Educación Mediática e InteRmetodología Relacional aplicada a los MOOC

En el contexto actual de innovación tecnológica aparecen nuevas necesidades de aprendizaje y cobran particular relevancia los procesos pedagógicos. Los MOOC se posicionan como una alternativa educacional disruptiva y como puntos de encuentro educomunicativos abiertos a todos, a través de los cuales podemos acceder a esa inteligencia distribuida y accesible en la Red en la que formar redes relacionales externas e internas y tejer una construcción de conocimiento, a partir de nuevas ideas y de la inteligencia colectiva que se produce. Desde una perspectiva teórica, abordamos la acción educomunicativa inherente a los MOOC, partiendo de la necesidad de implementar una inteRmetodología, en la que el Factor Relacional sea determinante, que disponga de estrategias y prácticas para englobar a los discentes en sus diversas dimensiones, con el objetivo de construir conocimiento común en relación y conexión, desde una reflexión encaminada a la acción y participación, para llegar a una praxis holística.

Influencia del ambiente familiar en el rendimiento escolar en la Educación General Básica.

Estudiar las diferencias en el rendimiento escolar de los niños procedentes de ambientes familiares diversos. Hipótesis: los niños que proceden de familias que viven en condiciones que se pueden considerar de óptimas, reaccionan de modo positivo ante el ambiente escolar y como consecuencia su rendimiento es muy superior al de los que proceden de familias en cuyo seno carecen de estas condiciones. 440 alumnos de EGB, de los que la mitad poseen la calificación de notable-sobresaliente y la otra mitad de insuficiente-muy deficiente. El muestreo ha sido estimado, aunque dentro de las categorías la selección ha sido al azar. Variable dependiente: las calificaciones escolares que se dividen en dos categorías: brillantes y deficientes. Variables independientes: los datos familiares, en los que se estudian estos factores: relacional-emocional, económico, cultural. Variables intervinientes: número de hijos, origen de los padres. Expeiente de los alumnos registrados en cada colegio para recoger los datos escolares. Cuestionario ad hoc preparado para recoger los datos referentes al ambiente familiar. Frecuencias y porcentajes. Correlaciones simples entre cada uno de los indicadores de la variable independiente con las dos categorías de la dependiente. Medias. Prueba de Chi cuadrado para obtener el nivel de confianza con el que después se trabajará. Representaciones gráficas con el fin de lograr una mejor visualización de las variables correlacionadas. El 51 por ciento de los alumnos brillantes lo hace en condiciones óptimas, y de ellos el 73 por ciento estudia solo. Hay mayor preocupación de la familia por el ambiente escolar en los brillantes 84 por ciento que en los deficientes 64 por ciento. Cuando las notas son malas las actitudes se clasifican en: ánimo, preocupación, enfado, castigo, desinterés. Los niños brillantes depositan mayor confianza en sus progenitores lo cual conlleva a una compenetración familiar mayor. El 35 por ciento de los brillantes ven siempre la televisión, frente al 65 de los deficientes. Los factores económicos no expresan diferencias significativas. Hay una relación estrecha entre la profesión del padre y el éxito escolar del hijo. El factor relacional-emocional que existe en el seno familiar es el que más influye en el rendimiento escolar del niño. Es necesario encontrar la acción terapéutica capaz de eliminar la situación desagradable en la que viven muchos de los niños que asisten a los centros escolares.

Las regalías petroleras como factor para el desarrollo a escala humana a partir de los descubrimientos de Cusiana y Cupiagua en el departamento del Casanare

de la calidad de vida de la población, siendo el cumplimiento de la Ley la mejor manera para mejorar las condiciones de vida de la población. El estudio de caso co-relacional que se ha escogido es el resultado de la contradicción existente en el departamento pues a pesar que cuenta con un aumento de los ingresos considerable desde la década de los noventa la calidad de vida de la población mediante la cobertura de necesidades básicas no es la mejor dejando claro el incumplimiento de la Ley 141 de 1.994 la cual determina que en cobertura de necesidades básicas y en saneamiento ambiental deben ser invertidos dichos recursos.

Las comunicaciones interpersonales como factor de aprendizaje.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

El factor performático del diseño: convergencias con la comunicación y el arte

En una aproximación a las convergencias entre el arte, la comunicación y el diseño, se ubican aspectos relacionales y performáticos que se convierten en un espacio para la indagación de sus sobreexposiciones disciplinarias, bajo estas nociones, surgió la interrogante ¿Cómo contribuye el diseño en la generación de accionesper formáticas que promueven interacciones sociales, para ejecutar un papel específico en lugares antropológicos, para convertir a los usuarios en audiencia y en productores de significado? El caso publicitario Small World Machines de Coca-Cola, se consideró como un claro ejemplo donde estos aspectos se muestran claramente para, a partir de su análisis, tratar de verificar el grado en el que la ejecución de esta campaña publicitaria involucra factores performáticos, en su concepción, producción y uso dentro de los conceptos que son manejados en el territorio disciplinario del diseño. En este contexto y búsqueda se pretende: identificar los elementos claves del contexto histórico y social previo a la instalación de los dispensadores en India y Pakistán, analizar el carácter performático y relacional en el diseño en la campaña Small World Machines y; analizar las dinámicas de respuesta que generó la campaña en sus usuarios y públicos. Los objetivos pretenden contribuir con una finalidad: Explicar cómo la performatividad en el diseño influye en las interacciones sociales, a partir del estudio de caso de la campaña Small World Machines de Coca-Cola. Para su consecución se realizó el análisis de la situación histórica, social y territorial en la que esta campaña publicitaria se llevó a cabo (las ciudades de Lahore y Nueva Dehli), alimentado por los conceptos que se desarrollan en el cuerpo teórico de este planteamiento, para los que se recurrió a la consulta bibliográfica y documental como principal ingrediente, sustentada por entrevistas a personajes que han estado involucrados con la realidad de estos países y con las disciplinas del diseño. Finalmente, se tomó la campaña para estudiarla desde la perspectiva teórica planteada, donde los conceptos de estética relacional, performatividad, interacción y teatralidad, serán la base para este acercamiento, adicionando los parámetros que nutrieron esta investigación en su primera sección donde lo histórico, social y económico generaron el contexto adecuado para su análisis. La mirada crítica al caso seleccionado para su estudio, aporta con elementos fuera del territorio de análisis y estudio de la publicidad y la comunicación. En este ejercicio, se demuestra la fragilidad de los límites entre la simulación y la expresividad de la publicidad.

A comunicação humana: um processo relacional

Neste trabalho aborda-se a comunicação humana como um processo eminentemente relacional. Este enfoque objetiva situar o processo de comunicação a nível humano, como um fenômeno basilar no desenvolvimento da cultura refletindo, desta forma a constante necessidade inerente ao Homem de intercambiar com o meio circundante. Através da análise dos diversos níveis deste processo, bem como das contribuições de vários autores que intentaram elaborar modelos para ele pode-se concluir que por sua estrutura interacional, a comunicação humana é de capital importância para dinamizar as condições de adaptabilidade do ser humano à ambiência neste sentido que a própria conduta do indivíduo, encarada sob a forma de dado informativo dos diversos fenômenos psicológicos que nele se processam poderá ser considerada uma modalidade de mensagem.

Escola e família: da inevitabilidade da comunicação à construção de uma realidade relacional (estudo exploratório no 1º ciclo do Ensino Básico)

Com esta investigação procurou-se aprofundar o conhecimento sobre o processo comunicacional que se estabelece entre a escola e a família ao nível do 1º ciclo do ensino básico, e mais especificamente descrever as práticas e apreender e compreender o significado que os professores conferem a essas práticas. Numa primeira fase foram inquiridos 132 professores do 1º ciclo do ensino básico do Funchal através de um questionário traduzido e adaptado (Montandon, 1989), através do qual se procuraram identificar as práticas de contacto individual e colectivo e as suas circunstâncias. Numa segunda fase promoveu-se a discussão em dois focus groups distintos de modo a compreender o significado que os agentes no terreno e os peritos em educação, quer na área governativa quer na área formativa, conferiam às práticas comunicacionais. Os resultados indicaram que os professores preferem os contactos individuais e informais com os pais, de quem têm em geral uma representação negativa, e cuja principal finalidade é o conhecimento da criança. O factor essencialmente diferenciador das práticas dos professores foi o tempo de serviço nas suas dimensões pessoais, profissionais e sociais. Neste contexto, a formação de professores, inicial ou contínua, é sublinhada como uma forma de promover a comunicação entre pais e professores.

Crisis of work as a social integration factor

This article analyzes the process of deterioration of the work as a source of social rights and as a social integration element. The context of this process is the passage of a wage-labour society with stable employment to other where the labour relations are deregulated. This aim was tackled by means of quantitative and qualitative techniques. Secondary sources of statistical information were used together with interviews to experts of the institutional sphere. The results of this research show the emergence of a new exclusive model of social cohesion based on intensification and generalization of social inequalities and job insecurity. In this new model of social cohesion, it is noted that the integration strategies of people have less and less support from Government and people are neglected. This process appears in the four spheres that classify the social exclusion risks factors: the structural, the institutional, the relational and the individual.

Validade estrutural e concorrente das escalas de integração social no ensino superior e de suporte relacional extra-universitário

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.

Growth Factor Stimulation Improves The Structure And Properties Of Scaffold-free Engineered Auricular Cartilage Constructs.

The reconstruction of the external ear to correct congenital deformities or repair following trauma remains a significant challenge in reconstructive surgery. Previously, we have developed a novel approach to create scaffold-free, tissue engineering elastic cartilage constructs directly from a small population of donor cells. Although the developed constructs appeared to adopt the structural appearance of native auricular cartilage, the constructs displayed limited expression and poor localization of elastin. In the present study, the effect of growth factor supplementation (insulin, IGF-1, or TGF-β1) was investigated to stimulate elastogenesis as well as to improve overall tissue formation. Using rabbit auricular chondrocytes, bioreactor-cultivated constructs supplemented with either insulin or IGF-1 displayed increased deposition of cartilaginous ECM, improved mechanical properties, and thicknesses comparable to native auricular cartilage after 4 weeks of growth. Similarly, growth factor supplementation resulted in increased expression and improved localization of elastin, primarily restricted within the cartilaginous region of the tissue construct. Additional studies were conducted to determine whether scaffold-free engineered auricular cartilage constructs could be developed in the 3D shape of the external ear. Isolated auricular chondrocytes were grown in rapid-prototyped tissue culture molds with additional insulin or IGF-1 supplementation during bioreactor cultivation. Using this approach, the developed tissue constructs were flexible and had a 3D shape in very good agreement to the culture mold (average error <400 µm). While scaffold-free, engineered auricular cartilage constructs can be created with both the appropriate tissue structure and 3D shape of the external ear, future studies will be aimed assessing potential changes in construct shape and properties after subcutaneous implantation.

Macrophage Cell Activation With Acute Apical Abscess Contents Determined By Interleukin-1 Beta And Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Production.

This clinical study has investigated the antigenic activity of bacterial contents from exudates of acute apical abscesses (AAAs) and their paired root canal contents regarding the stimulation capacity by levels of interleukin (IL)-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) throughout the root canal treatment against macrophage cells. Paired samples of infected root canals and exudates of AAAs were collected from 10 subjects. Endodontic contents were sampled before (root canal sample [RCS] 1) and after chemomechanical preparation (RCS2) and after 30 days of intracanal medication with calcium hydroxide + chlorhexidine gel (Ca[OH]2 + CHX gel) (RCS3). Polymerase chain reaction (16S rDNA) was used for detection of the target bacteria, whereas limulus amebocyte lysate was used to measure endotoxin levels. Raw 264.7 macrophages were stimulated with AAA exudates from endodontic contents sampled in different moments of root canal treatment. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure the levels of TNF-α and IL-1 beta. Parvimonas micra, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Dialister pneumosintes, and Prevotella nigrescens were the most frequently detected species. Higher levels of endotoxins were found in samples from periapical exudates at RCS1 (P < .005). In fact, samples collected from periapical exudates showed a higher stimulation capacity at RCS1 (P < .05). A positive correlation was found between endotoxins from exudates with IL-1 beta (r = 0.97) and TNF-α (r = 0.88) production (P < .01). The significant reduction of endotoxins and bacterial species achieved by chemomechanical procedures (RCS2) resulted in a lower capacity of root canal contents to stimulate the cells compared with that at RCS1 (P < .05). The use of Ca(OH)2 + CHX gel as an intracanal medication (RCS3) improved the removal of endotoxins and bacteria from infected root canals (P < .05) whose contents induced a lower stimulation capacity against macrophages cells at RCS1, RCS2, and RCS3 (P < .05). AAA exudates showed higher levels of endotoxins and showed a greater capacity of macrophage stimulation than the paired root canal samples. Moreover, the use of intracanal medication improved the removal of bacteria and endotoxins from infected root canals, which may have resulted in the reduction of the inflammatory potential of the root canal content.

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Increases During Blood-brain Barrier-enhanced Permeability Caused By Phoneutria Nigriventer Spider Venom.

Phoneutria nigriventer spider accidental envenomation provokes neurotoxic manifestations, which when critical, results in epileptic-like episodes. In rats, P. nigriventer venom (PNV) causes blood-brain barrier breakdown (BBBb). The PNV-induced excitotoxicity results from disturbances on Na(+), K(+) and Ca(2+) channels and glutamate handling. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), beyond its angiogenic effect, also, interferes on synaptic physiology by affecting the same ion channels and protects neurons from excitotoxicity. However, it is unknown whether VEGF expression is altered following PNV envenomation. We found that adult and neonates rats injected with PNV showed immediate neurotoxic manifestations which paralleled with endothelial occludin, β-catenin, and laminin downregulation indicative of BBBb. In neonate rats, VEGF, VEGF mRNA, and Flt-1 receptors, glutamate decarboxylase, and calbindin-D28k increased in Purkinje neurons, while, in adult rats, the BBBb paralleled with VEGF mRNA, Flk-1, and calbindin-D28k increases and Flt-1 decreases. Statistically, the variable age had a role in such differences, which might be due to age-related unequal maturation of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and thus differential cross-signaling among components of the glial neurovascular unit. The concurrent increases in the VEGF/Flt-1/Flk-1 system in the cerebellar neuron cells and the BBBb following PNV exposure might imply a cytokine modulation of neuronal excitability consequent to homeostatic perturbations induced by ion channels-acting PNV neuropeptides. Whether such modulation represents neuroprotection needs further investigation.

Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor (g-csf) Positive Effects On Muscle Fiber Degeneration And Gait Recovery After Nerve Lesion In Mdx Mice.

G-CSF has been shown to decrease inflammatory processes and to act positively on the process of peripheral nerve regeneration during the course of muscular dystrophy. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of treatment of G-CSF during sciatic nerve regeneration and histological analysis in the soleus muscle in MDX mice. Six-week-old male MDX mice underwent left sciatic nerve crush and were G-CSF treated at 7 days prior to and 21 days after crush. Ten and twenty-one days after surgery, the mice were euthanized, and the sciatic nerves were processed for immunohistochemistry (anti-p75(NTR) and anti-neurofilament) and transmission electron microscopy. The soleus muscles were dissected out and processed for H&E staining and subsequent morphologic analysis. Motor function analyses were performed at 7 days prior to and 21 days after sciatic crush using the CatWalk system and the sciatic nerve index. Both groups treated with G-CSF showed increased p75(NTR) and neurofilament expression after sciatic crush. G-CSF treatment decreased the number of degenerated and regenerated muscle fibers, thereby increasing the number of normal muscle fibers. The reduction in p75(NTR) and neurofilament indicates a decreased regenerative capacity in MDX mice following a lesion to a peripheral nerve. The reduction in motor function in the crushed group compared with the control groups may reflect the cycles of muscle degeneration/regeneration that occur postnatally. Thus, G-CSF treatment increases motor function in MDX mice. Nevertheless, the decrease in baseline motor function in these mice is not reversed completely by G-CSF.

Inhibition Of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha And Cyclooxigenase-2 By Isatin: A Molecular Mechanism Of Protection Against Tnbs-induced Colitis In Rats.

Isatin, an indole alkaloid has been shown to have anti-microbial, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects. Due to its findings, we evaluated whether this alkaloid would have any effect on TNBS-induced colitis. Animals (male Unib:WH rats, aged 8 weeks old) were induced colitis through a rectal administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid using a catheter inserted 8 cm into the rectum of the animals. The rats were divided into two major groups: non-colitic and colitic. The colitic group was sub-divided into 6 groups (10 animals per group): colitic non-treated, Isatin 3; 6; 12.5; 18.75 and 25 mg/kg. Our main results showed that the oral treatment with Isatin 6 and 25 mg/kg were capable of avoiding the increase in TNF-α, COX-2 and PGE₂ levels when compared to the colitic non-treated group. Interestingly, the same doses (6 and 25 mg/kg) were also capable of preventing the decrease in IL-10 levels comparing with the colitic non-treated group. The levels of MPO, (an indirect indicator of neutrophil presence), were also maintained lower than those of the colitic non-treated group. Isatin also prevented the decrease of SOD activity and increase of GSH-Px and GSH-Rd activity as well as the depletion of GSH levels. In conclusion, both pre-treatments (6 and 25 mg/kg) were capable of protecting the gut mucosa against the injury caused by TNBS, through the combination of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which, together, showed a protective activity of the indole alkaloid Isatin.

Frequency Of The Allelic Variant C.1150t > C In Exon 10 Of The Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (fgfr3) Gene Is Not Increased In Patients With Pathogenic Mutations And Related Chondrodysplasia Phenotypes.

Mutations in the FGFR3 gene cause the phenotypic spectrum of FGFR3 chondrodysplasias ranging from lethal forms to the milder phenotype seen in hypochondroplasia (Hch). The p.N540K mutation in the FGFR3 gene occurs in ∼70% of individuals with Hch, and nearly 30% of individuals with the Hch phenotype have no mutations in the FGFR3, which suggests genetic heterogeneity. The identification of a severe case of Hch associated with the typical mutation c.1620C > A and the occurrence of a c.1150T > C change that resulted in a p.F384L in exon 10, together with the suspicion that this second change could be a modulator of the phenotype, prompted us to investigate this hypothesis in a cohort of patients. An analysis of 48 patients with FGFR3 chondrodysplasia phenotypes and 330 healthy (control) individuals revealed no significant difference in the frequency of the C allele at the c.1150 position (p = 0.34). One patient carrying the combination `pathogenic mutation plus the allelic variant c.1150T > C' had a typical achondroplasia (Ach) phenotype. In addition, three other patients with atypical phenotypes showed no association with the allelic variant. Together, these results do not support the hypothesis of a modulatory role for the c.1150T > C change in the FGFR3 gene.