Young audiences and fans of celebrities in Portugal

While young people are not the exclusive audience of celebrity culture, they certainly take up a special place within this commercial media culture and are often evoked as a justification for media producers pursuing more commercial strategies, some of which involve the use of celebrity material. However, that is precisely what often drives young people away from the media (Buckingham 2000). We propose to analyse the relationship between young people and celebrity culture in Portugal to throw into the spotlight the interaction between global and local cultures while simultaneously, through reaching out beyond the most visible fans, we seek to assess the complex, ambiguous and varying attitudes young audiences display towards celebrity.

Comparison of Model-Based Flow Rate Estimation Methods in Frequency-Converter-Driven Pumps and Fans

Fluid handling systems such as pump and fan systems are found to have a significant potential for energy efficiency improvements. To deliver the energy saving potential, there is a need for easily implementable methods to monitor the system output. This is because information is needed to identify inefficient operation of the fluid handling system and to control the output of the pumping system according to process needs. Model-based pump or fan monitoring methods implemented in variable speed drives have proven to be able to give information on the system output without additional metering; however, the current model-based methods may not be usable or sufficiently accurate in the whole operation range of the fluid handling device. To apply model-based system monitoring in a wider selection of systems and to improve the accuracy of the monitoring, this paper proposes a new method for pump and fan output monitoring with variable-speed drives. The method uses a combination of already known operating point estimation methods. Laboratory measurements are used to verify the benefits and applicability of the improved estimation method, and the new method is compared with five previously introduced model-based estimation methods. According to the laboratory measurements, the new estimation method is the most accurate and reliable of the model-based estimation methods.

An examination of NHL fans' reactions to the cancelled 2004-2005 season

AN EXAMINATION OF NHL FANS' REACTIONS TO THE CANCELLED 2004- 2005 SEASON Chad Asselstine Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University Gary Bettman, the Commissioner of the National Hockey League (NHL) stepped in front of the worldwide media on February 16, 2005 to announce that there would be no NHL games played during the 2004-2005 season. Two sides were prominent during the labour dispute; the NHL owners and the NHLP A, however a third side that became the forgotten party was the fans (NHLF A, 2005). The fans are the consumers of the NHL and all the brands associated with its franchises, they are the people who provide the revenues that allow owners to pay the players' salaries. The present study is situated within the sport marketing framework, particularly within the fan loyalty literature to provide an understanding of the impact of the 2004- 2005 lockout on the forgotten party, NHL fans. This study examines 16 fans' experiences in four stages: becoming a fan of the NHL, being a fan prior to the lockout, being a fan during the lockout including their anticipated reaction to the return of the NHL, and their actual reaction to the return of the NHL. Data was collected using face-to-face interviews with each ofthe participants, resulting in 16 fans' stories of how the lockout impacted them specifically. Through analysis of the data themes began to emerge including the fans' understanding that there was a need to restructure game play, the business operations of the NHL, a desire for service recovery strategies which would exceed fans' expectations, 4 and the desire for alternative forms of consumption including alternative hockey leagues as well as the growing popularity of poker playing. The study summarizes the effects that the NHL lockout had on the relationship between 16 individual fan~ and their favourite teams, and concludes with Suggestions for Future Research and Implications for Sport Marketers that emerged from this unique case in the history of North American professional sport.

A Study of Nonfans and Fans of the National Lacrosse League's Edmonton Rush

The National Lacrosse League (NLL) is floundering. In an attempt to understand why NLL fans attend games and other sport fans do not, the NLL’s Edmonton Rush were studied. To best address the NLL’s attendance woes, two primary research questions were developed: 1) Why do fans of the Oilers and Oil Kings choose not to attend Edmonton Rush games? 2) Why do fans of the Edmonton Rush attend games? To answer these questions an online focus group along with a document analysis of Rush media, and a telephone interview were used to collect data. The data collection methods mentioned above assisted in answering the primary and secondary research questions, which allowed three major themes along with sub-themes to inductively emerge. The nonfans of the Rush do not attend Rush games because of the connection they have with hockey and the disconnection they have with lacrosse, some are simply not interested or were not entertained, as well as the lack of exposure the Rush receive. The Rush fan participants attend Rush games because of Edmonton community pride, the entertainment value they get out of attending a game, it is a great alternative new sport experience and it either is a substitute or a compliment to hockey. Both the nonfan and fan participants of this study believe that different marketing approaches can be utilized in order to attract nonfans to attend games.

A Study of Female Sport Fans with Respect to Fantasy Sport Participation

Female sport fans make up ~40% of all North American big league sport fans. However, female sport fans make up only 20% of all fantasy sport participants. This study asked: why is there an under-representation of female participation in fantasy sports? In order to answer this question, 35 female sport fans who do not participate in fantasy sports were separated into five focus groups to provide the data necessary for this study. Seven themes emerged to explain why there is an under-representation of female participation in fantasy sports: lack of time, their friends do not play, negative associations, control versus escape, sport statistics, team versus player allegiances, and males acting as gatekeepers. Finally, four recommendations were made for those marketing fantasy sports to female sport fans: increase the overall awareness of fantasy sports, promote the social aspects of fantasy sports, streamline fantasy sports, and promote the ease of use.

La construcción de la relación mediática entre ídolos deportivos y fans; estudio de caso: www.ivankaviedes.com

A lo largo de esta investigación de maestría, que se presenta como un aporte académico para el análisis de los nuevos fenómenos de la comunicación, se realiza una aproximación a las prácticas ejecutadas en el ciberespacio por parte de un segmento específico de usuarios. Trabajamos con los fanáticos al fútbol, pero delimitamos su extensión a los fans de un jugador en específico, el ecuatoriano Jaime Iván Kaviedes, quien se erige, hasta el momento de esta publicación, como el único deportista nacional que mantiene una página web donde se exhibe la relación mediática entre ídolo y fanáticos. Para la consecución de este propósito, el estudio se divide en dos aspectos ordenadamente visibles, el primero se ocupa de la “estrella”, ese personaje idolátrico que en nuestra coyuntura se construye siguiendo principios similares al del mercadeo político, que presenta al mercado un candidato destinado a cautivar al mayor número cuantificable de electores, todo esto con un manejo deliberado de imagen y la edificación de un protagonista que goce de los “dones” que prefiere la masa de electores para inclinar su voto. Con la misma lógica, descomponemos la estructura de formación de ídolos, reconociendo que su presentación dentro del campo sistemático de ofertas y demandas, se sujeta a parámetros idénticos a los del mercadeo de personas, en intento de adquirir un elevado margen de seguidores. El segundo aspecto, orientado a involucrar al fanático en esta mutua dependencia que consolida la existencia de ambos (sin ídolo no hay fanático y viceversa), realizamos la evaluación de su comportamiento en la red, mediante un meticuloso examen de todas las prácticas que ellos cumplen en ese “lugar”, convencionalmente llamado “sitio web”, y los objetivos que persiguen. Con este mecanismo traducimos algunas de las actitudes que aparentemente se presentan como “naturales”, pero que están enmarcadas en un escenario de agresivas imposiciones globales, que estereotipan un “arquetipo dominante”, a quien le son atribuidas dotes tales como carismas, esfuerzos de superación en la omnipresente adversidad, altruismos y demás valores que habitualmente son comunes en la generalidad de los ídolos-tipo. Como todo estudio ideológico, este no puede ser ajeno a los rituales y trascribimos algunos aspectos recreativos, aquí llamados “miméticos”, que sustentan las hipótesis preliminares acerca de que al ídolo se le atribuyen características tan sobresalientes que se vuelven dignas y necesarias de imitar por parte de sus feligreses, en un campo de representaciones simbólicas que se renuevan repetidamente para conservarse vigentes.

Ídolos deportivos y fans en internet

Con el desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías de la comunicación, somos testigos de innovadoras formas de comportamiento en las sociedades contemporáneas que transforman la cotidianidad de los sujetos, vigente hasta hace aproximadamente tres lustros, cuando la masificación de los sistemas multimedia apenas era un ligero bosquejo de lo que hoy experimentamos. Estos cambios de comportamiento se dan a toda escala y nuestro estudio se ha dirigido a la transformación de la relación entre «ídolos deportivos y fanáticos», hoy en apariencia «más cercanos» tras las conexiones que el internet facilita. El fanático abre un nuevo espectro de relación mediática con su ídolo. Para el recuerdo quedó aquel fan cuya relación con la estrella se limitaba a coleccionar artículos, pegar posters en sus paredes y ocasionalmente poder observarlo en un escenario masivo, sea un estadio, un coliseo o una plaza pública, pero siempre a varios de metros de distancia. Otrora, la relación cara a cara, que determinaba la única forma de interacción entre el ídolo y el fan, era una odisea de verdaderos aventureros que debían atravesar fuertes circuitos de seguridad y operativos de custodia para poder conversar, o por lo menos tocar, al ídolo que tanto admiraban. Si bien en Ecuador y América Latina, en relación a Norteamérica y Europa específicamente, no existe una proliferación masificada de acceso a internet, y por ende el estudio del uso que le prestan los fanáticos a la gran red mundial apenas se ha iniciado, la fuente de donde recolectamos nuestra información es la página ‹www.ivankaviedes.com›, sitio web perteneciente al futbolista ecuatoriano Jaime Iván Kaviedes Llorentti, cuya personalidad y apariencia física han hecho de él un personaje mediático.

Blade design and forming for fans using finite elements

The necessity of adapting the standardized fan models to conditions of higher temperature has emerged due to the growth of concerning referring to the consequences of the gas expelling after the Mont Blanc tunnel accident in Italy and France, where even though, with 100 fans in operation, 41 people died. However, since then, the defied solutions have pointed to aerodynamic disadvantages or have seemed nonappropriate in these conditions. The objective of this work is to present an alternative to the market standard fans considering a new technology in constructing blades. This new technology introduces the use of the stainless steel AISI 409 due to its good adaptation to temperatures higher than 400°C, particularly exposed to temperatures of gas exhaust from tunnels in fire situation. Furthermore, it presents a very good resistance to corrosion and posterior welding and pressing, due to its alloyed elements. The innovation is centered in the process of a deep drawing of metallic shells and posterior welding, in order to keep the ideal aerodynamic superficies for the fan ideal performance. On the other hand, the finite element method, through the elasto-plastic software COSMOS permitted the verification of the thickness and structural stability of the blade in relation to the aerodynamic efforts established in the project. In addition, it is not advisable the fabrication of blades with variable localized thickness not even, non-uniform ones, due to the verified concentration of tensions and the difficulties observed in the forming. In this way, this study recommends the construction of blades with uniform variations of thickness. © 2007 Springer.