Architectural, construction and environmental matters of Bahrain's international formula 1 circuit

The Bahrain International Circuit (BIC) is considered its one of the best international racing car track in terms of technical aspects and architectural quality. Two Formula 1 races have been hosted in the Kingdom of Bahrain, in 2004 and 2005, at BIC. The BIC had recently won the award of the best international racing car circuit. This paper highlights on the elements that contributed to the success of such project starting from the architectural aspects, construction, challenges, tendering process, risk management, the workforce, speed of the construction method, and future prospects for harnessing solar and wind energy for sustainable electrification and production of water for the circuit, i.e. making BIC green and environment-friendly international circuit.

Bahrain's Formula-1 racing circuit: energy and environmental considerations

The Bahrain International Circuit (BIC) and complex, at latitude 26.00N and longitude 51.54E, was built in 483 days and cost 150 million US$. The circuit consists of six different individual tracks with a 3.66 km outer track (involving 10 turns) and a 2.55 km inner track (having six turns). The complex has been designed to host a variety of other sporting activities. Fifty thousand spectators, including 10,500 in the main grandstand, can be accommodated simultaneously. State-of-the art on-site media and broadcast facilities are available. The noise level emitted from vehicles on the circuit during the Formula-1 event, on April 4th 2004, was acceptable and caused no physical disturbance to the fans in the VIP lounges or to scholars studying at the University of Bahrain's Shakeir Campus, which is only 1.5 km away from the circuit. The sound-intensity level (SIL) recorded on the balcony of the VIP lounge was 128 dB(A) and was 80 dB(A) inside the lounge. The calculated SIL immediately outside the lecture halls of the University of Bahrain was 70 dB(A) and 65 dB(A) within them. Thus racing at BIC can proceed without significantly disturbing the academic-learning process. The purchased electricity demand by the BIC complex peaked (at 4.5 MW) during the first Formula-1 event on April 4th 2004. The reverse-osmosis (RO) plant at the BIC provides 1000 m(3) of desalinated water per day for landscape irrigation. Renewable-energy inputs, (i.e., via solar and wind power), at the BIC could be harnessed to generate electricity for water desalination, air conditioning, lighting as well as for irrigation. If the covering of the BIC complex was covered by adhesively fixed modern photovoltaic cells, then similar to 1.2 MW of solar electricity could be generated. If two horizontal-axis, at 150 m height above the ground, three 75m bladed, wind turbines were to be installed at the BIC, then the output could reach 4 MW. Furthermore, if 10,000 Jojoba trees (a species renowned for having a low demand for water, needing only five irrigations per year in Bahrain and which remain green throughout the year) are planted near the circuit, then the local micro-climate would be improved with respect to human comfort as well as the local environment becoming cleaner.

Interpretazione per i media: il caso particolare delle interviste sul podio della Formula 1

This dissertation analyses the live simultaneous interpretation from English into Italian of six 2013 Formula 1 World Championship podium interviews and focuses on four main aspects: how the interpreter handled the décalage at the end of the interview and during the turn-taking; if he used any marker to indicate that he was starting to translate a new turn of the source text; what he did when overlapped speech in the source texts occurred; what happened when the Italian commentators talked during the interpreter’s translation. In the first chapter a description mainly of what a Formula 1 podium interview is and what an interpreter translates during the Formula 1 weekends is present. In the second chapter a literature review on media interpreting, with particular attention put on Straniero Sergio’s paper on translating Formula 1 press-conferences (2003), and turn-taking is provided. In the third chapter the methodology used to obtain and process the video and audio files of source and target texts and to transcribe them is described. We concentrated primarily on Thibault’s multimodal text transcription techniques (2000) and on how they were used and adapted to fit the purposes of this dissertation. In the fourth chapter the results obtained through the analysis of the source and target texts are shown and described, focusing only on the objectives of the dissertation, without aiming to provide a qualitative evaluation of the interpretations. In the fifth and last chapter the conclusions and some final remarks are made, based on the results obtained during the analysis and the hope for a more in depth knowledge of Italian Formula 1 interpreter’s working conditions.

Construcció i explotació d'un magatzem dedades amb els resultats dels campionats deFormula 1

Disseny, creaciói explotació d¿un magatzem de dades per al Institut Català d¿Esports de Motor (ICEM) on, enuna primera fase, només es recolliran resultats del Campionat del Món de Pilots de Fórmula 1 des de l¿any 1961 fins el 2007.

Construcció i explotació d'un magatzem de dades per a l'anàlisi estadístic dels resultats del Campionat de Fórmula 1

Disseny, construcció i explotació d'un magatzem de dades a partir de la información disponible en fitxer en format MsExcel. El producte final havia de permetre l'explotació de la información sobre els resultats del Campionat de Fórmula 1 mitjançant Oracle Discoverer.

Construcció i explotació d'un magatzem de dades per a l'anàlisi estadístic dels resultats del Campionat de Fórmula 1

En els darrers anys les organitzacions han anat agafant consciència de la importància de la gestió de la seva informació. D'aquesta necessitat d'organitzar les pròpies dades d'una forma coherent i eficient per al seu anàlisi sorgeixen els magatzems de dades. El projecte "Construcció i explotació d'un magatzem de dades per a l'anàlisi estadístic dels resultats del Campionat de Fórmula 1" s'emmarca dins aquest context i te com a objectiu el disseny d'un magatzem de dades per a cobrir les necessitats del Institut Català d'Esports de Motor (ICEM) en la gestió de les seves dades referents a la Fórmula 1. En aquest projecte s'han executat les diferents fases necessàries per a la creació d'un nou magatzem. En primer lloc s'ha fet l'anàlisi de requeriments i de les dades disponibles. A continuació s'ha fet el disseny i la implementació física del magatzem de dades. Seguidament s'ha procedit amb l'extracció, transformació i càrrega de dades originals (ETL) i per finalitzar s'han creat els informes. Com a resultat s'han obtingut una sèrie d'informes per a ser consumits de manera immediata pels usuaris del ICEM. Aquests informes han de permetre l'anàlisi de les dades d'una forma senzilla i àgil. A més s'ha implementat un sistema d'actualització automàtic de les dades que per al manteniment de la informació del magatzem.La implementació del magatzem de dades s'ha fet sobre una base de dades Oracle 10g Express Edition i els informes s'ha dissenyat amb l'eina Oracle Discoverer. Per a l'automatització de les dades s'ha fet servir a més visual basic script i l'eina de càrrega SQL*Loader.

Juego de gestión económico-deportiva de fórmula 1 para Android

Formula Racing Team Manager (FRTM) se trata de un juego de un solo jugador, para Android, donde el jugador tendrá como objetivo principal ascender desde la quinta división inicial hasta la primera y lograr allí ganar la clasificación por equipos ante 19 equipos manejados por el sistema. Por el camino tendrá que gestionar una gran cantidad de tareas distintas en el juego, desde la gestión del equipo en sí a la gestión estratégica de las carreras. Para conseguir el objetivo será básico lograr una buena gestión económica, la fuente principal de ganancias son los patrocinadores, pudiendo contar con un total de cuatro simultáneamente. El dinero conseguido se utilizará en mejorar el equipo (empleados, coche y pilotos) lo máximo posible para conseguir mejores resultados en carrera. Hay una gran cantidad de circuitos disponibles, todos reales, combinando circuitos históricos del calendario de Fórmula 1 con actuales y con circuitos otros populares en otras categorías (a destacar la inclusión de carreras de resistencia como las 500 millas de Indianápolis o las 24 horas de Le Mans). Será importante entender bien los parámetros de cada circuito para lograr un buen resultado en todos ellos. La temporada se divide en 20 grandes premios, formado cada uno por tres sesiones (entrenamientos, clasificación y carrera). En los entrenamientos el jugador podrá, durante dos horas, dar todas las vueltas que cree oportuno hasta que su tiempo se agote, para encontrar así la mejor configuración posible para el coche, y obtener los datos de consumos y desgastes que encuentre necesarios para emplearlos en carrera. En la sesión de clasificación (separada en tres rondas), se decidirán las posiciones de salida en carrera Antes de la carrera el jugador deberá decidir qué estrategia utilizar en ella, escogiendo la configuración del coche, los compuestos de neumáticos y las cargas de combustible a utilizar en cada parada. Durante la carrera también podrá cambiar ciertos parámetros en caso de que la situación de carrera no se adapte a sus expectativas, teniendo así un control total de lo sucedido en carrera, como si de un director deportivo de un equipo real de Fórmula 1 se tratase. Durante la carrera, se irán simulando las vueltas cuando el jugador así lo desee y lo indique mediante un reproductor disponible. Posteriormente, al terminar la carrera volverá a predominar la gestión económica del equipo por parte del jugador, teniendo que controlar los desgastes de cada una de las diez piezas distintas del coche para evitar roturas, y volviendo a poder entrenar a pilotos y empleados. El juego está disponible tanto en español como en inglés. ABSTRACT. Formula Racing Team Manager (FRTM) is a single player game, for Android, where the player has the main objective of promoting from the initial fifth division to the first one, and winning there the championship against 19 teams managed by the system. On the way, the player will have to manage a different number of tasks in the game, from the team management to the race strategic management. To complete that objective a basic key is to achieve a good economic management, the main source of incomes are the sponsors; being able to have a total of four at the same time. The money received will have to be spent on improving the team (staff, car and drivers) the best as possible to try to achieve even better race results. There are a lot of available circuits throughout the game, all of them real, combining some historical from Formula 1 calendar with actual ones, and also with some popular circuits from other categories (to highlight the inclusion of endurance races like the 500miles from Indianapolis and the 24 hours of Le Mans). It will be basic to fully understand the parameters from each circuit to achieve a good result in all of them. The season is divided in 20 Grand Prix, every one of them composed by three sessions (free practice, qualifying and race). In the Free Practice session the player will get the chance to driver all the laps he can in two hours, to try to get the best possible setup for the car and to obtain data from tyres wear and fuel consumption. On the qualifying session (composed by three rounds), the starting grid for the race will be decided. Before the race, the player will have to choose the strategy to use, deciding the car setup, the tyres compound and the fuel inputs for every pit stop to do. Also, throughout the race, the player will get the chance to change some parameters of that strategy in case of the race not going as expected. On the race, every lap will be simulated when the player decides. And, after the race is finished, the player will have to work again on the economy and team management, controlling the wear of every car part to avoid malfunctions, and being able to train drivers and staff. The game is available in both spanish and english.

Suplementação nitrogenada com ureia comum ou encapsulada sobre parâmetros ruminais de novilhos alimentados com feno de baixa qualidade

Foi realizado um experimento de suplementação com novilhos fistulados no rúmen com o objetivo de verificar a utilização de ureia encapsulada como fonte de nitrogênio de liberação mais lenta e uniforme ao longo do tempo, bem como seu efeito sobre a degradabilidade da parede celular do feno. Os tratamentos foram: Feno + sal mineralizado (SM); Feno + suplemento proteico com ureia comum (SU); Feno + suplemento proteico com ureia encapsulada fórmula 1 (UE1); e Feno + suplemento proteico com ureia encapsulada fórmula 2 (UE2). O volumoso utilizado foi feno de Tifton (Cynodon dactylon L.) de baixa qualidade (PB: 4,62% e FDN: 83,46%). Foram realizadas medidas de pH e N-NH3 ruminais e parâmetros de degradação ruminal da FDN do volumoso. Verificou-se efeito (P<0,05) da suplementação nitrogenada sobre a concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal no rúmen; no entanto, a ureia encapsulada não foi diferente (P>0,05) da ureia comum. Os valores de pH e degradabilidade in situ não foram afetados pelos tratamentos (P>0,05), ao serem comparados os suplementados ou não suplementados com proteína degradável no rúmen e ao serem comparadas fontes de nitrogênio não proteico. A ureia encapsulada não demonstrou superioridade sobre a ureia comum, provavelmente pela baixa eficiência da sua proteção. A utilização de ureia encapsulada e a suplementação de proteína degradável não foram eficientes em aumentar a degradabilidade da parede celular do volumoso utilizado.

A determinação dos números de indivíduos mínimos necessários na experimentação genética

The main object of the present paper consists in giving formulas and methods which enable us to determine the minimum number of repetitions or of individuals necessary to garantee some extent the success of an experiment. The theoretical basis of all processes consists essentially in the following. Knowing the frequency of the desired p and of the non desired ovents q we may calculate the frequency of all possi- ble combinations, to be expected in n repetitions, by expanding the binomium (p-+q)n. Determining which of these combinations we want to avoid we calculate their total frequency, selecting the value of the exponent n of the binomium in such a way that this total frequency is equal or smaller than the accepted limit of precision n/pª{ 1/n1 (q/p)n + 1/(n-1)| (q/p)n-1 + 1/ 2!(n-2)| (q/p)n-2 + 1/3(n-3) (q/p)n-3... < Plim - -(1b) There does not exist an absolute limit of precision since its value depends not only upon psychological factors in our judgement, but is at the same sime a function of the number of repetitions For this reasen y have proposed (1,56) two relative values, one equal to 1-5n as the lowest value of probability and the other equal to 1-10n as the highest value of improbability, leaving between them what may be called the "region of doubt However these formulas cannot be applied in our case since this number n is just the unknown quantity. Thus we have to use, instead of the more exact values of these two formulas, the conventional limits of P.lim equal to 0,05 (Precision 5%), equal to 0,01 (Precision 1%, and to 0,001 (Precision P, 1%). The binominal formula as explained above (cf. formula 1, pg. 85), however is of rather limited applicability owing to the excessive calculus necessary, and we have thus to procure approximations as substitutes. We may use, without loss of precision, the following approximations: a) The normal or Gaussean distribution when the expected frequency p has any value between 0,1 and 0,9, and when n is at least superior to ten. b) The Poisson distribution when the expected frequecy p is smaller than 0,1. Tables V to VII show for some special cases that these approximations are very satisfactory. The praticai solution of the following problems, stated in the introduction can now be given: A) What is the minimum number of repititions necessary in order to avoid that any one of a treatments, varieties etc. may be accidentally always the best, on the best and second best, or the first, second, and third best or finally one of the n beat treatments, varieties etc. Using the first term of the binomium, we have the following equation for n: n = log Riim / log (m:) = log Riim / log.m - log a --------------(5) B) What is the minimun number of individuals necessary in 01der that a ceratin type, expected with the frequency p, may appaer at least in one, two, three or a=m+1 individuals. 1) For p between 0,1 and 0,9 and using the Gaussean approximation we have: on - ó. p (1-p) n - a -1.m b= δ. 1-p /p e c = m/p } -------------------(7) n = b + b² + 4 c/ 2 n´ = 1/p n cor = n + n' ---------- (8) We have to use the correction n' when p has a value between 0,25 and 0,75. The greek letters delta represents in the present esse the unilateral limits of the Gaussean distribution for the three conventional limits of precision : 1,64; 2,33; and 3,09 respectively. h we are only interested in having at least one individual, and m becomes equal to zero, the formula reduces to : c= m/p o para a = 1 a = { b + b²}² = b² = δ2 1- p /p }-----------------(9) n = 1/p n (cor) = n + n´ 2) If p is smaller than 0,1 we may use table 1 in order to find the mean m of a Poisson distribution and determine. n = m: p C) Which is the minimun number of individuals necessary for distinguishing two frequencies p1 and p2? 1) When pl and p2 are values between 0,1 and 0,9 we have: n = { δ p1 ( 1-pi) + p2) / p2 (1 - p2) n= 1/p1-p2 }------------ (13) n (cor) We have again to use the unilateral limits of the Gaussean distribution. The correction n' should be used if at least one of the valors pl or p2 has a value between 0,25 and 0,75. A more complicated formula may be used in cases where whe want to increase the precision : n (p1 - p2) δ { p1 (1- p2 ) / n= m δ = δ p1 ( 1 - p1) + p2 ( 1 - p2) c= m / p1 - p2 n = { b2 + 4 4 c }2 }--------- (14) n = 1/ p1 - p2 2) When both pl and p2 are smaller than 0,1 we determine the quocient (pl-r-p2) and procure the corresponding number m2 of a Poisson distribution in table 2. The value n is found by the equation : n = mg /p2 ------------- (15) D) What is the minimun number necessary for distinguishing three or more frequencies, p2 p1 p3. If the frequecies pl p2 p3 are values between 0,1 e 0,9 we have to solve the individual equations and sue the higest value of n thus determined : n 1.2 = {δ p1 (1 - p1) / p1 - p2 }² = Fiim n 1.2 = { δ p1 ( 1 - p1) + p1 ( 1 - p1) }² } -- (16) Delta represents now the bilateral limits of the : Gaussean distrioution : 1,96-2,58-3,29. 2) No table was prepared for the relatively rare cases of a comparison of threes or more frequencies below 0,1 and in such cases extremely high numbers would be required. E) A process is given which serves to solve two problemr of informatory nature : a) if a special type appears in n individuals with a frequency p(obs), what may be the corresponding ideal value of p(esp), or; b) if we study samples of n in diviuals and expect a certain type with a frequency p(esp) what may be the extreme limits of p(obs) in individual farmlies ? I.) If we are dealing with values between 0,1 and 0,9 we may use table 3. To solve the first question we select the respective horizontal line for p(obs) and determine which column corresponds to our value of n and find the respective value of p(esp) by interpolating between columns. In order to solve the second problem we start with the respective column for p(esp) and find the horizontal line for the given value of n either diretly or by approximation and by interpolation. 2) For frequencies smaller than 0,1 we have to use table 4 and transform the fractions p(esp) and p(obs) in numbers of Poisson series by multiplication with n. Tn order to solve the first broblem, we verify in which line the lower Poisson limit is equal to m(obs) and transform the corresponding value of m into frequecy p(esp) by dividing through n. The observed frequency may thus be a chance deviate of any value between 0,0... and the values given by dividing the value of m in the table by n. In the second case we transform first the expectation p(esp) into a value of m and procure in the horizontal line, corresponding to m(esp) the extreme values om m which than must be transformed, by dividing through n into values of p(obs). F) Partial and progressive tests may be recomended in all cases where there is lack of material or where the loss of time is less importent than the cost of large scale experiments since in many cases the minimun number necessary to garantee the results within the limits of precision is rather large. One should not forget that the minimun number really represents at the same time a maximun number, necessary only if one takes into consideration essentially the disfavorable variations, but smaller numbers may frequently already satisfactory results. For instance, by definition, we know that a frequecy of p means that we expect one individual in every total o(f1-p). If there were no chance variations, this number (1- p) will be suficient. and if there were favorable variations a smaller number still may yield one individual of the desired type. r.nus trusting to luck, one may start the experiment with numbers, smaller than the minimun calculated according to the formulas given above, and increase the total untill the desired result is obtained and this may well b ebefore the "minimum number" is reached. Some concrete examples of this partial or progressive procedure are given from our genetical experiments with maize.

Creació d'un magatzem de dades

El projecte 'Construcció i explotació d'un magatzem de dades per a l'anàlisi estadístic dels resultats del Campionat de Fórmula 1' és un treball de disseny i implementació d¿una eina de consulta i explotació estadística dels resultats històrics de la Fórmula 1 que, vol donar resposta a les necessitats expressades per l¿Institut Catalàd¿Esports de Motor (en endavant, ICEM).

Dynamics of Highway Bridges, Iowa Highway Research Board Bulletin 17, 1960

Joint Publications from Iowa Engineering Experiment Station - Bulletin No. 188 and Iowa Highway Research Board - Bulletin No. 17. In the design of highway bridges, the 'static live load is multiplied by a factor to compensate for the dynamic effect of moving vehicles. This factor, commonly referred to as an impact factor, is intended to provide for the dynamic response of the bridge to moving loads and suddenly applied forces. Many investigators have published research which contradicts the current impact formula 1,4,17. Some investigators feel that the problem of impact deals not only with the increase in over-all static live load but that it is an integral part of a dynamic load distribution problem. The current expanded highway program with the large number of bridge structures required emphasizes the need for investigating some of the dynamic behavior problems which have been generally ignored by highway engineers. These problems generally result from the inability of a designer to predict the dynamic response of a bridge structure. Many different investigations have been made of particular portions of the overall dynamic problem. The results of these varied investigations are inevitably followed by a number of unanswered questions. Ironically, many of the unanswered questions are those which are of immediate concern in the design of highway bridges, and this emphasizes the need for additional research on the problem of impact.

Platinum (II) and palladium (II) complexes with (N,N') and (C,N,N') ligands derived from pyrazole as anticancer and antimalarial agents: synthesis, characterization and in vitro activities

The study of the reactivity of three 1-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-pyrazole derivatives of general formula [1-(CH2)2NMe2}-3,5-R2-pzol] {where pzol represents pyrazole and Rdouble bond; length as m-dashH (1a), Me (1b) or Ph (1c)} with [MCl2(DMSO)2] (Mdouble bond; length as m-dashPt or Pd) under different experimental conditions allowed us to isolate and characterize cis-[M{κ2-N,N′-{[1-(CH2)2NMe2}-3,5-R2-pzol])}Cl2] {MMdouble bond; length as m-dashPtPt (2a-2c) or Pd (3a-3c)} and two cyclometallated complexes [M{κ3-C,N,N′-{[1-(CH2)2NMe2}-3-(C5H4)-5-Ph-pzol])}Cl] {Mdouble bond; length as m-dashPt(II) (4c) or Pd(II) (5c)}. Compounds 4c and 5c arise from the orthometallation of the 3-phenyl ring of ligand 1c. Complex 2a has been further characterized by X-ray crystallography. Ligands and complexes were evaluated for their in vitro antimalarial against Plasmodium falciparum and cytotoxic activities against lung (A549) and breast (MDA MB231 and MCF7) cancer cellular lines. Complexes 2a-2c and 5c exhibited only moderate antimalarial activities against two P. falciparum strains (3D7 and W2). Interestingly, cytotoxicity assays revealed that the platinacycle 4c exhibits a higher toxicity than cisplatin in the three human cell lines and that the complex 2a presents a remarkable cytotoxicity and selectivity in lung (IC50 = 3 μM) versus breast cancer cell lines (IC50 > 20 μM). Thus, complexes 2c and 4c appear to be promising leads, creating a novel family of anticancer agents. Electrophoretic DNA migration studies in presence of the synthesized compounds have been performed, in order to get further insights into their mechanism of action.

Cars.

Forma parte de una serie de textos dedicados al transporte (marítimo,aéreo y terretre). Resulta interesante para los jóvenes entusiasmados con el transporte moderno y la velocidad. Se muestran los coches más rápidos del mundo, Formula 1, Porsche Boxster, McLaren F 1, los dragsters; y también, modelos de automóviles deportivos y prototipos de coches del futuro.

El aprendizaje colaborativo como herramienta para lograr en la universidad el acercamiento al mundo profesional.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación