Italian Journalist Oriana Fallaci at the United Nations

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Italian Journalist Oriana Fallaci at the United Nations

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

El PCE y el movimiento comunista internacional (1969-1977)

El artículo se centra en la actividad internacional del Partido Comunista de España (PCE) desde las secuelas de la represión de la Primavera de Praga hasta 1977. Fue un período caracterizado por el principio del declive definitivo del movimiento comunista internacional. El análisis abarca múltiples cuestiones. Examina las crecientes críticas del PCE hacia el modelo soviético, y sus repercusiones en las relaciones entre el partido liderado por Santiago Carrillo y el movimiento comunista. Además, el artículo explora el intento del PCE de promover un nuevo tipo de internacionalismo en Europa occidental, auspiciando una renovada colaboración entre comunistas y socialistas y aprovechando las condiciones brindadas por la distensión. En este contexto tuvo lugar el surgimiento del eurocomunismo, que el ensayo analiza ilustrando los factores internos y externos que determinaron su crisis en la segunda mitad de los setenta.

Oriana : la voz y los silencios.

Resumen tomado de la publicación

Ordinis Medici In Academia Lipsiensi H. T. Pro-Cancellarius D. Christianus Gottlieb Lvdwig ... Panegyrin Medicam indicit et de fallaci judicio vulgi super vi imaginationis maternae in foetum observata quaedam proponit.

Mode of access: Internet.

De incerto, fallaci urinarum judicio, quo uromantes, ad perniciem multorum aegrotantium, utuntur: & qualia illi sint observanda, tum praestanda, qui recte de urinis sit judicaturus, libri tres ...

"Ex Joan. Langii Epistolarum medicinalium tomo 1 [epist. 11 & 83]": p. 282-293.

Comparison of treatment effect sizes associated with surrogate and final patient relevant outcomes in randomised controlled trials: meta-epidemiological study

Objective To quantify and compare the treatment effect and risk of bias of trials reporting biomarkers or intermediate outcomes (surrogate outcomes) versus trials using final patient relevant primary outcomes. Design Meta-epidemiological study. Data sources All randomised clinical trials published in 2005 and 2006 in six high impact medical journals: Annals of Internal Medicine, BMJ, Journal of the American Medical Association, Lancet, New England Journal of Medicine, and PLoS Medicine. Study selection Two independent reviewers selected trials. Data extraction Trial characteristics, risk of bias, and outcomes were recorded according to a predefined form. Two reviewers independently checked data extraction. The ratio of odds ratios was used to quantify the degree of difference in treatment effects between the trials using surrogate outcomes and those using patient relevant outcomes, also adjusted for trial characteristics. A ratio of odds ratios >1.0 implies that trials with surrogate outcomes report larger intervention effects than trials with patient relevant outcomes. Results 84 trials using surrogate outcomes and 101 using patient relevant outcomes were considered for analyses. Study characteristics of trials using surrogate outcomes and those using patient relevant outcomes were well balanced, except for median sample size (371 v 741) and single centre status (23% v 9%). Their risk of bias did not differ. Primary analysis showed trials reporting surrogate endpoints to have larger treatment effects (odds ratio 0.51, 95% confidence interval 0.42 to 0.60) than trials reporting patient relevant outcomes (0.76, 0.70 to 0.82), with an unadjusted ratio of odds ratios of 1.47 (1.07 to 2.01) and adjusted ratio of odds ratios of 1.46 (1.05 to 2.04). This result was consistent across sensitivity and secondary analyses. Conclusions Trials reporting surrogate primary outcomes are more likely to report larger treatment effects than trials reporting final patient relevant primary outcomes. This finding was not explained by differences in the risk of bias or characteristics of the two groups of trials.

Complete cytogenetic response and major molecular response as surrogate outcomes for overall survival in first-line treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia: A case study for technology appraisal on the basis of surrogate outcomes evidence

Objectives In 2012, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence assessed dasatinib, nilotinib, and standard-dose imatinib as first-line treatment of chronic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Licensing of these alternative treatments was based on randomized controlled trials assessing complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) and major molecular response (MMR) at 12 months as primary end points. We use this case study to illustrate the validation of CCyR and MMR as surrogate outcomes for overall survival in CML and how this evidence was used to inform National Institute for Health and Care Excellence’s recommendation on the public funding of these first-line treatments for CML. Methods We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the association between CCyR and MMR at 12 months and overall survival in patients with chronic phase CML. We estimated life expectancy by extrapolating long-term survival from the weighted overall survival stratified according to the achievement of CCyR and MMR. Results Five studies provided data on the observational association between CCyR or MMR and overall survival. Based on the pooled association between CCyR and MMR and overall survival, our modeling showed comparable predicted mean duration of survival (21–23 years) following first-line treatment with imatinib, dasatinib, or nilotinib. Conclusions This case study illustrates the consideration of surrogate outcome evidence in health technology assessment. Although it is often recommended that the acceptance of surrogate outcomes be based on randomized controlled trial data demonstrating an association between the treatment effect on both the surrogate outcome and the final outcome, this case study shows that policymakers may be willing to accept a lower level of evidence (i.e., observational association).

Middleware for Mobile Sensing Applications in Urban Environments

Sensor networks represent an attractive tool to observe the physical world. Networks of tiny sensors can be used to detect a fire in a forest, to monitor the level of pollution in a river, or to check on the structural integrity of a bridge. Application-specific deployments of static-sensor networks have been widely investigated. Commonly, these networks involve a centralized data-collection point and no sharing of data outside the organization that owns it. Although this approach can accommodate many application scenarios, it significantly deviates from the pervasive computing vision of ubiquitous sensing where user applications seamlessly access anytime, anywhere data produced by sensors embedded in the surroundings. With the ubiquity and ever-increasing capabilities of mobile devices, urban environments can help give substance to the ubiquitous sensing vision through Urbanets, spontaneously created urban networks. Urbanets consist of mobile multi-sensor devices, such as smart phones and vehicular systems, public sensor networks deployed by municipalities, and individual sensors incorporated in buildings, roads, or daily artifacts. My thesis is that "multi-sensor mobile devices can be successfully programmed to become the underpinning elements of an open, infrastructure-less, distributed sensing platform that can bring sensor data out of their traditional close-loop networks into everyday urban applications". Urbanets can support a variety of services ranging from emergency and surveillance to tourist guidance and entertainment. For instance, cars can be used to provide traffic information services to alert drivers to upcoming traffic jams, and phones to provide shopping recommender services to inform users of special offers at the mall. Urbanets cannot be programmed using traditional distributed computing models, which assume underlying networks with functionally homogeneous nodes, stable configurations, and known delays. Conversely, Urbanets have functionally heterogeneous nodes, volatile configurations, and unknown delays. Instead, solutions developed for sensor networks and mobile ad hoc networks can be leveraged to provide novel architectures that address Urbanet-specific requirements, while providing useful abstractions that hide the network complexity from the programmer. This dissertation presents two middleware architectures that can support mobile sensing applications in Urbanets. Contory offers a declarative programming model that views Urbanets as a distributed sensor database and exposes an SQL-like interface to developers. Context-aware Migratory Services provides a client-server paradigm, where services are capable of migrating to different nodes in the network in order to maintain a continuous and semantically correct interaction with clients. Compared to previous approaches to supporting mobile sensing urban applications, our architectures are entirely distributed and do not assume constant availability of Internet connectivity. In addition, they allow on-demand collection of sensor data with the accuracy and at the frequency required by every application. These architectures have been implemented in Java and tested on smart phones. They have proved successful in supporting several prototype applications and experimental results obtained in ad hoc networks of phones have demonstrated their feasibility with reasonable performance in terms of latency, memory, and energy consumption.

El renacimiento (I) mucho más que un matrimonio de conveniencia

Hubiéramos deseado enfocar este artículo desde otra perspectiva. Su gestación había deambulado por otros derroteros. Es cierto que pensábamos escribir sobre el tremendo paréntesis que la historiografía clásica impone, en el campo de la matemáticas, al final de la edad media hispana y al llamado renacimiento, también en su versión peninsular. De la matemática «árabe» ya habíamos hablado en artículos anteriores, pero, una vez más, los medios de comunicación pretenden adiestrarnos en el lenguaje del odio, presentándolo bajo el prisma del choque cultural. Porque, una vez más, los paladines de la justicia y la democracia andan bombardeando un país musulmán respondiendo con iniquidad a la iniquidad. Razones más que suficientes, en nuestro caso, para cultivar la admiración, para revisar nuestra cultura a la luz de sus aportaciones. Las de «ellos», que fueron las nuestras, porque formábamos parte integrante de «esa» comunidad. Máxime cuando uno lee con dolor alegatos tan detestables –por racistas– y tan tendenciosos –por intencionadamente desinformados– como el de la señora Fallaci.

Dependência entre a performance de baterias VRLA e as características físico-químicas da matéria activa positiva

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Química e Biológica

Alternativas de inversión para el ahorrador mexicano.

Tesis (Maestría en Contaduría Pública con Especialidad en Finanzas), UANL

Contribución del eslogan "mano firme, corazón grande" al triunfo de la campaña política a la presidencia de la República de Colombia de Álvaro Uribe Vélez en el año 2002

Esta monografía busca mostrar como el eslogan "Mano firme, corazón grande" contribuyó al triunfo de la campaña de Álvaro Uribe para la Presidencia de la República de Colombia en el año 2002, al ser un ejemplo de la aplicación de la formula de marketing comercial propuesta de valor.

Prevalencia nódulos vocales en docentes del magisterio con diagnostico de disfonía

Este estudio determina la prevalencia de nódulos Vocales asociados a disfonía en docentes con edades entre 35 y 65 años, considerando variables del individuo y ocupacionales. Metodología: Estudio de corte descriptivo que incluyó la información contenida en 262 Historias Clínicas de docentes diagnosticados con disfonía en la consulta de medicina laboral en una IPS de la ciudad de Bogotá entre marzo de 2009 a marzo de 2012. La presencia de nódulos laríngeos se estableció a partir del hallazgo de nasofibrolaringoscopia. Resultados: Se evidenció presencia de nódulos en 67 docentes que corresponde a una prevalencia del 25,5 %, asociándose más a las variables: sexo femenino, edad entre 45 y 54 años, nódulos bilaterales, nivel de desempeño preescolar y docentes de educación física, de los docentes con nódulos el 76,1% tienen menos de cinco consultas medicas y el 75% tienen más de 90 días de incapacidad. Conclusión: Un alto porcentaje de docentes presentan nódulos vocales asociados a disfonía y este se relaciona con diferentes variables como sexo, edad, tipo de nódulo, área y nivel de desempeño además generan un gran número de incapacidades y de ausentismo laboral.

Análisis de los factores de localización de centros de innovación en Colombia. Estudio de caso: configuración de Ruta N en la ciudad de Medellín, a partir de la localización de proyectos estratégicos en el marco de los procesos de competitividad para la ciudad. (2007-2011)

Esta investigación busca analizar los factores de localización urbanos que se convierten en componentes importantes para establecer Parques Tecnológicos en Colombia como estrategia de competitividad y desarrollo territorial. Particularmente se ha enfocado en la configuración del Centro de Innovación Ruta N en la ciudad de Medellín en el marco de los procesos de competitividad para la ciudad durante el periodo 2007-2011.