The monstrous archive. Aesthetics of decay and horror in found footage films

Ce texte a été présenté à la table ronde « Contested Footage: Snuff, Disease, the Avant-Garde, and the Archive » lors du congrès annuel de la PCA/ACA (Popular Culture Association/American Culture Association) qui se tenait à la Nouvelle-Orléans, du 1er au 4 avril 2015. La participation à ce congrès s’inscrivait dans le cadre du projet de recherche « Archives et création : nouvelles perspectives sur l’archivistique » sous la direction d’Yvon Lemay. Ce projet est financée par le Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada (CRSH) dans le cadre du programme Savoir (2013-2016).

Autour de Pierre Falardeau : found footage et réemploi d'images dans le cinéma politique

Ce mémoire portera sur le réemploi d’images dans le cinéma politique d’une manière générale dans un premier temps, puis plus spécifiquement dans l’oeuvre du cinéaste québécois Pierre Falardeau. Il s’agit donc d’abord de regarder comment, d’un point de vue historique, l’image fut réemployée dans le cinéma documentaire classique. Il sera ensuite question de la réutilisation de l’image à des fins politiques dans le cinéma expérimental à travers une analyse du found footage film. Dans un deuxième temps, nous verrons le réemploi d’images dans le cinéma militant, engagé politiquement (voire révolutionnaire) dans le cinéma d’Amérique latine (Santiago Alvarez, Fernando Solanas et Octavio Getino) et en France (Guy Debord, Chris Marker et Jean-Luc Godard). Par la suite, nous verrons comment Pierre Falardeau recyclera des images principalement dans trois de ses documentaires : Pea Soup, Speak White et Le temps des bouffons. Nous allons voir où il se situe dans les différentes traditions de réemploi d’images que nous avons vu précédemment et comment il se rapprochait et se distinguait de ses prédécesseurs.

Found Footage, mouvement cinématographique contemporain

Ce travail a pour objet le found footage, analysé en tant que pratique de recyclage culturel et comme important mouvement cinématographique de notre époque. L’étude trace d’abord un parallèle entre la fabrication du film d’images trouvées et le processus de recyclage industriel. Ensuite, le travail aborde les influences artistiques de ce mouvement du cinéma expérimental initié dans les années 1960, qui s’intensifie de plus en plus depuis l’avènement des dernières technologies numériques. En dernier lieu, l’étude propose une mise au point sur le found footage à l’ère des technologies numériques, en analysant les causes et conséquences de la (re)montée du mouvement, et en tenant compte de sa présence qui se multiplie sur l’Internet, par le biais du mashup.

Le temps décomposé : cinéma et imaginaire de la ruine

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Archives et création : nouvelles perspectives sur l’archivistique

Ce cahier de recherche fait état des travaux menés au cours de la deuxième étape (2014-2015) du projet « Archives et création : nouvelles perspectives sur l’archivistique ». Les textes sont les suivants : Yvon Lemay et Anne Klein, « Préface », p. 4-5; Yvon Lemay, « Deuxième cahier de recherche : présentation », p. 6-26; Érika Nimis, « Combler les silences de l’histoire africaine. Ou comment des artistes visuels s’approprient des archives photographiques pour éclairer le passé à la lumière du présent », p. 27-42; Hélène Brousseau, « L'utilisation d’archives dans les arts visuels : dialogue entre une artiste et une archiviste », p. 43-58; Simon Côté-Lapointe, « Créer à partir d’archives : bilan, démarches et techniques d’un projet exploratoire », p. 59-95; Annaëlle Winand, « Le concept d’archive(s) et les films de réemploi », p. 96-111; Nicolas Bednarz et Céline Widmer, « Archives au pluriel : le Montréal de 1914-1918. L’expérience d’une création collaborative et multidisciplinaire », p. 112-142; Mattia Scarpulla, « La mémoire performative. Considérations sur les traces de la danse et les dispositifs de capture des mouvements », p. 143-173; Yvon Lemay et Anne Klein, « Quartiers disparus : l’envers du décor », p. 174-190. De plus, le cahier comprend une « Bibliographie » des travaux effectués sur les archives et la création depuis 2007, p. 191-196, et des informations sur « Les auteurs », p. 197.

The Body, the Film, the Archive and the Monster

Paper presented during the roundtable “The Exquisite Corpus: Film Heritage and Found Footage Films. Passing Through/Across Medias and Film Bodies” at the XIV MAGIS – Gorizia International Film Studies Spring School in Gorizia, Italy, March 9-15 2016

Archives et création : nouvelles perspectives sur l’archivistique. Cahier 3

Ce cahier de recherche fait état des travaux menés au cours de la troisième étape (2015-2016) du projet « Archives et création : nouvelles perspectives sur l’archivistique ». Les textes sont les suivants : Yvon Lemay et Anne Klein, « Introduction », p. 4-9 ; Ana Pato, « How to speak of trauma? », p. 10-34 ; Annaëlle Winand, « Matériau temporel et images tactiles : l’archive dans Western Sunburn de Karl Lemieux », p. 35-50 ; Anne Klein, « Des archives au théâtre : Sauvageau Sauvageau de Christian Lapointe », p. 51-77 ; Mattia Scarpulla, Les archivistes dansent. Description et analyse de Les gestes de nos mémoires, performance littéraire sur la gestion des archives, p. 78-130 ; Simon Côté-Lapointe, « Diffusion des archives et création : un bilan d’expérience », p. 131-161 ; Yvon Lemay et Anne Klein, « Archives et création : bilan et suites de la recherche », p. 162-200. De plus, le cahier comprend une « Bibliographie » des travaux effectués sur les archives et la création depuis 2007, p. 201-209, et des informations sur « Les auteurs », p.210.

Archives et création : nouvelles perspectives sur l’archivistique

Ce cahier de recherche fait état des travaux menés au cours de la troisième étape (2015-2016) du projet « Archives et création : nouvelles perspectives sur l’archivistique ». Les textes sont les suivants : Yvon Lemay et Anne Klein, « Introduction », p. 4-9 ; Ana Pato, « How to speak of trauma? », p. 10-34 ; Annaëlle Winand, « Matériau temporel et images tactiles : l’archive dans Western Sunburn de Karl Lemieux », p. 35-50 ; Anne Klein, « Des archives au théâtre : Sauvageau Sauvageau de Christian Lapointe », p. 51-77 ; Mattia Scarpulla, Les archivistes dansent. Description et analyse de Les gestes de nos mémoires, performance littéraire sur la gestion des archives, p. 78-130 ; Simon Côté-Lapointe, « Diffusion des archives et création : un bilan d’expérience », p. 131-161 ; Yvon Lemay et Anne Klein, « Archives et création : bilan et suites de la recherche », p. 162-200. De plus, le cahier comprend une « Bibliographie » des travaux effectués sur les archives et la création depuis 2007, p. 201-209, et des informations sur « Les auteurs », p.210.

Documentary practice in a participatory culture

Debates concerning the veracity, ethics and politics of the documentary form circle endlessly around the function of those who participate in it, and the meaning attributed to their participation. Great significance is attached to the way that documentary filmmakers do or do not participate in the world they seek to represent, just as great significance is attached to those subjects whose participation extends beyond playing the part of eyewitness or expert, such that they become part of the very filmmaking process itself. This Ph.D. explores the interface between documentary practice and participatory culture by looking at how their practices, discursive fields and histories intersect, but also by looking at how participating in one might mean participating in the other. In short, the research is an examination of participatory culture through the lens of documentary practice and documentary criticism. In the process, however, this examination of participatory culture will in turn shed light on documentary thinking, especially the meaning and function of ‘the participant’ in contemporary documentary practice. A number of ways of conceiving of participation in documentary practice are discussed in this research, but one of the ideas that gives purpose to that investigation is the notion that the participant in contemporary documentary practice is someone who belongs to a participatory culture in particular. Not only does this mean that those subjects who play a part in a documentary are already informed by their engagement with a range of everyday media practices before the documentary apparatus arrives, the audience for such films are similarly informed and engaged. This audience have their own expectations about how they should be addressed by media producers in general, a fact that feeds back into their expectations about participatory approaches to documentary practice too. It is the ambition of this research to get closer to understanding the relationship between participants in the audience, in documentary and ancillary media texts, as well as behind the camera, and to think about how these relationships constitute a context for the production and reception of documentary films, but also how this context might provide a model for thinking about participatory culture itself. One way that documentary practice and participatory culture converge in this research is in the kind of participatory documentary that I call the ‘Camera Movie’, a narrow mode of documentary filmmaking that appeals directly to contemporary audiences’ desires for innovation and participation, something that is achieved in this case by giving documentary subjects control of the camera. If there is a certain inevitability about this research having to contend with the notion of the ‘participatory documentary’, the ‘participatory camera’ also emerges strongly in this context, especially as a conduit between producer and consumer. Making up the creative component of this research are two documentaries about the reality television event Band In A Bubble, and participatory media practices more broadly. The single-screen film, Hubbub , gives form to the collective intelligence and polyphonous voice of contemporary audiences who must be addressed and solicited in increasingly innovative ways. One More Like That is a split-screen, DVD-Video with alternate audio channels selected by a user who thereby chooses who listens and who speaks in the ongoing conversation between media producers and media consumers. It should be clear from the description above that my own practice does not extend to highly interactive, multi-authored or web-enabled practices, nor the distributed practices one might associate with social media and online collaboration. Mine is fundamentally a single authored, documentary video practice that seeks to analyse and represent participatory culture on screen, and for this reason the Ph.D. refrains from a sustained discussion of the kinds of collaborative practices listed above. This is not to say that such practices don’t also represent an important intersection of documentary practice and participatory culture, they simply represent a different point of intersection. Being practice-led, this research takes its procedural cues from the nature of the practice itself, and sketches parameters that are most enabling of the idea that the practice sets the terms of its own investigation.

Synthesis and properties of zirconia thin films

Thin films of zirconia have been synthesized using reactive DC magnetron sputtering. It has been found that films with good optical constants, high refractive index (1.9 at 600 nm) and low extinction coefficient can be prepared al ambient temperatures. The optical constants and band gnp and hence the composition nle dependent on the deposition parameters such as target power, rate of deposition and oxygen background pressure. Thermal annealing of the films revealed that tile films showed optical and crystalline inhomogeneity and also large variations in optical constants.

Metal-organic chemical vapour deposition of thin films of cobalt on different substrates: study of microstructure

We have investigated the microstructure of thin films grown by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition using a beta-diketonate complex of cobalt, namely cobalt (11) acetylacetonate. Films were deposited on three different substrates: Si(100), thermally oxidised silicon [SiO2/Si(100)] and glass at the same time. As-grown films were characterised by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, scanning tunnelling microscopy, atomic force microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry. Electrical resistivity was measured for all the films as a function of temperature. We found that films have very fine grains, resulting in high electrical resistivity Further, film microstructure has a strong dependence on the nature of the substrate and there is diffusion of silicon and oxygen into cobalt from the substrate. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

A estética documental no cinema ficcional de horror

O presente trabalho tem como proposta estudar o uso de estruturas documentais no cinema ficcional de horror, tipo de narrativa que ficou conhecida popularmente como found footage. Esses filmes fazem uso de uma linguagem propositalmente híbrida, associando a forma do documentário ao conteúdo da ficção e, hoje, encontram-se tão em voga que já possuem até mesmo clichês e estereótipos. A intenção é entender de que forma o gênero do horror se apropria douso de uma estética associada a registros documentais para favorecer as reações de medo no espectador. Para tanto, privilegiamos recortes na história do cinema e conceitos que possam contribuir para o desenvolvimento de nosso estudo, tanto no que diz respeito ao cinema documental, quanto no que diz respeito ao gênero de horror. Como objeto de análise mais detalhada, trazemos a trilogia inicial de da franquia Atividade Paranormal

Effect of the microwave oven on structural, morphological and electrical properties of SrBi4Ti4O15 thin films grown on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by a soft chemical method

Thin films of SrBi4Ti4O15 (SBTi), a prototype of the Bi-layered-ferroelectric oxide family, were obtained by a soft chemical method and crystallized in a domestic microwave oven. For comparison, films were also crystallized in a conventional method at 700 degrees C for 2 h. Structural and morphological characterization of the SBTi thin films were investigated by Xray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. Using platinum coated silicon substrates, the ferroelectric properties of the films were determined. Remanent polarization P-r and a coercive field E-c values of 5.1 mu C/cm(2) and 135 kV/cm for the film thermally treated in the microwave oven and 5.4 mu C/cm(2) and 85 kv/cm for the film thermally treated in conventional furnace were found. The films thermally treated in the conventional furnace exhibited excellent fatigue-free characteristics up to 10(10) switching cycles indicating that SBTi thin films are a promising material for use in non-volatile memories. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Influence of Mechanical and Thermal Boundary Conditions on Stabilizing/Destabilizing Mechanisms in Evaporating Liquid Films

Liquid films, evaporating or non-evaporating, are ubiquitous in nature and technology. The dynamics of evaporating liquid films is a study applicable in several industries such as water recovery, heat exchangers, crystal growth, drug design etc. The theory describing the dynamics of liquid films crosses several fields such as engineering, mathematics, material science, biophysics and volcanology to name a few. Interfacial instabilities typically manifest by the undulation of an interface from a presumed flat state or by the onset of a secondary flow state from a primary quiescent state or both. To study the instabilities affecting liquid films, an evaporating/non-evaporating Newtonian liquid film is subject to a perturbation. Numerical analysis is conducted on configurations of such liquid films being heated on solid surfaces in order to examine the various stabilizing and destabilizing mechanisms that can cause the formation of different convective structures. These convective structures have implications towards heat transfer that occurs via this process. Certain aspects of this research topic have not received attention, as will be obvious from the literature review. Static, horizontal liquid films on solid surfaces are examined for their resistance to long wave type instabilities via linear stability analysis, method of normal modes and finite difference methods. The spatiotemporal evolution equation, available in literature, describing the time evolution of a liquid film heated on a solid surface, is utilized to analyze various stabilizing/destabilizing mechanisms affecting evaporating and non-evaporating liquid films. The impact of these mechanisms on the film stability and structure for both buoyant and non-buoyant films will be examined by the variation of mechanical and thermal boundary conditions. Films evaporating in zero gravity are studied using the evolution equation. It is found that films that are stable to long wave type instabilities in terrestrial gravity are prone to destabilization via long wave instabilities in zero gravity.