Levantamento detalhado dos solos do campo experimental da embrapa meio ambiente.

Com o intuito de colaborar com o melhor conhecimento dos recursos de solos e visando fornecer subsídios para tomada de decisões na seleção de glebas e instalação de experimentos na área do Campo Experimental do Centro Nacional de Pesquisa do Meio Ambiente ? Embrapa Meio Ambiente no município de Jaguariúna ? Estado de São Paulo, elaborou-se o presente trabalho. Utilizou-se a metodologia preconizada pelo Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Solos Embrapa Solos, em todas as fases de execução dos trabalhos de campo, laboratório e escritório. Como material cartográfico básico, utilizou-se foto aérea (preto e branco) ampliada na escala 1:5.000. Este trabalho apresenta resultados do levantamento detalhado de solos realizado através do subprojeto 01.0.95.204.01 e contém informações básicas indispensáveis ao planejamento de uso dos solos. Os critérios utilizados para a legenda foram tipo de horizonte A, saturação por bases, saturação por alumínio, agrupamento de classes de textura, atividade da argila, vegetação e relevo, além da porcentagem de Fe 2 O 3 . O produto final foi a elaboração de um mapa de levantamento detalhado de solos, na escala 1:5.000. Foram mapeadas as seguintes classes de solo: Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro, Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo, Terra Roxa Estruturada e Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo

Introducción a la Geología de campo.

Familiarizar a los alumnos con los materiales geológicos y las técnicas elementales de trabajo que utiliza el geólogo. Conceptos básicos de Geología. Características geológicas y topográficas del entorno asturiano. Se trata de un programa a desarrollar en 30 horas de trabajo divididas en 10 sesiones teóricas en las que se repasarán algunos conceptos que se precisa tener claros antes de adentrarse en el campo, y se iniciará a los alumnos en la lectura e interpretación del mapa geológico. Describe también cinco salidas al campo en las que se realizarán varios cortes geológicos tipo, que les familiarice con la terminología geológica y los métodos de campo. Bibliografía especializada de Geología, Estratigrafía, Sedimentación, Geología de Asturias, Petrología, Fotogrametría, Fotogeología y Geomorfología. Explicación de conceptos y descripción de las características geológicas de Asturias. Relación de contenidos a exponer en las sesiones teóricas referentes a: el mapa topográfico, la brújula geológica y los materiales geológicos, la columna estratigráfica y las series sedimentarias, el mapa geológico (lectura e interpretación), el corte geográfico y la foto aérea, la tectónica y la cartografía geológica, el paisaje geológico (la geomorfología). Explicación de cómo realizar cinco prácticas consistentes en salidas al campo (Rinconín, la Ñora, alrededores de Gijón) y en las cuales se aprenderá: el manejo del mapa y la brújula, reconocimiento de rocas y estructuras, estudio de la columna estratigráfica, realización de cortes geológicos y visionado de fotos aéreas, estudio de estructuras tectónicas y análisis morfológico del paisaje.

Viejos paisajes, nuevas tecnologías: una reconstrucción del paisaje Holoceno con gvSIG y sextante

Con el objetivo de reconstruir el paisaje geomorfológico de finales del cuaternario y comienzos del Holoceno, se ha utilizado gvSIG y sextante para intentar establecer el paisaje a partir de los datos de campoarquelógicos y geomorfológicos recogidos durante una veintena de años en la cuenca media y alta del río Serpis. La evolución cuaternaria es la historia de un vaciado (erosión + denudación) de los valles del curso alto y medio del Serpis, con algunas interrupciones (fases de sedimentación). Testigos de dicha evolución son las terrazas fluviales adscritas por nosotros a diversos periodos del Cuaternario. La combinación de métodos tradicionales y el trabajo con el uso de herramientas SIG se ha mostrado una poderosa herramienta para modelizar el paisaje antiguo. Previo al trabajo de modelización existe un conocimiento geomorfológico yarqueológico territorial de la zona, producto de años de interpretación estereoscópica de foto aérea, trabajo de campo y análisis de laboratorio. La experiencia en la zona de investigación es imprescindible para el control y calibrado de los resultados parciales y de los diferentes MDTs obtenidos con gvSIG. Para la reconstrucción del paisaje geomorfológico se buscan aquellas partes del terreno que cumplen tres requisitos: a) ser bastante llanas (ligera pendiente en el sentido del flujo), b) una determinada altura sobre el cauce – ésta varía en el seno de la cuenca del Serpis, siendo de unos + 20 m en el curso medio y mayor en el alto, y c) próxima al cauce. A partir del MDT se establece la red de drenaje (actual) de orden 2 (Strahler, 1952, 1957). Se elabora la capa de pendientes la de elevación sobre el cauce y un buffer de 125 m entorno a la red de drenaje de orden 2 a 6

Avaliação da aplicabilidade de sistema computacional de visualização de imagens aéreas de alta resolução em tempo real e multitemporal à degradação do rio Corumbataí

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Proposta de metodologia e estudo de foto-identificação das baleias-de-Bryde (Balaenoptera edeni e B. brydei) nos Açores e Madeira

Dissertação de Mestrado em Estudos Integrados dos Oceanos.

Desenvolvimento de um sistema foto-oxidativo visando aplicação no tratamento de águas produzidas em campos de petróleo

Increasing concern with the environment, in addition to strict laws, has induced the industries to find altenatives to the treatment of their wastes. Actually, the oil industry has sought solutions to overcome a big environmental problem, i.e., oil field produced water being discharged to the sea. These effluents have organic compounds dissolved, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX). These compounds are difficult to be removed and have high toxicity. The advanced oxidation processes - AOP are effective to degradation of these organic compounds, because they generate hydroxyl radicals with high potential of oxidation. This work includes the reactor photochemical development applied in the photodegradation treatment (by photo-Fenton process) of wastewaters containing organic compounds dissolved, aiming at treatment and recovery the oil field produced water. The studied reactor allowed the evaluation of two ultraviolet radiation sources that is the main factor to describe the feasibility of the photo¬Fenton treatment, i.e., sun and black light fluorescent lamps, and other relevant variables the process: concentration of reagents, irradiated area and also various reactor configurations to maximize the use of radiation. The organic matter degradation was verified with samples collected during the experimental and analyzed with a total organic carbon analyzer (TOC), which expressed the results in terms of mgC/L. The solar radiation was more effective than radiation from the lamps. it's an important factor for the operation costs cutting. Preliminary experiments applied to oil field produced water treatment have showed satisfactory results, reducing up to 76 % of organic matter

Desenvolvimento de um sistema foto-oxidativo visando aplicação no tratamento de águas produzidas em campos de petróleo

Increasing concern with the environment, in addition to strict laws, has induced the industries to find alternatives to the treatment of their wastes. Actually, the oil industry has sought solutions to overcome a big environmental problem, i.e., oil field produced water being discharged to the sea. These effluents have organic compounds dissolved, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX). These compounds are difficult to be removed and have high toxicity. The advanced oxidation processes - AOP are effective to degradation of these organic compounds, because they generate hydroxyl radicals with high potential of oxidation. This work includes the reactor photochemical development applied in the photodegradation treatment (by photo-Fenton process) of wastewaters containing organic compounds dissolved, aiming at treatment and recovery the oil field produced water. The studied reactor allowed the evaluation of two ultraviolet radiation sources that is the main factor to describe the feasibility of the photo- Fenton treatment, i.e., sun and black light fluorescent lamps, and other relevant variables the process: concentration of reagents, irradiated area and also various reactor configurations to maximize the use of radiation. The organic matter degradation was verified with samples collected during the experimental and analyzed with a total organic carbon analyzer (TOC), which expressed the results in terms of mgC/L. The solar radiation was more effective than radiation from the lamps. It's an important factor for the operation costs cutting. Preliminary experiments applied to oil field produced water treatment have showed satisfactory results, reducing up to 76 % of organic matter

Fidelidade à área e padrão de associação em Sotalia guianensis, baseado na técnica de foto-identificação

The behavioral patterns follow to environmental changes, including area fidelity and individuals association patterns. Several techniques are used to record these behavioral patterns and the photo-identification has been suggested as a proper tool because of its various advantages. Based on this technique, this research verified, between August of 2005 and January of 2006, area fidelity and association patterns of Sotalia guianensis, at Distrito de Pipa s bays, Rio Grande do Norte State south coast. Besides, we measured the association patterns by using the Jaccard index or Half-Weight Index (HWI). According the observation, 22 individuals were not resighted, 11 were resighted, and 36 new individuals were recorded. Nowadays, 69 individuals are cataloged. The residency rate indicated heterogeneity on studied area permanence and the association patterns between photo-identified seem to be context-specific. In addiction, the comparison of associations between two different age classes showed some individuals more frequently interacting with immature individuals. We also observed fluidity on association patterns among our individuals. We suggest that S. guianensis population from Pipa shows plasticity

Public acceptance of carbon dioxide capture and storage in a proposed demonstration area

With the rising levels of CO2 in the atmosphere, low-emission technologies with carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) provide one option for transforming the global energy infrastructure into a more environmentally, climate sustainable system. However, like many technology innovations, there is a social risk to the acceptance of CCS. This article presents the findings of an engagement process using facilitated workshops conducted in two communities in rural Queensland, Australia, where a demonstration project for IGCC with CCS has been announced. The findings demonstrate that workshop participants were concerned about climate change and wanted leadership from government and industry to address the issue. After the workshops, participants reported increased knowledge and more positive attitudes towards CCS, expressing support for the demonstration project to continue in their local area. The process developed is one that could be utilized around the world to successfully engage communities on the low carbon emission technology options.

Uncertainty budget in the measurement of typical airborne number, surface area and mass particle distributions

The effects of particulate matter on environment and public health have been widely studied in recent years. A number of studies in the medical field have tried to identify the specific effect on human health of particulate exposure, but agreement amongst these studies on the relative importance of the particles’ size and its origin with respect to health effects is still lacking. Nevertheless, air quality standards are moving, as the epidemiological attention, towards greater focus on the smaller particles. Current air quality standards only regulate the mass of particulate matter less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) and less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5). The most reliable method used in measuring Total Suspended Particles (TSP), PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 is the gravimetric method since it directly measures PM concentration, guaranteeing an effective traceability to international standards. This technique however, neglects the possibility to correlate short term intra-day variations of atmospheric parameters that can influence ambient particle concentration and size distribution (emission strengths of particle sources, temperature, relative humidity, wind direction and speed and mixing height) as well as human activity patterns that may also vary over time periods considerably shorter than 24 hours. A continuous method to measure the number size distribution and total number concentration in the range 0.014 – 20 μm is the tandem system constituted by a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) and an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS). In this paper, an uncertainty budget model of the measurement of airborne particle number, surface area and mass size distributions is proposed and applied for several typical aerosol size distributions. The estimation of such an uncertainty budget presents several difficulties due to i) the complexity of the measurement chain, ii) the fact that SMPS and APS can properly guarantee the traceability to the International System of Measurements only in terms of number concentration. In fact, the surface area and mass concentration must be estimated on the basis of separately determined average density and particle morphology. Keywords: SMPS-APS tandem system, gravimetric reference method, uncertainty budget, ultrafine particles.

Intrusion detection techniques in wireless local area networks

This research investigates wireless intrusion detection techniques for detecting attacks on IEEE 802.11i Robust Secure Networks (RSNs). Despite using a variety of comprehensive preventative security measures, the RSNs remain vulnerable to a number of attacks. Failure of preventative measures to address all RSN vulnerabilities dictates the need for a comprehensive monitoring capability to detect all attacks on RSNs and also to proactively address potential security vulnerabilities by detecting security policy violations in the WLAN. This research proposes novel wireless intrusion detection techniques to address these monitoring requirements and also studies correlation of the generated alarms across wireless intrusion detection system (WIDS) sensors and the detection techniques themselves for greater reliability and robustness. The specific outcomes of this research are: A comprehensive review of the outstanding vulnerabilities and attacks in IEEE 802.11i RSNs. A comprehensive review of the wireless intrusion detection techniques currently available for detecting attacks on RSNs. Identification of the drawbacks and limitations of the currently available wireless intrusion detection techniques in detecting attacks on RSNs. Development of three novel wireless intrusion detection techniques for detecting RSN attacks and security policy violations in RSNs. Development of algorithms for each novel intrusion detection technique to correlate alarms across distributed sensors of a WIDS. Development of an algorithm for automatic attack scenario detection using cross detection technique correlation. Development of an algorithm to automatically assign priority to the detected attack scenario using cross detection technique correlation.

A multilevel study of area socio-economic status and food purchasing behaviour

Objective: This study examined the association between area socioeconomic status (SES) and food purchasing behaviour.----- Setting: Melbourne city, Australia, 2003.----- Participants: Residents of 2,564 households located in 50 small areas.----- Design: Data were collected by mail survey (64.2% response rate). Area SES was indicated by the proportion of households in each area earning less than Aus$400 per week, and individual-level socioeconomic position was measured using education, occupation, and household income. Food purchasing was measured on the basis of compliance with dietary guideline recommendations (for grocery foods) and variety of fruit and vegetable purchase. Multilevel regression examined the association between area SES and food purchase after adjustment for individual-level demographic (age, sex, household composition) and socioeconomic factors.----- Results: Residents of low SES areas were significantly less likely than their counterparts in advantaged areas to purchase grocery foods that were high in fibre and low in fat, salt, and sugar; and they purchased a smaller variety of fruits. There was no evidence of an association between area SES and vegetable variety.----- Conclusions In Melbourne, area SES was associated with some food purchasing behaviours independent of individual-level factors, suggesting that areas in this city may be differentiated on the basis of food availability, accessibility, and affordability, making the purchase of some types of foods more difficult in disadvantaged areas.