Microbial quality of shrimp products of export trade produced from aquacultured shrimp

Bacteriological quality of individually quick frozen (IQF) shrimp products produced from aquacultured tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) has been analysed in terms of aerobic plate count (APC), coliforms, Escherichia coli, coagulase-positive staphylococci, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes. Eight hundred forty-six samples of raw, peeled, and deveined tail-on (RPTO), 928 samples of cooked, peeled, and deveined tail-on (CPTO), 295 samples of headless, undeveined shell-on (HLSO), and 141 samples of raw, peeled, and deveined tail-off (RPND) shrimps were analysed for the above bacteriological parameters. Salmonella was isolated in only one sample of raw, peeled tail-on. Serotyping of the strain revealed that it was S. typhimurium. While none of the cooked, peeled tail-on shrimp samples exceeded the aerobic plate count (APC) of 105 colony forming units per gram (cfu/g), 2.5% of raw, peeled, tail-on, 6.4% of raw, peeled tail-off, and 7.5% of headless shell-on shrimp samples exceeded that level. Coliforms were detected in all the products, though at a low level. Prevalence of coliforms was higher in headless shell-on (26%) shrimps followed by raw, peeled, and deveined tail-off (19%), raw, peeled tail-on (10%), and cooked, peeled tail-on (3.8%) shrimps. While none of the cooked, peeled tail-on shrimp samples were positive for coagulase-positive staphylococci and E. coli, 0.6–1.3% of the raw, peeled tail-on were positive for staphylococci and E. coli, respectively. Prevalence of staphylococci was highest in raw, peeled tail-off (5%) shrimps and the highest prevalence of E. coli (4.8%) was noticed in headless shell-on shrimps. L. monocytogenes was not detected in any of the cooked, peeled tail-on shrimps. Overall results revealed that the plant under investigation had exerted good process control in order to maintain superior bacteriological quality of their products

Information externalities and export trade duration at the firm level

Recent empirical work emphasizes the importance of the extensive margin of trade (new exporters, new export activities) for long run export growth. In this context, understanding the determinants of duration of new exporters is key for underpinning the dynamics of exports growth. As new exporters tend to show low survival rates, identifying the determinants of export duration is highly relevant for academic and policy purposes. In this paper, we explore whether information externalities arising from different levels of spatial interaction allow new exporters to increase the duration of their trade activities. For this, we use transaction level data on Colombian exports between 2004 and 2011. Results show that export networks, understood as the agglomeration of exporting firms at different spatial levels, reduce the risk of dropping out from exporting and that this effect is stronger the more similar are export activities carried out by firms

The beef export trade of Central America /

Cover title.

A letter to the Right Honourable Lord Castlereagh, [etc.] [etc.] [etc.] on the North American export-trade during the War, and during any time the import and use of our manufactures are interdicted in the United States.

Mode of access: Internet.

American exporter's export trade directory.

Compilers: 190 Editoral staff of the American reporter.--1912- B.O. Hough.

Report on the beef supply of the United States and the export trade in animal and meat products /

Mode of access: Internet.

Concluding chapter of the Federal Trade Commission report on cooperation in American export trade.

Mode of access: Internet.

American Exporter's Export Trade Directory

Mode of access: Internet.

Ethical perspectives of the Australian live export trade

Objective To examine the ethical perspectives of the Australian live export trade. Design and method The perspectives of farmers and other industry personnel, overseas consumers, the Australian public, veterinarians and the assumed interests of transported animals are compared in relation to the ethical consequences. Animal welfare, societal, personal and professional ethics are identified and the ratification of different perspectives considered. Results and conclusions There are positive and negative aspects of the trade for each stakeholder group, and the overall position adopted by any individual reflects their perspective of the balance of these components. The debate as to whether Australia should continue with the trade will be best served by consideration of the interests of all parties in the trade, including the consumers and animals, which are among the most affected by the trade. There is a need for further research to address the major welfare problems for the animals, an openness to inspection on the part of the trade and balance in media reporting.

Ablueprint for export development of Kerala

An attempt is made to identify the causes for the decline of Kerala’s agricultural export performance. The study evaluates the policies of the government and programmes of the organization assigned with the task of development of export trade of specific commodities. The researcher recommends a plan of action with long term perspective and suggests appropriate strategies for the export development of the traditional and nontraditional agricultural items. T he thesis also review trends in the world trade of the major exports from Kerala

Genetic characterization of Portuguese Fasciola hepatica isolates

Dissertation presented to obtain the Master Degree in Molecular, Genetics and Biomedicine

Teknisten tuoteominaisuuksien todentaminen suomalaisessa huonekaluteollisuudessa

Työn tavoitteena oli saada kokonaiskuva, missä määrinja kuinka suomalainen huonekaluala hyödyntää huonekalutestaustoiminnan tuloksiatämän hetkisessä liiketoiminnassa sekä kuinka testaustuloksia tullaan hyödyntämään tulevaisuuden liiketoiminnassa. Lisäksi kartoitettiin, tarvitaanko Suomessa akkreditoitua huonekalutestauslaboratoriota. Työn teoriaosassa käsitellään suomalaisen huonekaluteollisuuden tämän hetkistä tilannetta, huonekalutestauksen syitä sekä tuotelaadun ja laatukustannusten vaikutuksia yrityksen toimintaan. Teoriaosassa pohditaan myös testauksen ja laadun välisiä vuorovaikutuksia sekä niiden vaikutuksia tuotteen välittömiin ja välillisiin kustannuksiin. Käytännön osassa päädyttiin mm. seuraaviin johtopäätöksiin. Tällä hetkellä huonekalutestauksia teettävät lähinnä liikevaihdoltaan isoimmat yritykset. Vientikauppa mahdollistaa suuret liikevaihdot ja yhtenä edellytyksenä vientikaupalle on testatut tuotteet. Vientikauppaa tekevistä yrityksistä lähes 80 % testasi tuotteitaan. Testauksia tekevät yritykset hyödyntävät testaustuloksia koko tuotantoprosessin läpi aina tuotekehityksestä markkinointiin. Tulevaisuuden testaustarpeet eivät juuri eroa tämän hetken tarpeista, joskin testausten määrän odotetaan lisääntyvän. Yritykset kokevat tärkeänä akkreditoidun huonekalutestauslaboratorion olemassa olon Suomessa.

Packaging materials for shrimp, fish and fish products, their properties, selection and effect of different packaging materials on their shelf life

Packaging is important not only in extending the shellife of fish and fishery products but also improving their marketability. In the recent years, significant development have taken place in the packaging industry. During the past decade in India, there is almost a packaging revolution with the availability of variety packaging materials, thus generating better packaging consciousness in other producer/manufacturing industries. But unfortunately, such realisation is not forthcoming in the fisheries sector and packaging techniques for local and export trade continues to be on traditional lines with their inherent drawbacks and limitations. Better packaging ensures improved quality and presentation of the products and ensures higher returns to the producer. Among several packaging materials used in fishery industry, ISI specifications had been formulated only for corrugated fibre board boxes for export of seafoods and froglegs. This standard was formulated before containersiation came into existance in the export of marine products. Before containerisation, the standards were stringent in view of the rough handling, transportation and storage. Two of the common defects reported in the master cartons exported from India are low mechanical strength and tendency to get wet. They are weakened by the deposits of moisture caused by temperature fluctuations during loading, unloading and other handling stages. It is necessary to rectify the above defects in packaging aquatic products and hence in the present study extensive investigations are carried out to find out the reasons for the damage of master cartons, to evolve code of practice for the packaging oi frozen shrimp for exports, development of alternative style of packaging for the shipping container, development of suitable consumer packaging materials for fish soup powder, cured dried mackeral, fish pickles in oil and frozen shrimp. For the development of suitable packaging materials, it is absolutely essential to know the properties of packaging materials, effect of different packaging materials on theirshelf life and their suitability for food contact applications.

Studies on the physiology of moulting in the penaeid prawn, penaeius indicius h. Milne edwards

Penaeid prawns form the most economically significant group in the marine and brackishwater fishery resources of India. This particular group contributes about 62% of the total prawn landings of the country. At present prawns have assumed an important place especially as a commodity supporting an export trade of sizable magnitude. Considerable interest has been shown in the last decade to increase prawn production through various culture practices, mainly due to the high demand for good quality prawns for export coupled with the stagnant and even depleting nature of marine catches. Available informations suggest that among the 15 species of shrimps and prawns occurring in Indian waters, which are deemed suitable for aquaculture, the Indian white prawn §.indicus is identified as one of the most important commercial species. Considering the increasing importance as an accepted species for prawn culture, £.indicus was selected for the present study. In the life history of prawns, moulting is an important event, which enables the animal to achieve growth. This dynamic physiological event continues through out the life span ofthe prawn, linking almost all biological activities with this process. Hence, a good knowledge pertaining to the physiology of moulting is imperative to understand the growth process. This knowledge will be of great use in the scientific prawn farming, so as to achieve high prawn production.

Problems And Prospects Of Marketing Indian Cardamom At Home And Abroad

The main objective of the study has been to analyse the marketing problems of Indian cardamom at home and abroad and examine possible courses of action which would lead to increased consumption of cardamom, both within India and abroad. This has been done in the context of the anticipated increases in the Indian and world supply of cardamom. Field studies were undertaken to understand the cost of production of cardamom and cost of export. This study was also directed at examining how far price fluctuations in cardamom can be controlled in the Indian context, so as to have a reasonable and stable income for primary producers which will ensure adequate encouragement for higher production and better export earnings.