944 resultados para FUNDAMENTAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
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(The Clinical Case as a Basis for Research in Fundamental Psychopathology) This article discusses aspects that hinder the process of drawing up clinical cases and stresses their importance for research in fundamental psychopathology. The author bases her thinking on several texts by Freud and his followers about the technique and the interpretation of dreams. In these texts, clinical cases are used to express a problem that must be investigated. The grounds for research follow the same logic as that used for interpreting dreams.
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A presente dissertação de mestrado trata-se de uma pesquisa teórica fundamentada na psicanálise e na psicopatologia fundamental e propõe um estudo sobre agressividade e o adolescente em conflito com a lei. Primeiramente demonstra-se como a agressividade é constitutiva da subjetividade, ou seja, existe em todos os sujeitos humanos, tomando como base a análise feita por Freud em o Mal-estar na civilização (1930); posteriormente estuda-se a agressividade em Winnicott (2002) o qual também afirma ser esta constitutiva da subjetividade e enfatiza a importância de se compreender este conceito em sua relação com a tendência anti-social e a delinquência. Em seguida, apresenta-se uma reflexão sobre a conduta anti-social e a delinquência onde se destaca o pensamento de Vilhena (2002) que diferencia agressividade e violência ao mesmo tempo em que articula os conceitos de de-privação com aspectos da contemporaneidade, destacando que a família é o lugar do suporte para o adolescente que transgride as leis sociais, assim como a falência dos papéis parentais deve ser levada em consideração no estudo da agressividade, tendência anti-social e delinquência. Por fim apresenta-se a teoria de Marta Gerez-Ambertín (2004) sobre o "sujeito do ato" Para a autora o sujeito deve ter um comprometimento subjetivo com seus atos através de seu discurso. Trabalha-se com a hipótese de que os adolescentes em conflito com a lei tentam encontrar respostas a seus conflitos e desejos inconscientes. Outrossim, ao adolescente em conflito com a lei, deve-se oferecer a possibilidade de falar sobre seu ato e assumir as responsabilidades por sua conduta.
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This article is based on the author's clinical practice in the area of public health, and discusses depression as it is known today. Essentially, the author questions the practice of labeling depression as a psychopathological condition. The author also questions today’s trend of seeing a subject’s suffering as a "malaise," or a “disorder.” The possibility is brought up of understanding it as a "demand for analysis." Finally, the article is meant as a contribution to the ethics of psychoanalysis focused on the subject and the possibilities of psychoanalysis in subjectivating this "malaise."
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Etiologic research in psychiatry relies on an objectivist epistemology positing that human cognition is specified by the "reality" of the outer world, which consists of a totality of mind-independent objects. Truth is considered as some sort of correspondence relation between words and external objects, and mind as a mirror of nature. In our view, this epistemology considerably impedes etiologic research. Objectivist epistemology has been recently confronting a growing critique from diverse scientific fields. Alternative models in neurosciences (neuronal selection), artificial intelligence (connectionism), and developmental psychology (developmental biodynamics) converge in viewing living organisms as self-organizing systems. In this perspective, the organism is not specified by the outer world, but enacts its environment by selecting relevant domains of significance that constitute its world. The distinction between mind and body or organism and environment is a matter of observational perspective. These models from empirical sciences are compatible with fundamental tenets of philosophical phenomenology and hermeneutics. They imply consequences for research in psychopathology: symptoms cannot be viewed as disconnected manifestations of discrete localized brain dysfunctions. Psychopathology should therefore focus on how the person's self-coherence is maintained and on the understanding and empirical investigation of the systemic laws that govern neurodevelopment and the organization of human cognition.
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We evaluated children in the first grade of a elementary school using neurological examination. With no previous knowledgement of their educational performance, were invited all children attending five classes of the first grade of an elementary public school chosen randomly, in Itatiba / Sao Paulo / Brazil, whose parents assigned a Commitment Term for participation in this research. Children who missed three evaluations in different days or whose parents did not assigned the Commitment Term were excluded. The Traditional Neurological Examination (ENT) (Lefevre, 1972) was applied. It was considered for normal the measurement of the skull circumference, proposed by Diament & Rodrigues (1976), and the application of all ENT items. The data were stored in a database of the Epi6 Program (Epidemiologic Information), and analyzed by percentage calculation and by the c2 test. The significance level was 0.05. Children evaluated were 124. The ENT results were normal in 87 (70.16%) and altered in 37 (29.83%). Among the alterations, there were observed: light tremor, light muscular hypotonia, speech acquisition delay, macrocephaly, microcephaly, hyperactivity, cranial nerve syndrome, central facial paralysis. One child presented corticospinal tract impairment syndrome of the distal lower extremities.
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Although learning strategies are important tools for schooling process, there is a lack of national instruments to evaluate their knowledge by brazilian students. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to describe the steps necessary for the construction of a scale to evaluate the learning strategies for basic education students and to present the preliminary study of its psychometric properties. It is also discussed the utility of this instrument for diagnosis, intervention and prevention in school and educational psychology.
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This article aims at discussing and articulating views of language under sociocultural, dialogic and discourse perspectives, in order to present a theoretical framework as far as the analysis of textbooks of English as a foreign language for the Brazilian Ensino Fundamental I is concerned. Due to the limited number of studies in this field, to the still considerably structural approach of the English language teaching and learning in our country nowadays and to the important mediation role textbooks play in language education, we believe our work can contribute positively to the construction of critical and multiple literacies, which, in turn, can support an active and transformative educacional process in the present times.
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física