of this PhD thesis was to evaluate the effect of a sub-lethal HPH treatment on some probiotic properties and on cell response mechanisms of already-known functional strains, isolated from Argentinean dairy products. The results achieved showed that HPH treatments, performed at a sub-lethal level of 50 MPa, increased some important functional and technological characteristics of the considered non intestinal probiotic strains. In particular, HPH could modify cell hydrophobicity, autoaggregation and resistance to acid gastric conditions (tested in in vitro model), cell viability and cell production of positive aroma compounds, during a refrigerate storage in a simulated dairy product. In addition, HPH process was able to increase also some probiotic properties exerted in vivo and tested for two of the considered strains. In fact, HPH-treated cells were able to enhance the number of IgA+ cells more than other not treated cells, although this capacity was time dependent. On the other hand, HPH treatment was able to modify some important characteristics that are linked to the cell wall and, consequently, could alter the adhesion capacity in vivo and the interaction with the intestinal cells. These modifications, involving cell outermost structures, were highlighted also by Trasmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. In fact, the micrographs obtained showed a significant effect of the pressure treatment on the cell morphology and particularly on the cell wall. Moreover, the results achieved showed that composition of plasma membranes and their level of unsaturation are involved in response mechanisms adopted by cells exposed to the sub-lethal HPH treatment. Although the response to the treatment varied according to the characteristics of individual strains, time of storage and suspension media employed, the results of present study, could be exploited to enhance the quality of functional products and to improve their organoleptic properties.

Nutritional and chemical characterization of food products enriched with biological produced fruits of Vaccinum myrtillus L

Vaccinum myrtillus L. belongs to Ericaceae family, being commonly known for its sweet small fruits: the blueberries. Widely consumed in fresh, these fruits are also used in jams and marmalades due to their digestive and hypoglycemic properties and also due to the presence of several bioactive compounds [!]. Therefore, it has become a very appealing matrix in the development of functional products that, beyond their nutritional properties, will add a long-term beneficial physiological/health effect [2]. In the present work, three novel blueberry based products developed by RBR Foods Company (Portugal), were characterized in terms of their nutritional and chemical properties: carbohydrates, ash, proteins, fat and energetic value (following official methods of food analysis), fatty acids profile (by CG-FID), soluble sugars (by HPLCRI), organic acids (by HPLC-DAD) and tocopherols (by HPLC-fluorescence). The products result from a mixture of the fruits with rose petals (PI), marigold petals (P2) and apple and goji berries (P3). The blueberry fruits were used as control sample. The nutritional profile of the novel products was very similar to the control sample: the carbohydrates were the most abundant macronutrient, followed by proteins and total fat. Regarding sugars, fructose, glucose and sucrose were identified in all the samples. P 1 and P2 didn't show significant differences in comparison to the control, however, P3 revealed a lower concentration of sugars. In terms of fatty acids composition, all the studied samples presented higher contents in polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially due to the contribution of linoleic and alinolenic acids. The results of tocopherols revealed that the control sample only presented two isoforrns of tocopherols, a- and y-tocopherol, being the same observed in P3. However, P 1 revealed the presence of all the isoforrns of tocopherols, while P2 was lacking otocopherol; which is related with the contribution of rose and marigold petals, respectively. The a-tocopherol isoforrn was the most abundant in all the studied samples. Overall, this work contributed to the nutritional characterization of novel blueberry based products and is a part of a wider project that aims the detailed study of these products, namely their potential to be used as functional foods.

Acabamentos funcionais têxteis aplicados por estamparia digital em substratos têxteis ativados por plasma

Tese de Doutoramento em Engenharia Têxtil

Óleo da castanha de caju: oportunidades e desafios no contexto do desenvolvimento e sustentabilidade industrial

The new millennium is marked by a growing search for renewable fuels and alternative raw materials from biomass in the petrochemicals industry. However, there are many challenges to overcome regarding technological and human resources aspects. In this scenario, cashew nut oil, which is rich in natural phenols, is considered to be very promising for the development of synthetic and functional products and as a feedstock for production of fine chemicals and a wide variety of new materials.

Evaluation of some residual bioactivities of microencapsulated Phaseolus lunatus protein fraction with carboxymethylated flamboyant (Delonix regia) gum/sodium alginate

Recent studies have shown the beneficial effect of peptides, an unexploited source could be Phaseolus lunatus being an important raw material for those functional products in order to improve their utilization. In addition to improve the beneficial effect of bioactive peptides the microencapsulation could be a way to protect the peptides against the environment to which they are exposed. P. lunatus protein fraction (<10 kDa of weight) was encapsulated using a blend of carboxymethylated flamboyant gum (CFG) and sodium alginate (SA) at different concentrations of CaCl2 and hardening times. After in vitro digestion of microcapsules the residual activity, in the intestinal system, both inhibition of agiotensin-converting enzyme (I-ACE) and antioxidant activity obtained were in a range of 0.019-0.136 mg/mL and 570.64-813.54 mM of TEAC respectively. The microencapsulation employed CFG/SA blends could be used controlled delivery of peptide fractions with potential use as a nutraceutical or therapeutic agents.

Fat reduction in the formulation of frankfurter sausages using inulin and pectin

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different concentrations of inulin and pectin as fat substitutes on the chemical composition, texture, and sensory acceptance of frankfurter sausages. Six treatments were evaluated to test fat replacement: control (T0); low fat control (T1); low fat with 15% inulin (T2); low fat with 30% inulin (T3); low fat with 7.5% inulin and 7.5% pectin (T4); and low fat with 15% inulin and 15% pectin (T5). The addition of fibers increased the yield (T3 and T5; 98.96%), and the color parameters were slightly reduced (T3). Moisture (61.14%) and ashes (6.96%) of sausages with inulin and pectin were higher (T5), while shear force, hardness, fracturability, gumminess, and chewiness (T3 and T5) were slightly lower than those of the control. The addition of inulin (T2) increased the sensory acceptance of the sausages (5.75). Fat can be replaced with inulin and pectin in frankfurter sausages to produce healthy and functional products.

Innovatiivisten ja funktionaalisten tuotteiden kysynnän ennustaminen terveydenhuollonalan tukkuyrityksessä

Tässä diplomityössä tutkitaan miten kysyntää voidaan ennustaa erityyppisille tuotteille. Työssä esitellään miten funktionaaliset ja innovatiiviset tuotteet poikkeavat toisistaan sekä miten niiden toimitusketjut eroavat. Työssä esitellään kvantitatiivisia ja kvalitatiivisia menetelmiä kysynnän ennustamiseen erityyppisille tuotteille ja sitä kuinka ennustemenetelmä tulisi tuotteille valita. Työssä käydään läpi ennusteprosessi, ennusteiden suorituskyvyn mittaaminen ja ennustamisen hyödyt ja sudenkuopat. Työn käytännönosuus on tehty kohdeyritykselle, joka toimii terveydenhuollonalan maahantuojana ja tukkuyrityksenä. Työn tarkoituksena on luoda yritykselle ennusteenvalintatyökalu, jonka avulla voidaan valita yrityksen toisistaan poikkeaville tuotteille tarpeeseen sopivia kysynnän ennusteita. Työssä luodaan ennusteet neljälle yrityksen toisistaan poikkeavalle tuoteryhmälle, joista jokaisella on erilainen tarve ennusteen käytölle. Jokaisesta tuoteryhmästä on valittu yhdestä kolmeen tuotetta, joille luodaan ennusteet käyttäen yhtä tai kahta erilaista menetelmää ja niiden suoriutumista verrataan yksinkertaisimpaan menetelmään, naiiviin menetelmän tuloksiin.

Bogotá Chirriadísima

Bogotá Chirriadísima nace al identificar la gran oportunidad que tienen los souvenirs como una propuesta alternativa dentro del sector artesanal; la falta de innovación y el crecimiento del turismo en la ciudad, han creado el campo de acción para los productos que ofrecen un concepto 100% Bogotano. Estos productos a parte de cumplir su función de recordar gratos momentos de la experiencias vividas, son un medio para trasmitir una imagen histórica de los atractivos turísticos de la ciudad como de los lugares poco visitados que aun guardan su magia natural. Buscamos ofrecer productos funcionales y diferentes a los convencionales, con la idea de que en diferentes actividades hagan parte de la vida del turista. Al contar con mercado turístico en crecimiento, siendo Bogotá la ciudad mas visitada del país, se determino el tamaño de mercado por más de 55 mil millones de pesos; sin embargo por las condiciones de inicio del proyecto nos enfocaremos en una pequeña parte del segmento. Para desarrollar el proyecto se requiere de una inversión inicial de 28,3 millones de pesos, con el objetivo de lograr para el primer año la venta de 5.510 unidades que representen ingresos por más de 160 millones de pesos, para el segundo año se incrementa la producción a 9.743 unidades con ingresos por mas de 288 millones de pesos, lo que equivale a un incremento del 72% con respecto al año anterior. Finalmente para el año 3, se prevé un incremento en las ventas del 84% con ingresos por más de 532 millones correspondientes a 17.503 unidades El flujo del proyecto para el periodo de tres años, arroja una TIR o rentabilidad anual promedio de 124,39% lo cual determina que es un proyecto viable y de bajo riesgo, en cuanto al Valor Presente Neto, el proyecto arroja 102 millones adicionales, es decir que es mas rentable invertir los recursos en este proyecto que en uno que rente al 20% anual, finalmente, como la suma de las utilidades del primer y segundo año es superior a la inversión inicial, se determina que el Periodo de Recuperación de la Inversión se da en el segundo año.

In vitro study on the cell adhesion ability of immobilized lactobacilli on natural supports

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of probiotic immobilization onto wheat grains, both wet and freeze dried, on the adhesion properties of the probiotic cells and make comparisons with wet and freeze dried free cells. Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 and Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB 8826 were used as model probiotic strains. The results showed satisfactory adhesion ability of free cells to a monolayer of Caco-2 cells (> 1000 CFU/100 Caco-2 cells for wet cells). Cell immobilization resulted in a significant decrease in adhesion, for both wet and freeze dried formulations, most likely because immobilized cells did not have direct access to the Caco-2 cells, but it still remained in adequate levels (> 100 CFU/100 Caco-2 cells for wet cells). No clear correlation could be observed between cell adhesion and the hydrophobicity of the bacterial cells, measured by the hexadecane adhesion assay. Most notably, immobilization enhanced the monolayer integrity of Caco-2 cells, demonstrated by a more than 2-fold increase in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) compared to free cells. SEM micrographs ascertained the adhesion of both immobilized and free cells to the brush border microvilli. Finally, the impact of the food matrix on the adhesion properties of probiotic bacteria and on the design of novel functional products is discussed.

Expressão em Escherichia coli e produção de antissoro policlonal para proteína P1 do Southern bean mosaic virus

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Supply chain strategies in the context of an ecommerce chain (E-Chain)

This paper purpose to explore the relationships between supply chain strategies and product performance in retail e-commerce. In this case, we concern that in current, in order to bear up under competition, organizations have to manage their supply chains so that they meet the needs of their final customers. With this concept in mind, the research presented in this study focuses on establishing the right strategy for supply chains according to their product segment. Thus, after a Literature Review, the paper explain a methodology based in different authors studies. Finally the article focuses on a pratical case in e-commerce retail that describes its application in this field. The research shows that it is possible to use a methodology for classifying supply chains using chain strategies and product features. The use of the right strategy for supply chains will improve the competitive advantage of businesses. One limitation is that the methodology study focuses on only two e-commerce segment; future studies may go further in refining the proposed framework for other segments. The aim of this research is to offer businesses a model for evaluating supply chains, allowing them to improve the performance of their products and services by using the right strategy for supply chains. The classification proposal of this paper presents an original model for classification of supply chains based on different studies on the theme.

Publicidade de alimentos funcionais uma análise retórico-discursiva

Produtos funcionais fazem parte do nosso cotidiano, cada vez mais caracterizado pela ênfase na saúde e qualidade de vida. A pesquisa proposta, com abordagem qualitativa, objetiva analisar a propaganda de produtos e alimentos funcionais que utilizam como elemento persuasivo expressões ou conceitos científicos, considerando o status e a credibilidade que a ciência tem em nossa sociedade. O corpus constitui-se de duas peças comerciais de produtos (margarina e iogurte) que utilizam esse expediente em sua comunicação. Busca-se analisar a bibliografia existente sobre alimentos funcionais, contemporaneidade, cultura, grupos sociais, publicidade, análise do discurso e retórica, porém, centra-se a análise na organização da mensagem, especialmente no que se refere à argumentação retórica e ao discurso, ensejando, uma visita crítica da persuasão disfarçada sobre a argumentação ligada à beleza e saúde. Espera-se com o trabalho entender o processo de construção retórica da argumentação, para a persuasão, em torno de alimentos funcionais, que utilizam em sua comunicação expressões científicas ligadas aos princípios de funcionalidade desses produtos, entre outras características desse discurso especializado.

Catalytic applications of waste derived materials

Sustainability has become a watchword and guiding principle for modern society, and with it a growing appreciation that anthropogenic 'waste', in all its manifold forms, can offer a valuable source of energy, construction materials, chemicals and high value functional products. In the context of chemical transformations, waste materials not only provide alternative renewable feedstocks, but also a resource from which to create catalysts. Such waste-derived heterogeneous catalysts serve to improve the overall energy and atom-efficiency of existing and novel chemical processes. This review outlines key chemical transformations for which waste-derived heterogeneous catalysts have been developed, spanning biomass conversion to environmental remediation, and their benefits and disadvantages relative to conventional catalytic technologies.