Fast dynamics in the optical storage with Langmuir-Blodgett films of a diazocrown ether molecule

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ultra-fast spin dynamics in the 2s2p^2 configuration of C^+ studied by time-dependent R-matrix theory

We employ time-dependent R-matrix theory to study ultra-fast dynamics in the doublet 2s2p(2) configuration of C+ for a total magnetic quantum number M = 1. In contrast to the dynamics observed for M = 0, ultra-fast dynamics for M = 1 is governed by spin dynamics in which the 2s electron acts as a flag rather than a spectator electron. Under the assumption that m(S) = 1/2, m(2s) = 1/2 allows spin dynamics involving the two 2p electrons, whereas m(2s) = -1/2 prevents spin dynamics of the two 2p electrons. For a pump-probe pulse scheme with (h) over bar omega(pump) = 10.9 eV and (h) over bar omega(probe) = 16.3 eV and both pulses six cycles long, little sign of spin dynamics is observed in the total ionization probability. Signs of spin dynamics can be observed, however, in the ejected-electron momentum distributions. We demonstrate that the ejected-electron momentum distributions can be used for unaligned targets to separate the contributions of initial M = 0 and M = 1 levels. This would, in principle, allow unaligned target ions to be used to obtain information on the different dynamics in the 2s2p(2) configuration for the M = 0 and M = 1 levels from a single experime

Solvation dynamics in slow, viscous liquids: Application to amides

As the viscosity of a liquid increases rapidly in the supercooled regime, the nature of molecular relaxation can exhibit dynamics rather different from the fast dynamics observed in the normal regime. In this article, we present theoretical studies of solvation dynamics and orientational relaxation in slow liquids. As the local short-range correlations are important in the slow liquids, we have extended our previous theory to take into account the shea-range pair correlations between the polar solute and the dipolar solvent molecules. Application of the generalized theory To the study of solvation dynamics of amide systems gives nice agreement with the experimental results of Maroncelli and co-workers (J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 4929). The theory also provides valuable insight into the orientational relaxation precesses in the viscous liquids.

Nearly Constant Switching Frequency Hysteresis Current Controller with Fast Online Computation of Boundary for a 2-Level Induction Motor Drive

A nearly constant switching frequency current hysteresis controller for a 2-level inverter fed induction motor drive is proposed in this paper: The salient features of this controller are fast dynamics for the current, inherent protection against overloads and less switching frequency variation. The large variation of switching frequency as in the conventional hysteresis controller is avoided by defining a current-error boundary which is obtained from the current-error trajectory of the standard space vector PWM. The current-error boundary is computed at every sampling interval based on the induction machine parameters and from the estimated fundamental stator voltage. The stator currents are always monitored and when the current-error exceeds the boundary, voltage space vector is switched to reduce the current-error. The proposed boundary computation algorithm is applicable in linear and over-modulation region and it is simple to implement in any standard digital signal processor: Detailed experimental verification is done using a 7.5 kW induction motor and the results are given to show the performance of the drive at various operating conditions and validate the proposed advantages.

Spin and spatial dynamics in electron-impact scattering off S-wave He using R-matrix with Time-Dependence theory

R-matrix with time-dependence theory is applied to electron-impact ionisation processes for He in the S-wave model. Cross sections for electron-impact excitation, ionisation and ionisation with excitation for impact energies between 25 and 225 eV are in excellent agreement with benchmark cross sections. Ultra-fast dynamics induced by a scattering event is observed through time-dependent signatures associated with autoionisation from doubly excited states. Further insight into dynamics can be obtained through examination of the spin components of the time-dependent wavefunction.

Novel solutions for a model of wound healing angiogenesis

We prove the existence of novel, shock-fronted travelling wave solutions to a model of wound healing angiogenesis studied in Pettet et al (2000 IMA J. Math. App. Med. 17 395–413) assuming two conjectures hold. In the previous work, the authors showed that for certain parameter values, a heteroclinic orbit in the phase plane representing a smooth travelling wave solution exists. However, upon varying one of the parameters, the heteroclinic orbit was destroyed, or rather cut-off, by a wall of singularities in the phase plane. As a result, they concluded that under this parameter regime no travelling wave solutions existed. Using techniques from geometric singular perturbation theory and canard theory, we show that a travelling wave solution actually still exists for this parameter regime. We construct a heteroclinic orbit passing through the wall of singularities via a folded saddle canard point onto a repelling slow manifold. The orbit leaves this manifold via the fast dynamics and lands on the attracting slow manifold, finally connecting to its end state. This new travelling wave is no longer smooth but exhibits a sharp front or shock. Finally, we identify regions in parameter space where we expect that similar solutions exist. Moreover, we discuss the possibility of more exotic solutions.

Hysteresis current controller for a general n-level inverter fed drive with online current error boundary computation and nearly constant switching frequency

A space vector-based hysteresis current controller for any general n-level three phase inverter fed induction motor drive is proposed in this study. It offers fast dynamics, inherent overload protection and low harmonic distortion for the phase voltages and currents. The controller performs online current error boundary calculations and a nearly constant switching frequency is obtained throughout the linear modulation range. The proposed scheme uses only the adjacent voltage vectors of the present sector, similar to space vector pulse-width modulation and exhibits fast dynamic behaviour under different transient conditions. The steps involved in the boundary calculation include the estimation of phase voltages from the current ripple, computation of switching time and voltage error vectors. Experimental results are given to show the performance of the drive at various speeds, effect of sudden change of the load, acceleration, speed reversal and validate the proposed advantages.

超短脉冲照射下氟化锂的烧蚀机理及其超快动力学研究

研究了超短脉冲激光照射下LiF晶体的破坏机理及其超快动力学过程，利用扫描电镜和原子力显微镜等测试手段，观测了飞秒激光照射下LiF晶体的烧蚀形貌。利用烧蚀面积与激光脉冲能量的对数关系确定了LiF晶体的破坏阈值，并利用非线性玻璃棒展宽脉宽，得到了800nm激光作用下LiF破坏阈值对激光脉宽（50～1000fs）的依赖关系；利用抽运一探针超快探测平台，探测了LiF烧蚀过程中反射率的变化。采用雪崩击穿模型，并根据晶体材料反射率与材料的介电常量的依赖关系，通过数值计算，模拟了材料烧蚀阈值与脉宽的依赖关系及材料激发过

Vírus e retrovírus

Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas

Inversor CS Boost monofásico em aplicações com fontes renováveis

This paper presents a new methodology for the operation and control of a single-phase current-source (CS) Boost Inverter, considering that the conventional current-source inverter (CSI) has a right-half-plane (RHP) zero in its control-to-output transfer function, and this RHP zero causes the known non-minimum-phase effects. In this context, a special design with low boost inductance and a multi-loop control is developed in order to assure stable and very fast dynamics. Furthermore, the Inverter presents output voltage with very low total harmonic distortion (THD), reduced components and high power density. Therefore, this paper presents the inverter operation, the proposed control technique, and main simulation and experimental results in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposal. © 2010 IEEE.

Single-phase current-source-boost inverter for renewable energy sources

This paper presents a new methodology for the operation and control of a single-phase current-source (CS) Boost Inverter, considering that the conventional CS boost inverter has a right-half-plane (RHP) zero in its control-to-output transfer function, and this RHP zero causes the known non-minimum-phase effects. In this context, a special design with low boost inductance and a multi-loop control is developed in order to assure stable and very fast dynamics. Furthermore, the proposed inverter presents output voltage with very low total harmonic distortion (THD), reduced components and high power density. Therefore, this paper presents the inverter operation, the proposed control technique, the main simulation results and a prototype in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposal. © 2011 IEEE.

Uma nova metodologia de projeto e controle para o inversor Boost (CSI) monofásico, para o aproveitamento de fontes alternativas e renováveis de energia elétrica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Co-simulation tools for networked control systems: revision and utilization

Networked control systems (NCSs) are distributed control systems in which the sensors, actuators, and controllers are physically separated and connected through an industrial network. The main challenge related to the development of NCSs is the degenerative effects caused by the inclusion of this communication network in the closed loop control. In order to mitigate these effects, co-simulation tools for NCS have been developed to study the network influence in the NCS. This paper presents a revision about co-simulation tools for NCS and the application of two of these tools for the design and evaluation of NCSs. The TrueTime and Jitterbug tools were used together to evaluate the main configuration parameter that affects the performance of CAN-based NCS and to verify the NCS quality of control under various timing conditions including different transmission period of messages and network delays. Therefore, the simulation results led to the conclusion that despite the transmission period of messages is the most significant factor among the analyzed in the design of NCS, its influence is related to the kind of system with greater effects in NCSs with fast dynamics.

Dynamik unterkühlter Flüssigkeiten in Filmen und Röhren

GERMAN:Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit soll der Einfluß einerräumlichen Beschränkung auf die Dynamik einer unterkühltenFlüssigkeit charakterisiert werden. Insbesondere sollgeklärt werden, welche Rolle die Kooperativität derTeilchenbewegung bei niedrigen Temperaturen spielt. Hierzuuntersuchen wir mit Hilfe einer Molekulardynamik-Computersimulation die dynamischen Eigenschaften eineseinfachen Modellglasbildners, einer binäre Lennard-Jones-Flüssigkeit, für Systeme mit unterschiedlichen Geometrienund Wandarten. Durch geschickte Wahl der Wandpotentiale konnte erreichtwerden, daß die Struktur der Flüssigkeit mit der im Bulknahezu identisch ist.In Filmen mit glatten Wänden beobachtet man, daß dieDynamik der Flüssigkeit in der Nähe der Wand starkbeschleunigt ist und sich diese veränderte Dynamik bis weitin den Film ausbreitet. Den umgekehrten Effekt erhält man,wenn man eine strukturierte, rauhe Wand verwendet, in derenNähe die Dynamik stark verlangsamt ist.Die kontinuierliche Verlangsamung bzw. Beschleunigung derDynamik vom Verhalten an der Oberfläche zum Bulkverhaltenin genügend großem Abstand zur Wand können wirphänomenologisch beschreiben. Hieraus kann mancharakteristische dynamische Längenskalen ablesen, die mitsinkender Temperatur kontinuierlich anwachsen, d.h. derBereich, in dem die Existenz der Wand einen (indirekten)Einfluß auf die Dynamik eines Flüssigkeitsteilchens hat,breitet sich immer weiter aus. Man kann daher vonBereichen kooperativer Bewegung sprechen, die mit sinkenderTemperatur anwachsen.Unsere Untersuchungen von Röhren zeigen, daß aufgrund desstärkeren Einflusses der Wände die beobachteten Effektegrößer sind als in Filmgeometrie. Bei Reduzierung derSystemgröße zeigen sich immer größere Unterschiede zumBulkverhalten.

Model predictive flight control systems for rotorcraft UAS

Constraints are widely present in the flight control problems: actuators saturations or flight envelope limitations are only some examples of that. The ability of Model Predictive Control (MPC) of dealing with the constraints joined with the increased computational power of modern calculators makes this approach attractive also for fast dynamics systems such as agile air vehicles. This PhD thesis presents the results, achieved at the Aerospace Engineering Department of the University of Bologna in collaboration with the Dutch National Aerospace Laboratories (NLR), concerning the development of a model predictive control system for small scale rotorcraft UAS. Several different predictive architectures have been evaluated and tested by means of simulation, as a result of this analysis the most promising one has been used to implement three different control systems: a Stability and Control Augmentation System, a trajectory tracking and a path following system. The systems have been compared with a corresponding baseline controller and showed several advantages in terms of performance, stability and robustness.